大学英语六级模拟试卷540

大学英语六级模拟试卷540

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledAPackage

TouroraSelf-guidedTour7Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutline

givenbelow：1.有些人认为跟团旅游好处多2.有些人认为自助旅游好处多

3.我的看法APackageTouroraSelf-guidedTour?

标准答案：APackageTouroraSelf-guidedTour?Whenfacingthedifficultchoice

betweenapackagetourandaself-guidedtour,somepeopleprefertogoonapackage

tour.Theyholdtheopinionthattheguidewillberesponsibleforarrangingtheschedule,

transportationandaccommodation,whichmakesitpossibleforthetouriststofeasttheir

eyesonthebeautifulsceneryandbecomefamiliarwiththelocalcustoms.Andwhat's

more,itismuchsaferandmoremoney-savingthansclf-guidcdtour.Onthecontrary,

peoplewhoareinfavorofself-guidedtourarguethattheywillflexiblyarrangethe

scheduleofthetourandmaystayintheirfancyplace（destination）aslongastheyliketo

enjoythebeautifulscenery,orsnacksofdifferenttastes,logoshopping,withoutthe

limitationoftime.Inaddition,self-guidedtourmaytestandimprovepeople's

perseverance,dependenceandtheabilitytodealwithsomedifficulties.Lastbutnotleast,

thismodeoftourcanpromotethefriendshipamongthefriendsortherelationships

amongthefamilymembers.Therefore,italldependsonwhatkindoftouronemay

choose.IfIhaveenoughtimeandmoney,Iwillchooseself-guidedtourforfreedomand

flexibility;however,iftimeislimitedandmyenergyneedstobesaved,perhapsIwill

considerpackagetour.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10

分。）

ReturningtoScienceTeresaGarrettwasworkingpart-timeasabiochemistrypostdoc（博

士后）.Shehadaninfantathome,andshewasmiserable.Sheandherhusbandwere

consideringhavingasecondchild.Shedidn'tlikeleavingherdaughterwithadaycare

provider,andshewonderedifherslimincomejustifiedtheexpenseofchildcare.She

decidedtostayhomefulltime.Itwasalonelybutpracticaldecision,shesays.Shehadn't

ruledoutthepossibilitybutshedidnotexpecttoreturntoscience:Afterall,the

conventionalwisdomwouldequateseveralyearsofparentingleavewiththeendofa

researchcareer.Garretteventuallyhadtwodaughtersandspenttheirearlyyearsathome.

Thechallengeofmanagingasciencecareerandpersonalfamilyobligationsisnotanew

issue,particularlyforwomen.Inacareerwhereproductivityandpublicationsdefineyour

value,canyoutakeacoupleofyearsoffandthenmakeasuccessfulreturn?Whenyou

do,willemployerstrustyourdevotiontoyourjob?ForGarrett,theanswertoboth

questionswas"Yes."First,shefoundashort-termteachingtutoratDukeUniversity,the

institutionwhereshehaddoneherPh.D.AndthenChristianRaetz,whohadbeenher

Ph.D.adviser,offeredherapostdoc.Thetimingwasperfect:Shewasreadytostarta

moreregularworkschedule,andherhusbandwasinterestedinstartingabusiness.

Today,sheisachemistryprofessoratVassarCollege.GarrettcreditsRaetzbothforhis

faithinherabilitiesandhiswillingnesstojudgehercontributionsonqualityand

productivityandnotthenumberofhoursshespentinthelaboratory."Peoplearealways

shockedtoknowthatyoucantaketimeoffandcomeback,"shesays.Returningto

researchafteranextendedpersonalleaveispossible,butitmaynotbestraightforward.

