电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）课件汇 Lesson 01 VLSI Technology - Lesson 10 The mobile telephone system (I)

Unit

1ElectronicDevices

Lesson1VLSITechnology《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）》Lesson1VLSITechnologyBackgroundsTexttour

LanguageinuseVocabularyStructureReading/writingtechniques2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）2TerminologyTransistorvs.vacuumtubeConductivity&semiconductorMiniaturization,IC,LSI,VLSITimelineofElectronicTechnologyEvolutionCompanyInformationBellLaboratoriesTexasInstruments

IntelCorporationBackgrounds2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）3Terminology

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）4真空管是一种内部气体全部或部分抽空的电子管，从而使电子在不受或少受气体分子的干扰下运动。Transistorvs.vacuumtubeThevacuumtubeisanelectrontubefromwhichallormostofthegashasbeenremoved,permittingelectronstomovewithnoorlowinteractionwithanyremaininggasmolecules.2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）5Atransistorisadevicethatconductsavariableamountofelectricitythroughit,dependingonhowmuchelectricityisinputtoit.

Inotherwords,itisadigitalswitch.However,unlikethevacuumtube,itissolidstate.晶体管是一种依据输入电量大小而传导可变电量的器件。换言之，晶体管是一种数字开关。然而，和真空管不同，晶体管是“固态”的。

Transistorvs.vacuumtube2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）6Solidstatemeansthatitdoesn'tchangeitsphysicalformasitswitches.Therearenomovingpartsinatransistor.“固态”的意思是当晶体管切换状态时，它的物理形式不发生变化。晶体管中不存在可以移动的部分

。Transistorvs.vacuumtube2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）7Comparedtothevacuumtube,transistorsweremuchsmaller,faster,andcheapertomanufacture.Theywerealsofarmorereliableandusedmuchlesspower.Transistorvs.vacuumtube

和真空管相比，晶体管尺寸小得多，速度快得多，生产成本低得多，性能更加可靠，功耗也少得多。

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）8Whilemostmaterialseitherinsulatefromelectricalflow(air,glass,wood)orconductelectricityreadily(metals,water),therearesomethatonlyconductelectricityasmallamount,oronlyundercertainconditions.Thesearecalledsemiconductors.大多数材料要么对电流绝缘（如空气、玻璃、木头），要么很容易传导电流（如金属、水溶液），但也有一些材料只传导少量电流，或者只在特定条件下传导电流。这些材料被称作半导体。Conductivity&semiconductor

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）9Themostcommonlyusedsemiconductorisofcoursesilicon.

最常用的半导体材料当然是硅了。Conductivity&semiconductor

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）10Miniaturizationmeansthereductioninsizeofcomponentsandcircuitsforincreasingpackagedensityandreducingpowerdissipationandsignalpropagationdelays.微型化是指减少元件和电路的几何尺寸,从而增加封装密度、降低功耗、减少信号传播延迟。Miniaturization,IC,LSI,VLSI2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）11Theintegratedcircuitisagroupoftransistorsmanufacturedfromasinglepieceofmaterialandconnectedtogetherinternally,withoutextrawiring.IntegratedcircuitsarealsocalledICsorchips.集成电路就是一组用单片材料制造的，内部互联的（无外部连线）晶体管。集成电路也叫IC或者芯片。Miniaturization,IC,LSI,VLSI2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）12LSI：Large-scaleIntegration大规模集成(电路)Large-scaleintegration("LSI")cametorefertothecreationofintegratedcircuitsthathadpreviouslybeenmadefrommultiplediscretecomponents.VLSI：VeryLarge-scaleIntegration超大规模集成(电路)VLSIcircuitscancontainmillionsoftransistors.Miniaturization,IC,LSI,VLSI2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）13

