山东省2025届高三下学期一模考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省2025届高三下学期一模考试英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）ABestLondonwalkingtoursSandemansNewLondonToursGainanattractiveinsightintoLondon’shistory.VisittheCityofLondon,stoppingatStPaul’sCathedralandtheTowerofLondon;exploreEastLondoncoveringBricklane,Cockneycultureandthecriminalunderworld;learnaboutJacktheRipper;orboardonafive-venuepubcrawl.OpeningTimes:Dailyat11:00and14:00CityVisitorTrailTheCityVisitorTrailtakesyouonajourneythroughtheheartofLondon.TakeinfamousattractionssuchasStPaul’sCathedral,Guildhall,theBankofEnglandandtheTowerofLondonortrythethemed“side-tracks”,eachonemovingawayfromthemainpathtogiveamorein-depthlookatonepartofthecity.OpeningTimes:Available24hoursaday,7daysaweek.Checkwithindividualattractionsforentryrequirements.BritMovieToursJoinauniquemovieandTVsightseeingwalkingtourexperienceinLondonandgoonlocationtoseeincrediblesetsandfascinatinglandmarks.Localguidesprovidefascinatinginsightsintotheindustryandtherearemultipletoursavailable,includingDoctorWho,GangsterofLondonandHarryPotterTourofLondonlocations.OpeningTimes:MondaytoFriday9:00amto5:30pmRoyalTourofLondonVisitthreeroyalpalacesasyoujourneyfromBigBentoBuckinghamPalaceandTrafalgarSquare.AlongthewayyouwilldiscoverplotstodestroyParliament,Churchill’shiddenshelter,veryexpensiveclubsfortherichandfamous,andmore.Andifthat’snotenoughexcitement,listencloselyforincredibletalesofman-eatingpelicans(鹈鹕)andcrazylosttourists.ThiswalkingtourisrunbyStrawberryTours.OpeningTimes:Thetourstartsat10ameveryday1.Whichtourisnotavailablefortouristsworkingonweekdays?A.RoyalTourofLondon B.SandemansNewLondonToursC.BritMovieTours D.CityVisitorTrail2.WhatcanbringtouriststhrillontheRoyalTourofLondon?A.Visitingsomefilm-makinglocations B.ListeningtosomeunbelievablelegendsC.Participatinginmakingfilms D.Samplinggoodwine3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelguide B.AnacademicmagazineC.Acoursebrochure D.Abusinessplan【答案】1.C2.B3.A【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍四个不同的伦敦徒步旅行项目。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据BritMovieTours部分中“OpeningTimes:MondaytoFriday9:00amto5:30pm(开放时间：星期一至五上午九时至下午五时三十分)”可知，BritMovieTours在工作日开放，故不适合工作日上班的人，故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据RoyalTourofLondon部分中“Andifthat’snotenoughexcitement,listencloselyforincredibletalesofman-eatingpelicans(鹈鹕)andcrazylosttourists.(如果这还不够刺激，请仔细听关于食人鹈鹕和疯狂迷路的游客的令人难以置信的故事)”可知，听一些传奇故事会带给游客刺激，故选B。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据全文内容以及标题“BestLondonwalkingtours(伦敦最佳徒步游)”可知，文章介绍四个不同的伦敦徒步旅行项目，可能出自旅游指南，故选A。