Progresscanbeslowandtheremaybesomefalloutfromabreak.Thepathbackdoesn't

comewitharoadmaporatimeline.Yourreentrywillhaveadifferentrhythmthanyour

initialapproachbecausethistimeyouhavetobalanceyourcareerwiththeneedsofa

family.Theuncertaintycanmakeyoufeelisolatedandalone.Butifyouarepersistent

andtakeadvantageoftheresourcesthatareavailable,youcangetitdone.Stepping

SidewaysAftertimeawayfromtheworkforce,it'sparticularlyeasytounderestimate

yourvalueasascientistand—hence—totakeoneormorebackwardsteps.Don't,says

RuthRoss,whonearlymadethatmistakeafterspending4yearsathomewithher

children.APh.D.pharmacologistwithindustryexperience,sheappliedforatechnician

jobattheUniversityofAberdeenintheUnitedKingdomassheplannedherreturnto

science.Shewouldhavetakenthejobifithadbeenoffered,shesays,but"thatprobably

wouldhavebeenabadcareermove."Asitturnedout,theuniversitydecidedshewas

over-qualified.Insteadoftakingastepback,takeastepsideways:Ifyouleftapostdoc,

returntoapostdoc,perhapswithaspecialcareerreentryfellowship.Afacultymemberat

AberdeenencouragedRosstoapplyforanewlyestablishedcareerreentryfellowship

fromtheWellcomeTrust.Fundingfromthatorganizationsupportedherpostdoctoral

researchuntiltheuniversityhiredherintoafacultypositionin2002.After2yearsat

homewithhersonandtwindaughtersfollowedby3yearssearchingforproject

managementjobsinthebiotechindustry,biochemistPiaAbolagotwindofanopeningat

theMolecularSciencesInstitute(MSI).AnMSIstaffscientistneededskillslikehersbut

lackedmoney,sothetwoappliedjointlyforanNIHcareerreentrysupplement.She's

nowaproteinbiochemistandgrantwriteratProscttaBioconformatics.Independenceand

FlexibilityInsteadofsteppingbackwardorsideways,physicistShireenAdenwallatooka

stepforward.Insteadoftakinganotherpostdoc,shesetupanindependentresearch

programonsoftmoney.Earlyinhercareer,Adenwallalook15monthsoff,caringforher

firstchildandthenlookingforanotherpostdoc.Whensheandherphysicisthusband

decidedtomovetotheUniversityofNebraska,Lincoln——hehadacceptedatenure-track

position——Adenwallaturneddownpostdocopportunities.Insteadshearrangedavisiting

facultyposition,followedbyapostasaresearchassistantprofessor."Ithinkthatwasa

verysmartthing,1'shesaystoday."Establishinganindependentresearchprogramisvery

important."Herstartingsalarywasjust$15000,andshegotjust$5000instart-up

assistance.Sheborrowedequipment,taughtcourses,tookongraduatestudents,and

publishedherresearch.Shehadalabandanoffice,butbothgotmovedaround-herlab

threetimes,herofficetwice.Adenwallamissedhavingrealstart-upmoney,herown

equipment,andtheinstitutionalinvestmentthatcomeswithatenure-trackposition.On

theotherhand,shewasherownboss,soshewasabletotake6monthsoffwhenshehad

hersecondchildandworkparttimeforawhileafterherthirdchildwasborn.Eventually

shewashiredtoatenure-trackpost.Flexibleorpart-timehourscansmooththetransition

backintothescientificworkforce.Somereentry住Howshipsspecifyapart-timeoption

andmostareaccommodating,butevenifyoudon'lhaveafellowshipyoucanaskfbra

workschedulethatmeetsyourneeds.Ross,forexample,tookadvantageofthepart-time

provisionoftheWellcomeTrustFellowship.WhenGarretttookthepositionontheLipid

Mapsgrant,shenegotiateda30-hour-a-wcckschedule.Patience：anEssentialVirtue

TwomonthsbeforephysicistMarijaNikolic-Jaric'sscheduleddissertation（专题论文）

defenseatSimonFraserUniversity,herhusbandwasdiagnosedwithanaggressivebrain

tumor.Overthenext17months,shefocusedonherhusbandandhiscancertreatments.

Afterhisdeath,shemovedwithherlittlesontoWinnipegtobenearfamily.Shetriedto

jump-startherthesisprojectseveraltimes,thefirstin1998,butshewasn'treadyyetand

becamediscouraged.Eventually,shefoundthemotivationtoreturn.Shestartedfromthe

beginning,withanewapproach.ShefinishedherPh.D.in2008.Nowapostdocatthe

UniversityofManitoba,shehasmovedintoanewresearcharea—biomicrofluidics.This

year,herworkissupportedbyanM.HildredBlewettScholarship,acareerreentrygrant

fromtheAmericanPhysicalSociety.ElizabethFreeland,too,continuestoworktowarda

permanentresearchpositionadecadeafterherreturn.Whenshefollowedherfuture

husbandtohispostdocatBrookhavenNationalLaboratoryinUpton,NewYork,and

subsequentlytoChicago,Illinois,shewasn'tabletofindacompatibleresearch

opportunity.Sincethen,shehascaredtorthecouple'stwoyoungchildren,taughtpart

time,andfoundafewshort-termresearchopportunities,somepaid,othersnot.Like

Nikolic-Jaric,Freelandisaphysicist,andlikethatotherphysicistssheswitchedfields.