TimelineofElectronicTechnologyEvolution2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）141900's:TheVacuumTube.1905:FirstelectronicdiodevacuumtubeisbuiltbyEnglishphysicistJ.AmbroseFleming,allowingthechangeofalternatingcurrentintoadirectone-waysignal.1906:FirstelectronictriodevacuumtubeisbuiltbyAmericanelectricalengineerLeeDeForest,allowingsignalstobecontrolledandamplified.Technologyofelectronicsisborn.Late1940's:TheTransistor.1947:Thepoint-contactbipolartransistorisinventedbyBellLab'sBardeen,Shockley,andBrattain.1951:Junctionfield-effecttransistor(JFET)isinvented.1952:Single-crystalsiliconisfabricated.1954:Oxidemaskingprocessisdeveloped.2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）15Late1950s:KeyICdiscoveries.1958:FirstsiliconintegratedcircuitisbuiltbyTexasInstrument'sJackKilby.1959:Planarprocesstodistributetransistorsonsilicon,withpassiveoxidelayerstoprotectjunctions,isdevelopedbyFairchildSemiconductor'sNoyceandMoore.Amodernversionofthisprocessisusedtoday.1960's:SmallScaleIntegration(SSI),upto20gatesperchip.1960:Metal-Oxide-Silicon(MOS)transistorisinvented.1962:Transistor-transistorLogic(TTL)isdeveloped.1963:ComplementaryMetalOxideSilicon(CMOS)isinvented.Late1960's:MediumScaleIntegration(MSI),20-200gatesperchip.1968:MOSmemorycircuitsareintroduced.2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）161970's:LargeScaleIntegration(LSI),200-5000gatesperchip.1970:8-bitMOScalculatorchipsareintroduced,7micrometerchipgeometries.1971:16-bitMicroprocessorsareintroduced.1980's:VeryLargeScaleIntegration(VLSI),over5000gatesperchip.1981:VeryHighSpeedIntegration(VHSIC),tens'ofthousandsofgatesperchip,1.5micrometerchipgeometries.1984:0.5micrometerchipgeometries.2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）17CompanyInformation

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）18AT&TBellLaboratories,Inc.,bynameBellLabs,thelongtimeresearchanddevelopmentarmoftheAmericanTelephoneandTelegraphCompany(AT&T).ItnowservesthesamefunctioninLucentTechnologiesInc.,whichwasspunofffromAT&Tin1996.HeadquartersforthelaboratoriesareinMurrayHill,N.J.BellLaboratories

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）19TexasInstrumentsIncorporated(TI)isanAmericanmanufacturerofcalculators,microprocessors,anddigitalsignalprocessorswithitsheadquartersinDallas,Texas.TexasInstruments2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）20IntelCorporationisanAmericanmanufacturerofsemiconductorcomputercircuits.Besidesmicroprocessors,thecompanymakesmicrocontrollers(single-chipcomputers),memorychips,computermodulesandboards,networkandconferencingproducts,andparallelsupercomputers.Thecompanywasfoundedin1968byRobertNoyceandGordonMoore.ItsheadquartersareinSantaClara,California.

Intel

Corporation2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）21OutlineTransistorandvacuumtube(para.1,2)TransistorsandICs(para.3)SemiconductorsandICs(para.4,5)Miniaturization:fromLSItoVLSI(para.6,7,8,9)Texttour2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）22InventedbyBellLabin1947Adigitalswitch…Asolidstatedevice…Advantagesovervacuumtubeinsize,speed,priceandpowerconsumptionetc.,…Transistorandvacuumtube2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）23Originally,…Likeotherdiscretedevices,…Inventionofintegratedcircuit…Integratedcircuitvs.discretecircuitIntegratedcircuit=IC=chipTransistorsandICs2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）24Semiconductors:aspecialmaterialConductelectricity…Silicon:themostcommonlyusedsemiconductorTransistorscreatedonICs…FirstICinhistoryinventedbyTIin1958SemiconductorsandICs

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）25Miniaturization:thekeytoICtech.LSI:hundredsoftransistors…VLSI:millionsoftransistors…ThefirstVLSImicroprocessor:Intel4004introducedin1971…Miniaturization:fromLSItoVLSIIntel40042025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）26Vocabulary device，conduct，discrete，manipulate，component，implementStructureIttakes(took,willtake)…timeto…Reading/writingtechniques给事物下定义的方法利用主语或表语从句进行强调Languageinuse2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）27Vocabulary2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）28Acontrivanceoraninventionservingaparticularpurpose,especiallyamachineusedtoperformoneormorerelativelysimpletasks.

