2025年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷三

2025年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷三[问答题]1.Therearetwodifferentviewsabouthealthcare：oneisthathealthcareshould（江南博哥）befreeforeveryoneandtheotheristhatpeopleshouldpaymedicalcoststhemselves.Youaretogiveyourownopinion.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyouropinion.?正确答案：详见解析参考解析：高分范文FreeHealthCareHealthcarehaslongbeenamajorconcerntothegovernmentandthepublic.Whenitcomestomedicalcharges，somepeoplethinkfreehealthcarecangreatlyimprovetheirqualityoflife.Othersarguethatcoveringthemedicalcostswillimposeaheavyburdenonthegovernment.AsfarasI'mconcerned，peoplehavetherighttoenjoyfreehealthcare.Manyremarkablereasonscontributetomyview.Foronething，citizenshavefulfilledtheirobligationstopaytaxes.Inthemeantime，theyshouldbeentitledtofreepublicserviceslikehealthcare.Foranother，therearestillagreatnumberofpeoplewholiveunderthepovertylinebutneedurgentmedicalcare.Therefore，freemedicalpolicycanextendthecoverageofmedicalcaretomorepeopleandreducethenumberofpeoplewhoriskfinancialruinbecauseofmedicalcosts.Insummary，eachindividualshouldhaveaccesstofreemedicalcare，whichisthebasicsocialwelfare.Andagreaterroleforthegovernmenttoplayinhealthcareshouldbeadvocated.[问答题]2.春节是中国的传统节日，相当于美国的圣诞节。美国小孩能从圣诞老人那里获得圣诞礼物，而中国小孩则能从长辈那里得到“压岁钱(luckymoney)”，这也是每个孩子过年时都热切期盼的礼物。“压岁钱”是长辈送给孩子的护身符(amulet)，表达了长辈对孩子的美好祝福，据说可以使孩子平平安安地度过新的一年。“压岁钱”可在晚辈磕头拜年后当众赏给，也可在除夕夜孩子睡着时，家长偷偷地放在孩子的枕头底下。正确答案：详见解析参考解析：参考译文TheSpringFestival，atraditionalfestivalinChina，isasimportantasChristmasDayinAmerica.JustasAmericanchildrengetChristmaspresentsfromSantaClaus，Chinesekidsgetluckymoneyfromtheirelders，whichisagiftthateverykideagerlylooksforwardtoduringthefestival.Luckymoneyisanamuletthattheeldersgivetotheirkids，expressingtheirbestwishesforthekids.Itissaidthatluckymoneycanmaketheladshaveasafeandpeacefulnewyear.NotonlycanluckymoneybegiventothekidsthemomenttheypayaNewYearcallandkowtowtotheelders，butalsoitcanbesecretlyputunderthepillowbytheeldersafterthekidsfallasleeponNewYear'sEve.共享题干题Athirdoftheplanet'slandisseverelydegradedandfertilesoilisbeinglostattherateof24bntonnesayear，accordingtoanewUnitedNations-backedstudythatcallsforashiftawayfromdestructivelyintensiveagriculture.Thealarming26_____，whichisforecasttocontinueasdemandforfoodandproductivelandincreases，willaddtotherisksofconflictsunless27_____actionsareimplemented，warnstheinstitutionbehindthereport."Asthereadysupplyofhealthyandproductivelanddriesupandthepopulationgrows，competitionis28_____forlandwithincountriesandglobally,"saidexecutivesecretaryoftheUNConventiontoCombatDesertification(UNCCD)atthe.launchoftheGlobalLandOutlook."To29_____thelosses，theOutlooksuggestsitisinallourintereststostepbackandrethinkhowwearemanagingthepressuresandthecompetition."TheGlobalLandOutlookis30_____asthemostcomprehensivestudyofitstype，mappingtheinterlinkedimpactsofurbanization，climatechange，erosionandforestloss.Butthebiggestfactoristhe31_____ofindustrialfarming.Heavytilling，multipleharvestsand32_____useofagrochemicalshaveincreasedyieldsatthe33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[单选题]2.空白处27.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正确答案：N参考解析：空格处于unless引导的条件状语从句中，空格后是名词actions，因此应填入一个形容词修饰从句的主语actions。上文提到，随着对食物和多产土地需求的增加，这一令人担忧的土地数量的减少将会增加冲突。根据语境可推测，为避免这种风险，就应采取相应的补救措施，因此N)remedial“补救的，纠正的”为本题答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[单选题]3.