Freelandmovedfromcondensedmattertheorytohigh-energyphysics.Shescraped

togethertwoone-yearpostdoctoralgrants,thefirstfromtheAmericanAssociationof

UniversityWomenandthesecondisaBlewettScholarship.Unabletofindapermanent

positionlocally,inSeptembershestartedaone-yearpostdocatWashingtonUniversityin

StLouis.Thelocationischallenging,shesays,butsheisencouragedbythesupportof

hermentors（导师）.Andbecauseherworkistheoretical,shecanspendalternateweeksat

homewithherhusbandandschool-agechildren.ICsagreatresearchopportunity,she

says,oneshehopeswillsomedayyieldajobclosertoherfamily.ShealsorunsaWeb

siteforphysicistsnavigatingcareerbreaks.FindingYourOwnWayBackThough

studentssometimesseeherasarolemodel,Adenwallacautionsthatwhatworkedforher

mightnotbethebestsolutionforothers."Youhavetofindwhat'srightforyou,"she

says,andignorethosewithdifferentcircumstancesandneeds.Herownjourneywasa

tradeoff,shesays.Ontheplusside,shewasabletopickherchildrenupatschoolevery

day.Ontheminusside,shesays,"therewasafearinsidemethat1wouldnevermakeit.”

Garretttellseveryoneaboutherjourney,evennotingitonherVassarWebsite.nBoth

youngwomenandyoungmenwhoarecomingupthroughtheircareerpathneedtoknow

aboutthedifferentwaysthatyoucanhaveagoodandsatisfyingcareerinscience."

2、WhenGarrettstayedathome,shewaspreventedfromexpectingtoreturntoscience

becauseofher.

A、commonsense

B、severalyearsofparentingleave

C、slimincome

D、comingsecondchild

标准答案：A

知识点解析：同义转述题。定位句提到，Garrett不期望重返科研，毕竟传统观念

会将多年的育儿休假等同于科研生涯的结束，这也是她直觉的判断。A)是对原文

中conventionalwisdom的同义转述，故为正确答案。

3、WhenGarrettisachemistryprofessor,Raetzjudgeshercontributionson.

A、thenumberofhoursshespentinlaboratory

herwillingnesstocontribute

C、thequalityandproductivityofherwork

D、herregularworkschedule

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节推断题。本题考查Raetz对Garrett进行评价的依据。Raetz不仅

相信Garrett的能力，而且他愿意以她的素质和创造能力来衡量她的贡献，因比答

案为。。

4^Accordingtothepassage,RuthRossalmostcommittedthemistakethat.

A、sheunderestimatedherability

B、shetookastepback

C、shespent4yearsathome

D、shetookastepsideways

标准答案：A

知识点解析：同义转述题。原文提到，人们很容易就此低估自己并采取相对退后的

步骤，RulhRoss就差点犯了这样的错误。由此可见RuthRoss差点犯的错误是

A)“她低估了自己的能力”，这是对原文中underestimateyourvalue的同义转述。

5、BeforePiaAbolagotapositionattheMSI,shespentathome.

A、twoyears

B、threeyears

CNfouryears

D、fiveyears

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节推断题。原文提到PiaAbola在家照顾孩子两年，接着用了三年

时间寻找生物科技行业的项目管理职位，之后她得知在MSI有空缺职位。经过计

算可知，她在家待了五年时间才在MSI公司获得职位重返职场。

6、ShireenAdenwallamovedherlabandofficefrequentlybecause.

A、herhousemovedtoNebraska

B、shekeptgettingpromoted

C、theequipmentwasborrowed

D、shecouldn'tgetabundantfunding

标准答案：D--

知识点解析：推理判断题。第二段第二句中的两个jusl表明资金不足，借设备、教

课、带研究生、发表研究成果也都是为了筹钱。

7、MarijaNikolic-Jaric'sdissertationdcibnseatSimonFraserUniversitywasdelayed

becauseofher.