设备；仪器；器件；装置Atechniqueormeans.

技术，方法,Aplanorscheme,especiallyamalignone.

策略；诡计；谋略Adecorativedesign,figure,orpattern,asoneusedinembroidery.

纹章；图案deviceindictionary

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）29deviceintextThetransistorwasoriginallyasingle,discretedevice,whichyoucouldplaceindividuallyintoacircuitmuchlikeanyother.最早的晶体管是分立器件。和其他分立器件一样，你可以单独地把它放置在某个电路中。

Thesedevicestypicallycontainedhundredsoftransistors.这些器件通常包含几百个晶体管。

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）30ComponentPartEquipmentInventiondeviceinuse

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）31Todirectthecourseof;manageorcontrol.

指挥指引…的路线；管理或控制Toleadorguide.

领导或引导

Conductanorchestra指挥交响乐队Toserveasamediumforconveying;transmit:

传导,作为传送的载体；传输：

Somemetalsconductheat.某些金属导热Tocomport(oneself)inaspecifiedway:

行为，举止

Sheconductedherselfstoicallyinhertimeofgrief.她悲伤时，表现出奇的冷静conductindictionary

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）32conductintextWhilemostmaterialseitherinsulatefromelectricalflow(air,glass,wood)orconductelectricityreadily(metals,water),therearesomethatonlyconductelectricityasmallamount,oronlyundercertainconditions.Thesearecalledsemiconductors.大多数材料要么对电流绝缘（如空气、玻璃、木头），要么很容易传导电流（如金属、水溶液），但也有一些材料只传导少量电流，或者只在特定条件下传导电流。这些材料被称作半导体。2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）33Copperconductselectricitybetterthanothermaterials.

铜导电比其它材料好。Metalisagoodconductorofelectricity.

金属是很好的导电体。Woodisapoorconductorofsound.

木头是声音的不良导体。Thesemiconductorisamaterialwhoseresistivityisbetweenthatofconductorsandinsulators,andwhoseresistivitycansometimesbechangedbylight,anelectricfieldoramagneticfield.

半导体是一种电阻率介于导体与绝缘体之间的材料,其电阻率有时会受光、电场或磁场的影响而变化。conductinuse

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）34Constitutingaseparatething;distinct.

分立的Consistingofunconnecteddistinctparts.

不连续的Definedforafinitesetofvalues;notcontinuous.

离散的discreteindictionary

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）35Large-scaleintegration("LSI")cametorefertothecreationofintegratedcircuitsthathadpreviouslybeenmadefrommultiplediscretecomponents.大规模集成是指将先前多个分立部件构成的电路集成化。

discreteintext2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）36Discrete,Integrateddiscretecircuit分立电路integratedcircuit集成电路Discrete,continuousDiscrete-timesignals,continuous-timesignalsDiscrete-timesystem,continuous-timesystemDTFT:DiscreteTimeFourierTransform,离散时间傅里叶变换DFT:DiscreteFourierTransform,离散傅里叶变换DCT:DiscreteCosineTransform,离散余弦变换DWT:DiscreteWaveletTransform,离散小波变换discreteinuse2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）37Tooperateorcontrolbyskilleduseofthehands;handle：操作Shemanipulatedthelightstogetjusttheeffectshewanted.

她熟练地操作着灯光，以达到她想要的效果Toinfluenceormanageshrewdlyordeviously:

影响，控制：Hemanipulatedpublicopinioninhisfavor.