空白处28.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正确答案：H参考解析：空格前是be动词is，分析句子结构可知，空格处可以填入形容词作is的表语，也可以填入动词的分词形式与is一起构成句子的谓语。上文提到，健康、多产的土地供应枯竭，而人口在不断增长，这就势必会导致各国乃至全球对土地的竞争日趋激烈，因此H)intensifying“（使）增强，（使）加剧”为本题答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[单选题]4.空白处29.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正确答案：J参考解析：分析句子结构可知，本句话句子结构完整，再由句首的to不难得出空格所在部分是一个目的状语，故空格处应填入动词原形。上文提到了健康、多产的土地日益减少以及各国乃至全球对土地的竞争愈加激烈，下文提到我们应该后退一步，重新思考如何处理这些压力和竞争。根据语境推测，我们这么做的目的是将上文提到的激烈竞争带来的损失最小化，故J）minimize“最小化，把……减至最低”为本题答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[单选题]5.空白处30.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正确答案：C参考解析：空格前是is，因此空格处应填入动词的分词形式与is一起构成句子谓语，或填入形容词作is的表语。此外，无论填入形容词还是动词的分词形式，都应该能与as搭配使用。空格后提到，该报告描绘了城市化、气候变化、水土流失和森林损失之间相互关联的影响，因此该报告被认为是对土地情况最全面的研究。“bill…as…”是固定搭配，意为“把……宣传为……”，故C）billed为答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[单选题]6.空白处31.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正确答案：F参考解析：空格前是定冠词the，空格后是介词of，因此空格处应填入名词。此处介绍的是导致健康、多产的土地减少的因素，又根据下文提到的重耕多收可知，此处应该指机械化农业的扩张，故F)expansion“增加，扩张”为本题答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[单选题]7.空白处32.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正确答案：B参考解析：空格后是名词use，且分析句子结构可知，and连接三个并列的名词性短语，因此空格处应填入形容词修饰use，且该形容词应与heavy和multiple语义场一致。空格所在句的意思是：三个因素都增加了农业产量，此处指的应是大量使用农用化学品，故B)abundant“充裕的，丰富的”为本题答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[单选题]8.空白处33.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正确答案：G参考解析：空格前是定冠词the，空格后是介词of，因此空格处应填入名词，构成“atthe+名词+of”短语。上文提到，健康、多产的土地大量流失，此处说的是重耕多收以及大量使用农用化学品都增加了农业产量，而这是以我们失去土地长期可持续性发展为代价的，因此G)expense“花费，代价”为本题答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[单选题]9.空白处34.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正确答案：E参考解析：分析句子结构可知，空格所在句缺少谓语，因此应填入动词，且根据主语this及本文时态为现在时可知，该谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数形式。上文提到，机械化农业的扩张导致土地失去可持续发展的能力，再结合下文中的土地被撂荒可知，此处说的是随着时间的推移，土地生产力下降了，故E）diminishes“降低，削弱”为本题答案。the33_____oflong-termsustainability.Inthepast20years，agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled，notesapaperintheOutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime，however，this34_____fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand35_____desertification.[单选题]10.空白处35.应填A.absorbB.abundantC.billedD.declineE.diminishesF.expansionGexpenseHintensifyingIlimitedJminimizeKoccasionallyLoptimizesMrateNremedialOultimately正确答案：O参考解析：分析句子结构可知，本句句子成分完整，因此空格处所填词应作句子的状语，故应填入副词。上文提到，随着时间的推移，土地生产力下降，这会导致土地被撂荒并最终土地沙漠化，因此O）ultimately“最后，最终”为本题答案。TakeNap8atWork.ApologizetoNoOne(A)InthepasttwoweeksI’vetakenthreenapsatwork，atotalofanhourorsoofshut-eyewhileontheclock.AndIhavenoshameoruncertaintyaboutdoingit.Icouldn'tfeelbetteraboutit，andmyproductivityreflectsit，too.(B)Sleepingonthejobisoneofthoseworkplacetaboos—likeleavingyourdeskforlunchortakinganafternoonwalk—thatwe'retaughttolookdownon.Ifsomeonenapsat2p.m.whiletherestofusfuriouslywritememosandrespondtoemails，surelyitmustmeanthey'reslackingoff(偷懒).Orsotheassumptiongoes.(C)Restfulnessandrechargingcantakeabackseattotheperceptionandappearanceofproductivity.It'seasiertostayonavirtualhamster(仓鼠)wheelofactivitybyimmediatelyrespondingtoeveryemailthanitistomeasureaggregateproductivityoveragreaterperiodoftime.Butagrowingfieldofoccupationalandpsychologicalresearchisbuildingthecaseforrestfulnessinpursuitofgreaterproductivity.