A、husband'sdisease

B、toddlerson

C、farawayfamily

D、discouragingjump-start

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节辨认题。第三个小标题首段提到，MarijaNikolic-Jaric原定论文

答辩的前两个月，丈夫被诊断出患有脑瘤。接下来的17个月，她都集中精力照料

病重的丈夫及其癌症治疗。由此可知，她的论文答辩是因丈夫的病重延误的。

8、In1998,Nikolic-Jaricfailedherthesisprojectbecauseofher.

A、husband'sdeath

B、lackofmotivation

C、lackofpreparation

D、newapproach

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节推断题。定位句提到，她从1998年开始曾几次试图进行论文项

目，但因为没有准备好，最后灰心丧气。故当时论文失败是由于准备不充分，操之

过急造成的。

9、Beforesheswitchedfields,Freeland'sformerresearchdirectionwas.

标准答案：condensedmattertheory

知识点解析：细节辨认题。原文提到，Freeland像其他物理学家一样更换了研究领

域，由冷凝物质理论转向了高能物理领域。由此可知，她以前的研究领域应该为冷

凝物质理论。

10、Inadditiontotheone-yearpostdocatWashingtonUniversity,FreelandrunsaWeb

siteforphysiciststo.

标准答案：navigatecareerbreaks

知识点解析：细节辨认题。定位句指出，Freeland开了一个网站以服务于正在经历

职业暂休的物理学家们。本题考查网站的目的，由此可知答案为navigatecareer

breakso

11>AccordingtoGarrett,ifyoungpeoplewanttosucceedinscience,theyneedto

know.

标准答案：aboutthedifferentways

知识点解析：同义转述题。原文最后一段提到了Garrett建议正在发展事业的年轻

男性和女性都应该了解在科学领域取得成功的不同方法，而全文的框架也正是以儿

个典型案例分析了她们成功重返职场的不同策略与途径。题干中的wanttosucceed

inscience是对原文中comingupthroughtheircareerpath的同义转述，由此得出答

案。

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题1.0分，共8分。）

12、

A、Hewastakingpicturesoncampusthen.

B、Hisappearancewasunintentional.

C、HeisamemberoftheschoolTVstation.

D、HewillhosttheSixO'clockNews.

标准答案：B

知识点解析♦：推理判断题。女士听说男士出现在六点整新闻节目中，男士解释说校

电视台的一些人正在校园里录节目，此时他正好从摄像机前走过。由此可知，男士

碰巧路过，他的出现是无意的。

13、

A、Heisn'tinterestedinit.

B、Hewantstolistentoit.

C>Heplanstogiveitup.

D、Hewouldliketochooseitnextyear.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语义推断题。在女士提到她的教授不仅有趣，还愿意把时间让给学生

后,男士表示很想旁听他的讲课。sitinon意为“旁听”。

14、

A^Doctors,health.

B、Healthexperts.

C>Healthyfood.

D、Physicalexercises.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：综合理解题。女士提到如今我们越来越多地听到人们说锻炼，但甚至

专家们都不确定哪种锻炼是最好的，现在有些医生开始强烈建议做些手臂锻炼；男

士不明白为何要进行手臂锻炼，问这是否因为手臂太胖了。由此可知，讲话者正在

谈论锻炼身体的话题。

15、

A、Shehadasharppaininherstomach.

B、Shewenttoseeadoctoratlunchtime.

C、Shespentherlunchtimestudying.

D、Shedidn'twanttoeatwiththeman.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。男士询问女士午餐时在哪儿，并提到他给女士在餐厅留

了个座位；女士深表歉意，并解释说她之所以没去餐厅是因为她对知识的渴望远胜

于饥饿带来的痛苦。由此可知，女士把午餐时间用来学习了。

16、

A、Thestudentsalwayssleepinhisclass.

B、Heispopularamongthestudents.

C、Heprefersdiscussiongroupsinhisclass.

D^Heasksthestudentstositinfront-rowseats.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：综合理解题。女士提到Howl教授在政治科学系声誉很好，男士表示

该教授名副其实，并补充说许多在讨论小组和研讨会上容易睡觉的学生在Howl教

授课堂上都争相坐在最前排。由此可知，该教授很受学生的欢迎。

17、

A、She'ssurprisedthatSandycouldworkfortheagency.