他巧妙地使公众舆论倒向他Totamperwithorfalsifyforpersonalgain:操纵triedtomanipulatestockprices.

试图操纵股票价格manipulateindictionary

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）38Bycarefulchemicalcompositionandarrangement,itispossibletocreateaverysmalltransistordirectlyonalayerofsilicon,usingvarioustechnologiestomanipulatethematerialintothecorrectform.Thesetransistorsaresmall,fastandreliable,anduserelativelylittlepower.通过精心的化学合成和处理，运用各种材料处理技术可以在硅层上直接构造极小的晶体管。这样的晶体管体积小、速度快、功能可靠，耗能也比较少。

manipulateintext

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）39Manipulate,exploit,maneuver

Thecentralmeaningsharedbytheseverbsistoinfluence,manage,use,orcontroltoone'sadvantagebyartfulorindirectmeans.

manipulatespeopleintohelpinghim;

操纵着人们去帮助他；exploitingherfriends;

利用她的朋友；maneuveringtogainanedgeovertheircorporatecompetitors.

策划使他们能比他们共同的对手领先一步manipulateinuse2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）40Aconstituentelement,asofasystem.

成分，系统的组成要素Apartofamechanicalorelectricalcomplex.

零件componentindictionary

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）41Originally,thefunctionsperformedbyaprocessorwereimplementedusingseveraldifferentlogicchips.Intelwasthefirstcompanytoincorporatealloftheselogiccomponentsintoasinglechip.处理器完成的功能最早是由几个不同的逻辑芯片实现的。英特尔公司率先将所有这些部件集成到单个芯片中。

componentintext

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）42Oneoftheessential,functioningpartsofasubsystemorequipment,possiblyaself-containedelement,oracombinationofparts,assemblies,attachments,oraccessories.

子系统或设备的基本组成部分或功能部件之中的一个。它可以是一种独立的元件,也可以是若干部件、装配件或附件的组合。Hardwareorsoftwarethatispartofafunctionalunit.

属于某一操作装置的组成部分的硬件或软件。Insoftwareengineering,abasicpartofasystemorprogram.Forexample,theschedulerorsupervisorofanoperatingsystem.

在软件工程中,系统或程序的基本部分。例如,操作系统中的调度程序或管理程序。componentinuse2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）43chrominancesignalcomponent

彩色［色度］信号分量circuitcomponent

电路元件componentinuse2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）44Atooloraninstrumentusedindoingwork:

工具，器械：agardeningimplement.园艺工具Anarticleusedtooutfitorequip.

装备，家具Ameansofachievinganend;aninstrumentoragent.

媒介，手段Toputintopracticaleffect;carryout:

使生效；执行：implementthenewprocedures.实施新的程序Tosupplywithimplements.

向…提供工具implementindictionary

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）45Moretransistors(switches)wererequiredinordertoimplementmorecomplicatedfunctions.为了实现更复杂的功能，就需要更多的晶体管（数字开关）。

implementintext

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）46implementinstrumenttoolappliance都含“工具”的意思。implement指“在工作中任何有用或必需的器械”,尤指“较简单的农田或园艺工具”,如:newtypesoffarmimplements新式农具。instrument指“用于精细工作或科学技术的工具”,如:surgicalinstruments外科器械。tool多指“手工操作的简单工具“,如:toolsforcarpenters木工工具。appliance指“工具”、“器具”、“器械”、“电气用具”,如:anapplianceforopeningtincans开马口铁罐头的器具。implement

inuse2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）47Implementation实现，实施Insystemdevelopment,therealizationofasystemdesigninhardware,software,orboth.在系统开发过程中,用硬件、软件或其两者对一个系统设计的具体实现。