(D)Companiesaresufferingfromtremendousproductivityproblemsbecausepeoplearestressedoutandnotrecoveringfromtheworkday，saidJoshBersin，principalandfounderofBersinbyDeloitte."They'rebeginningtorealizethatthisistheirproblem，andtheycan'tjustsaytopeople，‘Here'sawork-lifebalancecourse，goteachyourselfhowtomanageyourinbox,'"Mr.Bersinsaid.“It'swaymorecomplicatedthanthat."(E)Tobesure，theabilitytonapatworkisfarfromwidespread，expertssaid.Fewamongushavetheluxuryofbeingabletostepawayforahalf-hoursnoozefest.Butlunchhoursandcoffeebreakscanbegreattimestoduckout，andyourincreasedproductivityandalertnesswillbealltheevidenceyouneedtomakeyourcasetoinquiringbosses.(F)Inanidealworld，we'dallsolvethisproblembyunpluggingearlyandgettingagoodnight'ssleep.Here'sourguideonhowtodojustthat.Butthenextbestthingisstealingawayforaquickpowernapwhenyou'redraggingafterlunch.(G)InastudypublishedinNatureNeuroscience，researcherstestedsubjectsontheirperceptualperformancefourtimesthroughouttheday.Performancedeterioratedwitheachtest，butsubjectswhotooka30-minutenapbetweentestsstoppedthedeteriorationinperformance，andthosewhotooka60-nunutenapevenreversedit.(H)"Napshadthesamemagnitudeofbenefitsasfullnightsofsleepiftheyhadaspecificqualityofnap,"saidSaraMednick，aco-authorofthestudyandassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia，Riverside.(I)Dr.Mednick，asleepresearcherandtheauthorofTakeaNap!ChangeYourLife，saiddaytimenappingcanhavemanyofthebenefitsofovernightsleep，anddifferenttypesofnapsofferspecificbenefits.J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（紧密相连）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使适应）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（头脑昏沉的）thanbefore.[单选题]11.Participants'perceptualperformancebecamebetteraftersleepingonehourbetweentests，accordingtoanarticleinNatureNeuroscience.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）正确答案：G参考解析：由题干中的perceptualperformance和NatureNeuroscience定位到原文G）段。G）段提到，发表在《自然·神经科学》上的研究表明，感知力随着每一次测试而逐渐变差，但在测试之间小睡30分钟的实验对象的感知力停止了恶化，那些睡了60分钟的人的感知力甚至发生了逆转。该段中but之后有两个并列句，分别介绍了两组人的实验结果。由此可知，那些睡了60分钟的人的感知力发生了逆转，也就是睡了60分钟的实验对象的感知力变好了。题干中的participants和becamebetter分别是定位句中subjects和reversed的同义转述，故G)为答案。J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（紧密相连）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使适应）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（头脑昏沉的）thanbefore.[单选题]12.JeromeSiegelfoundthatonlybysleepingsoundlythroughthepreviousrughtcouldpeopletackletheirwearinessduringtheday.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）正确答案：Q参考解析：由题干中的JeromeSiegel和thepreviousnight定位到原文Q)段第一句。定位句提到，西格尔先生表示，解决白天困乏的唯一真正办法始于前一天晚上一整晚的安稳睡眠。题干中的sleepingsoundly和tackletheirwearinessduringtheday分别对应定位句中的asolidnight'ssleep和solvedaytimesleepinessandfatigue，故Q）为答案。J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（紧密相连）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使适应）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（头脑昏沉的）thanbefore.[单选题]13.Ourtalentiscloselylinkedtoworkingwithconcentrationforlongperiodsoftimebecausetechnologymakesusaccessible24/7.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）正确答案：M参考解析：由题干中的concentration、technology和24/7定位到原文M)段。M)段第一句首先发出疑问：我们是如何走到这一步的——天资被牢牢地捆绑在长时间且精神高度集中的工作上？接着第二句回答道：得怪科技，但不要只联想到智能手机和手提电脑；真正的问题是科技已让我们随时能被联系到。题干中的talent和accessible分别是定位句中aptitude和available的同义转述。