B、ShewonderswhySandy'sstillkeepingherjob.

C、ShedoubtsSandyhasearnedmuchmoney.

D、Shedoesn'tknowSandy'snewtermhasstarted.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：弦外之音题。男士提到Sandy暑假在一家著名的旅行社当导游。女士

说她不怀疑这一点，但她对Sandy已经开学了却还在那里工作感到惊讶。由此可

知，女士想知道为什么Sandy还在那里继续工作。

18、

A、Classmates.

B、Employerandemployee.

C^Professorandstudent.

D、Doctorandpatient.

标准答案：c

知识点解析：推理判断题。男士提到两场研讨会是很重的任务，不知女士能否胜

任：女士表示肯定，并解释说这学期她的课很少。由此可知，男士与女士应该是老

师与学生的关系。

19、

A、Hewillacceptthewoman'ssuggestion.

B、HewillreadmorematerialonMexico.

C^Hewillhavetochooseanothertopic.

D、Hewillaskthewomantochoosethetopic.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：行动计划题。女士建议男士写墨西哥古代文明方面的内容，但男士表

示这方面的内容涉及的材料太多了，而Grant只需要五到七页的论文。由此可知，

男士得选择其他的话题。

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题7.0

分，共3分。）

20、

A、Hehasopenedanewaccount.

B、Hehasbeeninthehole.

C、Hebegantopayacarloan.

D、Hehadtodealwithafinancialcrisis.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节推断题。男士提到自己不明白为什么会从银行得到两张空头支

票，自己之前从未有过透支的经历。由此可知，男士银行的户头出了点问题，处于

透支的状态。

21、

A、Thebankisprovidingmorefavorabletaxes.

Thebankiscollectingmorefeesthanheexpected.

C、Hereceivesabankstatementeverymonth.

D、Hecanpaybillsbycreditcardswithoutadditionalfees.

标准答案：B

知识之解析：推理判断题。女士检查男士的银行账单，并告知男士只要有活期存款

账户，银行就会收取一定的费用，每次刷卡消费也会被扣去一定的费用。由此可

知，女士告知男士银行的收费往往比男士想象的要多。

22、

A、Becausehehassomepiecesofcreditcards.

B、Becausehedidn'tconsultthewomanbefore.

C、Becausehepaysmoreattentiontotheaccounts.

D、Becausehepayslittleattentiontotheterms.

标准答案：D'

知识点解析：目的原因题。男士惊讶于银行怎么能收取这么多的费用，女士表示这

是因为男士不大注意一些协议条款，并且也不太关注自己的账户。

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

23、

A、TheNationalBank.

B、TheSpanishDepartment.

C、TheJonesandFrenchCompany.

D、AcompanyinRome.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节推断题。对话中女士问男士是否仍在JonesandFrench公司上

班，由此可知男士过去在这家公司工作。

24、

A、HecanspeakalittleItalian.

B、HeknowsalotofGerman.

C^HeisgoodatFrench.

D、HespeaksSpanishfluently.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。对话中在女士讲完自己对语言的掌握情况后，男士提到

他仅学过一点意大利语。

25、

A、Therearefourchildreninthefamily.

B、Tomistooyoungtostartschooling.

C、Janemustbetheeldestinhisfamily.

D^Billywouldbeastudentnextyear.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。对话中男士提到Billy其实已经到了上学年龄，但他们

夫妻俩决定让他明年再入学。

26、

A、Sheisinthethirdgrade.

B、Sheisinthesecondgrade.

C>Sheisinthekindergarten.

D、Sheisstillathome.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。对话中女士说她的女儿还没上学，但她今年秋天会上

学，可知，女士的女儿依然在家。

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题7.0

分，共6分。）

27、

A、Ourhealthwillbecomebetterandbetter.

B>Wemayhavesomephysicalproblems.

C、Ourrelationshipwithourbosswillbeimproved.

D^Wewillexperiencetensionwithourfamily.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。短文中提到，与产生正面冲突相比，避免冲突与在次日

产生更多健康问题的征兆紧密相连。由此可知，避免冲突可能会导致健康问题的出

现。

28、

A、Itwillhelppeoplekeepfitandlivelonger.

B、Itwillmakepeopleenhanceselt-controllingandhappier.

C、Ilwillmakethecoupleloveeachothermoreandkeepfit.