implement

inuse2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）48Implementation实现，实施Theseveralstepsconcernedininstallingandstartingsuccessfuloperationofcomputersystems.Thestepsincludefeasibilitystudies,applicationsstudies,equipmentselection,systemanalysis,designofproposednewsystem,physicallocationofequipment,operationanalysis,andcriticalreview.与计算机系统的安装和开始成功运行相联系的若干步骤。这些步骤包括:可行性论证、应用研究、设备选择、系统分析、所建议的新系统的设计、设备安装场地的选择、运行分析及系统评价。implement

inuse2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）49Implementation实现Thefourthprocessofthefiveprocessesinsoftwareengineering,thatis,theentireprocessofwritingprogramsinaspecificprogramminglanguage,debuggingtheprogramsonamachinetogetcorrectexecutableprogramsaccordingtotheresultsofthedesign.软件工程的五道工序中的第四道工序,即根据设计的结果用一定的编程语言写出程序,在机器上进行调试,以得到正确的可执行的程序的过程。implement

inuse2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）50Structure2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）51Aftertheinventionoftheintegratedcircuit,ittookverylittletimetorealizethetremendousbenefitsofminiaturizingandintegratinglargernumbersoftransistorsintothesameintegratedcircuit.集成电路发明后不久，人们很快就意识到了小型化和将大量晶体管集成到同一块集成电路的巨大好处。

Ittakes(took,willtake)

…timeto…2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）52Reading/writingtechniques2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）53给事物下定义的方法Inshort,atransistorisadevicethat

conductsavariableamountofelectricitythroughit,dependingonhowmuchelectricityisinputtoit.Inotherwords,itisadigitalswitch.However,unlikethevacuumtube,itissolidstate.Thismeansthatitdoesn'tchangeitsphysicalformasitswitches.Therearenomovingpartsinatransistor.2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）54利用主语或表语从句进行强调Thetransistoriswhatstartedtheevolutionofthemoderncomputerindustryinmotion.此句可译为：晶体管（的发明）启动了现代计算机工业的蓬勃发展进程。本句采用what引导的从句做表语，是一种对主语“thetransistor”进行强调的表达方式。其意思相当于：Thetransistorstartedtheevolutionofthemoderncomputerindustryinmotion.2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）55利用主语或表语从句进行强调Whatallowedthecreationofmodernprocessorswastheinventionoftheintegratedcircuit,whichisagroupoftransistorsmanufacturedfromasinglepieceofmaterialandconnectedtogetherinternally,withoutextrawiring.此句可译为：集成电路的发明为现代处理器的诞生创造了条件；集成电路是单片材料制造的一组内部互联的（无额外连线）晶体管。本句采用what引导的从句做主语，是对表语“theinventionoftheintegratedcircuit”的强调。

2025/3/6电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）56Unit

1ElectronicDevices

Lesson2MemoryDevices《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第6版）》Lesson2MemoryDevicesBackgroundsTexttour

LanguageinuseVocabularyStructureReading/writingtechniques2025/3/658TerminologyMOS,PMOS,NMOS,CMOSFlip-flop,RegisterSRAM,DRAM,ROM,EEPROMCAMCacheFerroelectric

Backgrounds2025/3/659Terminology

2025/3/660MOS:Metal-oxidesemiconductor

金属氧化物半导体PMOS:p-typeMetal-oxidesemiconductor p型金属氧化物半导体NMOS:n-typeMetal-oxidesemiconductor n型金属氧化物半导体CMOS:ComplementaryMetal-Oxide-Semiconductor

互补金属氧化物半导体MOS,PMOS,NMOS,CMOS2025/3/661CMOS是一类集成电路的总称。这种集成电路的输出结构由一个n型MOSFEF（金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管）和一个P型MOSFET串联而成。因为n型和p型MOSFET是相互补偿的,所以也常常使用“互补”一词来说明这种集成电路。MOS,PMOS,NMOS,CMOS2025/3/662Aflip-flopisbasicallyabi-statecircuitinwhicheithera0or1statecanresides.Becauseofitssimplicity,theflip-flopisextremelyfast.Asabasicelement,theflip-flopisusedindigitalcircuitsandICs.Aflip-flopwillloseitsstatewhenthesupplyvoltageisremoved.Therefore,itisvolatile.触发器是一种存储“0”或“1”的双态电路。由于触发器结构简单，所以其速度极快。触发器是数字电路和集成电路中的基本部件。由于电源电压去掉后，触发器原有的状态就失去了，因此它是“易失的”。