由此可知，题干是对该段的概括总结，故M）为答案。J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It'sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep，ornon-rapideyemovement(non-REM)sleep.(K)After60minutes，youstartgettingintorapideyemovement(REM)sleep，mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep，dreamingstateweallenjoyatnight.REMsleepcanimprovecreativity，perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking，whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas，Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat，yourbestbetisa90-minutenap，whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.(L)Anynap，however，canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday，expertssaid.(M)Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied（紧密相连）toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology，butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechnologyhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.(N)“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,"Mr.Bersinsaid."Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools，moreemails，moreslack，morechatter，andwe'lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey'vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem，anditisaffectingproductivity，engagement，health，safety，wellnessandallsortsofthings.”(O)Itisn'tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta（午睡）.A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.(P)"They’reactiveinthemorning，thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime，butthey'renotgenerallynapping,"saidJeromeSiegel，professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences，anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy."Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep，andtheysleepthroughthenight.”(Q)Still，Mr.Siegelsaid，"theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight'ssleep.”Therealrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight，whichexpertssayisoptimal.(R)"Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,"Mr.Siegelsaid."Butit'snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”(S)Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning，evenifyoucan'tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight.Thishelpsacclimate（使适应）yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime，regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.(T)Soifyou'vemadeitthisfarandyou'reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here'saquickguidetotheperfectnap：Findaquiet，unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon'tbedisturbed.

·Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp，too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou'relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia（睡眠惰性），whichwillleaveyouevengroggier（头脑昏沉的）thanbefore.[单选题]14.Takinganapatworkisnormallyregardedaslazinessthatshouldbeheldincontemptandavoidedintheworkplace.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK）LL）MM）NN）OO）PP）QQ）RR）SS）TT）正确答案：B参考解析：由题干中的takinganapatwork和workplace定位到原文B)段第一、二句。定位句表明，工作时间小睡是职场禁忌之一——就像离开你的办公桌去吃午饭或者下午散个步一样——都是我们被教导要鄙视的行为。如果有人在下午两点钟小睡一会儿，而我们其他人却在疯狂地写备忘录和回复邮件，毫无疑问，这肯定意味着那些睡午觉的人在偷懒。题干中的laziness对应定位段中的slackingoff;题干中的heldincontempt是对定位句中lookdownon的同义转述，故B）为答案。J)Forexample，Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-nunuten