D、Itwillmakethecouplehateeachothermoreandlivelonger.

标准答案：B」

知识点解析：事实细节题。短文后半部分提到，有另外一项研究发现表达愤怒有助

于掌控感和积极情绪的建立。而这些在以恐惧方式应对冲突的人身上并不存在。由

此可以推断。善于表达愤怒使人们增强自我控制并感到更加快乐。

29、

A、Itshowedmostspousescouldn'tavoidarguing.

B、Itshowedsomepeoplelikedexpressingaggressiveness.

C、Itshowedarguingdidnogoodtocouples.

D^Itshowedtensionwasnotgoodforpeople'shealth.

标准答案：D」

知识点解析：事实细节题。短文后半部分提到，与在这八天里没有经历过紧张关系

的人相比，有过不良关系的人群（无论是发生争吵还是委曲求全）的情绪更加负面。

由此可知，这八天的实验说明紧张的关系不利于身心健康。

30、

A^Thesymboldoesn'thaveageneralname.

B、Thesymbolcan'tbedescribedbymanyterms.

C、Thesymbolcanbeusedintheuniversities.

D^Thesymbolcanrepresentthevalueofsomething.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。短文开头提到，令人感到惊奇的是，这个符号居然没有

官方的通用的名称。

31、

A、Ilseparatesthemailaddressfromwebsite.

B、Itseparatestheuser'saddressfromhisname.

CNItseparatese-mailusernamefromserveraddress.

D、Itseparatestheuser'saddressfromserveraddress.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。短文中提到，符号@将上网用户的姓名与其邮件的服务

器地址分开。由此可知，@符号在网络上的功能是将邮箱用户的名字和服务器的地

址分开。

32、

A、Becausemonkswantedtheirworktobemoreinterestingandeasier.

B、Becausemonksstartedabrainstormtocreatethisstrangesymbol.

C、Becausemonkswantedtomaketheirworkeasierandquicker.

D、Becausemonkswantedtoshowtheircreativity.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：目的原因题。短文中提到，虽然单词at开始写起来很短.但它在教

科书和文件中频繁出现。中世纪的僧侣就想到如果能进一步简化它，这一单词写起

来就可以更快更容易。由此可知，@符号被创造出来的原因是僧侣们想更快地完成

自己的工作。

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分,共4分。）

33、

A^Thedistinguishedprofessors.

B、Theprestigiousstatus.

C、Theattractivefinancialaid.

D^Thecompetitivecoursesandmajors.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。短文开头即指出，今年想入读哈佛大学更加困难，因为

今年申请哈佛大学本科学位的人数创新高，这主要是因为在经济衰退的大背景下，

该校高额的奖学金对很多人而言是一个诱惑。

34、

A、Ithascutdownonfreshmenenrolment.

B、Ithasn'texpandedthesizeoffreshmanclasses.

C^Ilhaspickedouttopstudentsbyinterviewing.

D、Ithasadmittedmorelow-incomestudents.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。短文指出，随着“婴儿潮''一代的子女们高中毕业，美国

多所大学招生人数激增。但与普林斯顿大学、耶鲁大学和斯坦福大学这几所“常青

藤''盟校不同，哈佛大学在过去二十多年中未对本科生进行过大规模扩招。

35、

A、Itrolledoutafinancialaidincentiveof$147million.

B>Itcovered17%ofstudentstoreceivesomeaid.

C、Itreducedtheamountlow-incomestudentsmustpay.

D^Itexemptedthemthecostofroomandboardfromtuition.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：信息明示题。短文指出，哈佛大学于2004年公布的“哈佛助学金计

划''大规模削减了低收人家庭学生必须支付的费用。

36、

A、TheClassof2013willhavetheloweststudentnumber.

ThenumberofAsianstudentssetsanewrecord.

CNAbout10%arcfromtamiiiesearningupto$180000.