Flip-flop,Register2025/3/663Aregisterisasetofflip-flopsinparallel.Typicallyaregisteris8,16,32or64bitswide.Oftenaregisterisusedtoholddata,addresspointers,etc.Aregisterisvolatileandveryfastjustliketheflip-flop.寄存器是一组并行触发器。寄存器的典型数据宽度为8位、16位、32位或者64位。寄存器常用于保存数据、地址指针等。和触发器一样，寄存器也是“易失”的，而且速度很快。Flip-flop,Register2025/3/664SRAM:StaticRandomAccessMemoryAnSRAMisanarrayofaddressableflip-flops.Thearraycanbeconfiguredassuchthatthedatacomesoutinsinglebit,4-bit,8bit,andetc.format.SRAMissimple,fastandvolatilejustliketheflip-flop,itsbasicmemorycell.静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)是一种可寻址的触发器阵列。该阵列可配置成1位、4位、8位等数据格式。它和它的基本存储单元触发器一样：结构简单、存取速度快、具有易失的特点。SRAM,DRAM,ROM,EEPROM2025/3/665DRAM：DynamicRandomAccessMemoryTheword´dynamic´indicatesthatthedataisnotheldinaflip-flopbutratherinastoragecell.Thedatainastoragecellmustberefreshed(readoutandre-written)regularlybecauseofleakage.动态随机存取存储器：“动态”这个词意味着数据不是保存在触发器当中，而是保存在一个存储单元中。由于存在泄漏，所以保存在存储单元中的数据必须定期更新（读出并重新写入）。SRAM,DRAM,ROM,EEPROM2025/3/666ROM:ReadOnlyMemoryROMsarealsocalledmask-ROMsormaskprogrammedROMs.ThisisbecauseaROMneedstobeprogrammedbysettingitscellstoeither0or1atthetimeofmanufacture.

只读存储器：也叫做掩模ROM或者掩模编程ROM。这是因为在制造时就需要通过将存储单元置0或置1对其进行编程。

SRAM,DRAM,ROM,EEPROM2025/3/667EEPROM：ElectricallyErasableProgrammableROMThismeansthatthechipcanbeprogrammedlikeanEPROM,butcanbeerasedelectrically.Asaresult,noUVsourceisrequired.EEPROM是指该类芯片可以像EPROM一样可编程，但使用的是电擦除的方法。这样，就不需要紫外线信号源了。

SRAM,DRAM,ROM,EEPROM2025/3/668 CAMisalsoknownas"associativestorage".Itisamemorychipinwhicheachbitpositioncanbecompared.InregularDRAMandSRAMchips,thecontentsareaddressedbybitlocationandthentransferredtothearithmeticlogicunit(ALU)intheCPUforcomparison.InCAMchips,thecontentiscomparedineachbitcell,allowingforveryfasttablelookups.Sincetheentirechipiscompared,thedatacontentcanoftenberandomlystoredwithoutregardtoanaddressingschemewhichwouldotherwiseberequired.However,CAMchipsareconsiderablysmallerinstoragecapacitythanregularmemorychips.CAM:ContentAddressableMemory

2025/3/669Thecacheisatemporarystorageareaforfrequently-accessedorrecently-accesseddata.Havingcertaindatastoredinacachespeedsuptheoperationofthecomputer.Therearetwokindsofcache:internal(ormemorycache)andexternal(ordiskcache).Internalcacheisbuiltintotheprocessor,andexternalcacheisonthemotherboard.Whenanitemiscalledfor,thecomputerfirstcheckstheinternalcache,thentheexternalcache,andfinallytheslowermainstorage.Cache2025/3/670Ferroelectricispertainingtoaphenomenonexhibitedbycertainmaterialsinwhichthematerialispolarizedinonedirectionortheother,orreversedindirectionbytheapplicationofapositiveornegativeelectricfieldofmagnitudegreaterthanacertainamount.Thematerialretainstheelectricpolarizationunlessitisdisturbed.某些材料表现出的一种现象。当在这种材料上施加超过特定强度的电场时,该材料就在一个方向上极化或改变原极化的方向。只要不受干扰,这种材料就一直保持其极化状态。Ferroelectric2025/3/671TexttourOutlineOverview(para.1,2)Flip-flop(para.3)Register(para.4)SRAM(para.5,6,7)DRAM(para.8,9)ROM(para.10,11)EEPROM(para.12)2025/3/672TexttourTypePropertiesR/wNon-volatileSpeedCost/bitFlip-flopOne-bitregister.Usuallyusedasabasicbuildingblockindigitalcircuits.YesNoUltrafastVeryhighRegisterSetofflip-flopsholdingabyte,wordorlongword.UsedincomplexchipssuchasCPUs.YesNoUltrafastVeryhigh2025/3/673TexttourTypePropertiesR/wNon-volatileSpeedCost/bitSRAM

Arrayofflip-flopsthatisaddressable.Usedfortemporarystorageofdataorcache.YesNoVeryfasthighDRAM

Arrayofstoragecellswhichisaddressable.Usedformaincomputingdatastorage.YesNofastModerate2025/3/674TexttourTypePropertiesR/wNon-volatileSpeedCost/bitROMArrayofhard-wiredcellsthatisaddressable.Programmingdoneattimeofchipmanufacture.NoYesVeryfastlowE2PROM

ElectricallyerasableprogrammableROM.Numberofwritecyclesislimited.YesYeslowhigh2025/3/675Vocabularystatic，dynamic，approach，offset,pattern,hybrid

,indicate

Structure

Reading/writing

techniquesLanguageinuse2025/3/676Vocabulary2025/3/677Havingnomotion;beingatrest;quiescent.

静止的；静态的Fixed;stationary.

固定的；不动的Of,relatingto,orproducingstationarycharges;electrostatic.

静电的Of,relatingto,orproducedbyrandomradionoise.

随机无线电噪声的Randomnoise,suchascracklinginareceiverorspecksonatelevisionscreen,producedbyatmosphericdisturbanceofthesignal.

随机噪声Static,dynamic

indictionary

2025/3/678Oforrelatingtoenergyortoobjectsinmotion.

动态的Oforrelatingtothestudyofdynamics.

动力学的Characterizedbycontinuouschange,activity,orprogress:

不断变化的Markedbyintensityandvigor;forceful.

生气勃勃的;有力的Oforrelatingtovariationofintensity,asinmusicalsound.

强度变化的Aforce,especiallypolitical,social,orpsychological:

动力Static,dynamic

indictionary

2025/3/679SRAM(StaticRandomAccessMemory)

静态随机存取存储器DRAM(DynamicRandomAccessMemory)

动态随机存取存储器Static,dynamic

intext

2025/3/680staticelectricity静电staticinduction静电感应staticcontrolcircuit静态控制电路staticamplifier静态放大器dynamiccircuit动态电路dynamiccapacity动态电容Static,dynamic

inuse2025/3/681Tocomenearornearer,asinspaceortime:

接近Tocomeorgonearornearerto:接近，靠近Tocomecloseto,asinappearance,quality,orcondition;approximate:近乎,接近Theperformanceapproachesperfection.Tomakeaproposaloroverturestowithaspecificendinview:

提议：Tobegintodealwithorworkon:

着手,开始处理approachedthetaskwithdread.Approachindictionary

2025/3/682Theactofapproaching:

接近theapproachofnight.夜幕降临Afairlycloseresemblance;anapproximation.