D、About40%offreshmenareminorities.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。本文最后一句指出，在被录取的2013届新生中，近

18%是亚裔，10.9%为拉美裔，创历史纪录，10.8%为黑人。由此可以推出，约

40%的新生为少数族裔。

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

〃分。）

SmalldogsgenerallylivelongerthanbigdogssothatsmallYorkshireterrier（猎狐狗）

nextdoorcouldbearoundforalongtime.Butbodysizeisn'ttheonlyfactorthat[Bl]

howlongdogssurvive.Personalityinfluenceslifespan,too,accordingtoanew

studythatmighthelpexplainhowanimal[B2]evolve.Studyonanimalsfrom

antstoapeshasfoundthatdifferent[B3]havedifferentpersonalities.Someare

timid,others[B4].Biologistshaveproposedthattemperaments（性情）evolved

alongwithlifehistory.【B5】,violentanimalsusealotofenergyfastin[B6]

shortlives,thethinkinggoes,whereascalmeranimalslastlonger,saving

themselvesto[B7]laterinlife.Butit'shardtorunevolutionary[B8]

onthesepersonalitiesinanythinglongerlivedthanafruitfly.Soevolutionary

biologistVincentfromCanadacameupwithanideaaboutdogs."Allthesebreed

differencesreflectanexperimentonartificialselection,"saysVincent.[B9]_

theabilitytochasefoxesintoholes,orherdsheep,orsitattractivelyonasofa.But

evolutionaryphysiologistJosephWilliamsofOhioStateUniversityinColumbusisn't

convincedthat[B10]."Forme,itstillremainstobeseen.Dogsarecontraryto

whatyouwouldexpectinnatureintermsoflongevity,'*hesays.[Bl1].Onthe

otherhand,aChihuahuawillgenerallyoutlastaSaintBernard.

37、[Bl]

标准答案：determines

知识点解析：语义推断题。此空所在定语从句缺少谓语，故空格处应填入动词。开

篇以狗为例表明体型小的狗比体型大的狗寿命长，而本句用But转折说明狗的体型

大小并不是“影响”或“决定”狗的寿命的唯一因素。结合录音，不难填人

determineso

38、[B2]

标准答案：characters

知识点解析：语义推断题。此空所在宾语从句的谓语动词为evolve,故空格处应填

入复数名词。前文提到Personalityinfluenceslifespan,后文则表明新的研究可能有

助于解释这一现象。本文重点讨论动物的性格是如何影响寿命的，可推测这一现象

应该与动物的性格有关，所填名词应该与前面的Personality是同义词。结合录音，

不难填入characterso

39、[B3]

标准答案：individuals

知识点解析：语义推断题。此空所在宾语从句缺少主语，故空格处应填入名词。本

句开头提到研究涉及的动物从ants到apes,说明研究的动物种类是不同的，所以

研究表明不同的动物有不同的性格。结合录音，不难填入individuals。

40、[B4]

标准答案：aggressive

知识点解析：反义参照题。此空与timid对应，词性相同，词义相对。既然有的

“胆怯”，那么其他动物的性格应与“胆怯”正好相反。结合录音，不难填入

aggressiveo

41、[B5]

标准答案：Bold

知识点解析：精祈并列关系题。此空与violent并列，故应填入形容词。根据句

意，此处应该是描述动物的性格。空格前violent“暴躁的”含有负面意义，空格处

应能表示相近的意义。结合录音，不难填入Bold。

42、[B6]

标准答案：relatively

知识点解析：修饰关系题。此空修饰形容词short,故应填入副词。根据句子的意

思，暴躁的动物消耗的能量多，寿命比较短。结合录音，不难填入relalively,意

为“相对地”。

43、[B7]

标准答案：reproduce

知识点解析：语义推断撅。此空与to一起构成不定式结构，故应填入动词原形。

本句用whereas转折，阐述性格比较冷静的动物活得长一些，这也会给它们以后的

生活带来一定的影响。结合录音，不难填入reproduce“繁殖”。

44、[B8]

标准答案：researches

知识点解析：语义推断题。此空被形容词evolulionary修饰，所以应填入名词。联

系上下文可知，有关这些动物“性格”进化的研究很难操作，由此推测此处应该是说

明操作或研究的形式。结合录音，不难填人researches。

45、[B9]

标准答案：Thehugediversityofdogsresultednotfromnaturalselection,butfrom

generationsofhumansselectinganimalswithtraits

知识点解析:huge,diversity,resulted,naturalselection,humans,selecting,traits

46、[BIO]

标准答案：whathappenedindogshasanythingtodowithevolutioninnature

知识点解析：happened,anything,evolution,nature

47、[Bll]