近似；接近Awayormeansofreachingsomething;anaccess:

途径,方法,通路anapproachtothebridge.通向桥的路Themethodusedindealingwithoraccomplishing:

步骤,方法：alogicalapproachtotheproblem.对问题的逻辑解决步骤Anadvanceoroverturemadebyonepersontoanother.

提议，建议Approachindictionary

2025/3/683WithDRAMtechnology，thissimpleapproachisimpossiblesinceaddressingarowofdatawithoutrewritingitwilldestructalldataintherowbecauseofthedynamicnature.对于DRAM存储器，这种简单的存取方法式是不可行的；由于动态的特点，读出一行数据而不再次将其写入会破坏该行内所有的数据。Approachintext

2025/3/684attheapproachof在...快到的时候beapproaching(to)与...差不多,大致相等bedifficultofapproach难到达的;难于接近的beeasyofapproach容易到达的;容易接近的makeanapproachto对...进行探讨makeapproachestosb.设法接近某人approachsb.onsth.向某人接洽approachsb.aboutsth.向某人接洽approachto接近,近似,约等于;做事的方法Approachinuse2025/3/685Approachtosth./doingsth.Waytodosth./ofdoingsth.Methodfordoingsth.Approachinuse2025/3/686Anagent,anelement,orathingthatbalances,counteracts,orcompensatesforsomethingelse.

补偿物、抵消物、中和物Thenumberofmeasuringunitsfromanarbitrarystartingpointinarecord,area,orcontrolblock,tosomeotherpoint.

偏移量Tocounterbalance,counteract,orcompensatefor:

平衡、中和或补偿：fringebenefitsdesignedtooffsetlowsalaries.

用以补偿低工资的额外福利Offsetindictionary

2025/3/687Thedisadvantageoftheextracircuitryrequiredforrefreshingiseasilyoffsetbythelowerpriceperbitwhenusinglargememorysizes.当所需存储量很大时，数据更新需要额外电路这个缺点很容易就被较低的位价格弥补了。Offsetintext

2025/3/688zerooffset零(点)偏移lineoffset行偏移Offsetbinarycode偏移二进制编码Offsetinuse2025/3/689Amodeloranoriginalusedasanarchetype.

原型Apersonorthingconsideredworthyofimitation.

模范，榜样Aplan,diagram,ormodeltobefollowedinmakingthings:

图案，模型、图纸或图形：adresspattern.服装式样Arepresentativesample;aspecimen.

样品，标本Anartisticordecorativedesign:

（艺术或装饰的）图案式样：Patternindictionary

2025/3/690Aconsistent,characteristicform,style,ormethod,as:one'spatternofbehavior.一个人的行为特点Atestpattern.考试模式aflightpattern.飞行着陆道Patternindictionary

2025/3/691Thisaluminumpatternisdefinedbyalithographicmaskusedinoneofthelaststepsofmanufacture.Thereforethesedevicesareoftencalledmask-ROMs.铝层图案是在芯片制造的最后一道工序中由一块掩模平板决定的。所以，该类器件常被称作掩模ROM。

Patternintext

2025/3/692模式Aphysicalarrangementofelementsabitpattern二进制位模式adot-matrixpattern点矩阵模式astoragepattern存储模式Repeatingwithsome

degreeofcorrespondencein

successivetrialsorobservationsapatternofmessagetraffic报文流量模式apatternofhardwarefailures硬件故障模式Patterninuse2025/3/693bitpattern位组合格式beatpattern拍频波形图chargepattern电荷分布图circuitpattern(印刷电路)电路图案Patterninuse2025/3/694Atermsometimesappliedtoa“composite”device;toadeviceincorporatingmultipleelementsofdifferenttype.

用来说明一种“复合型”器件;或修饰由多个不同类型的元件组成共同工作的器件。

Acommonshortformusedfor“hybridcircuit”and“hybridnetwork”mainlyintheplural. “混合电路”和“混合