标准答案：Elephantscanlivefordecades,whereasamousemightmakeitthroughonly

forseveralseasons

知识点解析：Elephants,decades,whereas,mouse,seasons

九、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共拓题，每题74

分，共70分。）

It'sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hard-charging,noise-making,

culture-shapingbrandsareeverywhere.They'reonsupermarketshelves,ofcourse,but

alsoinbusinessplansfornetworkcompanystart-upsandinthenamesofsports

complexes.BrandsareinfiltratingC参透）people'severydaylives——bystickingtheirlogos

onclothes,inconcertprograms,onsubwaystationwalls,eveninelementaryschool

classrooms.WeliveinanageinwhichCBSnewscasterswearNikejacketsontheair,in

whichBurgerKingandMcDonald'sopenkiosks（售货亭）inelementaryschool

lunchrooms.Butasbrandsreach（andthenoverreach）intoeveryaspectofourlives,the

companiesbehindtheminvitemorequestions,deeperscrutiny—andaninevitable

backlashbyconsumers."Ourintellectuallivesandourpublicspacesarebeingtakenover

bymarketing-andthathasrealimplicationsforcitizenship,"saysauthorandactivist

NaomiKlien."It'simportantforanyhealthyculturetohavepublicspace—aplacewhere

peoplearctreatedascitizensinsteadofasconsumers.Wc'vccompletelylostthatspace."

Sincethemid-1980s,asmoreandmorecompanieshaveshiftedfrombejngabout

productstobeingaboutideas,Starbucksisn'tsellingcoffeesit'ssellingcommunity!

Thosecompanieshavepouredmoreandmoreresourcesintomarketingcampaigns.To

payforthosecampaigns,thosesamecompaniesfiguredoutwaystocutcostselsewhere,

forexample,byusingcontractlaborathomeandlow-wagelaborindeveloping

countries.Contractlaborersarehiredonatemporary,per-assignmentbasis,and

employershavenoobligationtoprovideanybenefit（suchashealthinsurance）orlong­

termjobsecurity.Thissavescompaniesmoneybutobviouslyputsworkersinvulnerable

situations.IntheUnitedStates,contractlaborhasgivenrisetoso-calledMcJobs,which

employersandworkersalikepretendaretemporary-eventhoughthesejobsareusually

heldbyadultswhoaretryingtosupportfamilies.Themassiveexpansionofmarketing

campaignsinthe1980scoincidedwiththereductionofgovernmentspendingforschools

andformuseums.Thismadethoseinstitutionsmuchtoowilling,eveneager,topartner

withprivatecompanies.Butcompaniestookadvantageoftheneedsofthoseinstitutions,

reachingtoofar,andoverwhelmingthecivicspacewiththeirmarketingagendas.

48、Howcanbrandsinfiltratepeople'sdailylife?

A、Byhavingtheirlogosprintedonpeople,clothes.

B、Byhavingtheirbrandsappearinprimaryschools.

C、Byfindingwaystoputtheirproductsonsupermarketshelves.

D、Byputtingrelativeinformationoftheirproductsonpublicplaces.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节推断题。定位句提到，品牌正在渗透到人们的日常生活中，然后

介绍了多种方式：将它们的标志粘贴到衣服上、音乐会上、地铁站的墙壁上，甚至

在小学教室里。D）“把产品的相关信息张贴在公众场所”对原文中提到的众多方式进

行了总结。

49、Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whathasrealiiriplicationsforcitizenship?

A、Publicspaces.

BNMarketing.

C>Citizenship.

D^Healthyculture.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。定位句指出，我们的智力生活和公共空间正在被营销活

动所占据，然后使用了弋词that指出“那对于市民来说是真正的影响”，由此得出

that指代前文提到的marketing,因此答案为B）“市场营销”。

50>Howcanthecompaniescuttheircostaccordingtothepassage?

A、Theydismisssomeemployeestosavemoney.

B>Theyusetemporarylaborsandcheaplabors.

C、Theydon'tpayfbrtheemployees,healthinsurance.

D^Theyinvestmoneyonmarketingcampaigns.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：综合理解题。第五段首句指出，为了给这些活动筹集资金，那些公司

想出很多方法来减少其他方面的开支，接着进行举例：使用contractlabor（合同劳

动力）和low-wagelabor（低薪劳动力）；第二句又具体介绍了contracilabor实际上是

一种临时聘用的劳动力，即temporarylabors,而