BThenewbuildingoftheSanxingduiMuseumiscrowdedwithvisitors,withmanydrawntoabronzefigurewithatwistedhead.Touristsstoptoadmiretheremarkableartifact(文物),whichwasunearthedbyarchaeologistXuDanyang.AftergraduatingfromPekingUniversity,XuhasbeenworkingfortheSichuanProvincialCulturalRelicsandArchaeologyResearchInstitute,leadingtheexcavationofPitNo4wherethestatuewasfound.The29-year-oldemphasizesthatarchaeologicalexcavationisarduous(艰辛的)buthestillfindsthethrillofdiscoveringnewrelicstobeunforgettable.Toincreaseawarenessofculturalheritagediversity,April18hasbeensetbyUNESCOastheInternationalDayforMonumentsandSites.LikeXu,manyyoungChinesepeoplearetakingonamoresignificantroleinexcavating,exploring,protectingandpromotingculturalrelics.Bornin1992,ZhangBinhasservedasaguideatEmperorQinshihuang’sMausoleumSiteMuseumforover10years.HesetshimselfapartfromotherguidesbyincorporatingtechniquesfromtraditionalChinesecomedyxiangsheng,orcrosstalk,intohisexplanations.Heviewshisroleasnotjustajobbutalegacy,beingthethirdgenerationinhisfamilytoworkwiththeTerracottaWarriors.Hisgrandfatherwasamongthemuseum’sfoundingbuilderswhilehisuncleisaprofessorinanarchaeologicalteambasedthere.Now,it’sZhang’sturntobecomeastorytelleroftheTerracottaWarriors.WuYunjie,aChinesebloggerborninthe1990s,offersfollowersdynamicinsightsintothebeautyofChinesecivilizationthroughhisacclaimed(广受好评的)“nationalculturalrelicsmap”whichhasgoneviralonline.Since2020,Wuhasmarkednearly10,000culturalheritagelocations,includingtemples,ancientpagodas,traditionalresidences,bridgesandtowersonadynamicmap.Dotsofvaryingcolorsrepresentdifferentlevelsofculturalheritageprotectionandmuseumgrades.Together,theyform“themostdistinctcolors”onourland,WutoldthewebsiteoftheEzhougovernment.Lookingahead,Wuaimstorefineandupdatethemapbasedonsuggestionsfrominternetusers,desiringtoeventuallysharethevaluableresourcewithotherhistoryandcultureenthusiasts.4.WhichwordscandescribeXuDanyang’sfeelingaboutarchaeologicalexcavation?A.Annoyingandstruggling. B.Boringbutrewarding.C.Painstakingbutexciting. D.Creativeanddiligent.5.WhatmakesZhangBindifferentfromotherguides?A.OfferingdynamicinsightsintothebeautyofChinesecivilization.B.Integratingcomedytechniquesintohisinterpretation.C.Markingculturalheritagelocationsonadynamicmap.D.Increasingpeople’sawarenessofculturalheritagediversity.6.WhatisWuYunjie’snewvisionforthefuture?A.Toadopttheproposalsofnetizenstorefreshthemap.B.TobecomeastorytelleroftheTerracottaWarriors.C.TocollaboratewithInternetuserstorefinethemap.D.Tomarkmoreheritagelocationsonadynamicmap.7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A.Thesignificanceofpromotingculturalheritage.B.Chineseyoungpeople’seffortstopromoteculturalheritage.C.Theimportanceofincreasingawarenessofculturalheritage.D.Thechallengesofpromotingandprotectingculturalheritage.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国年轻人在文物保护方面的贡献和努力。【4题详析】细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句“The29-year-oldemphasizesthatarchaeologicalexcavationisarduous(艰辛的)buthestillfindsthethrillofdiscoveringnewrelicstobeunforgettable.(这位29岁的年轻人强调，考古发掘工作十分艰辛，但他仍然觉得发现新文物的刺激感令人难忘。)”可知，29岁的徐丹阳强调考古发掘是艰辛的，但他仍然觉得发现新文物的刺激是令人难忘的。因此，可以用“painstakingbutexciting(艰辛但令人兴奋)”来形容徐丹阳对考古发掘的感受。故选C。【5题详析】细节理解题。由文章第二段中“HesetshimselfapartfromotherguidesbyincorporatingtechniquesfromtraditionalChinesecomedyxiangsheng,orcrosstalk,intohisexplanations.(他通过在讲解中融入中国传统喜剧相声的技巧，使自己与其他导游区别开来。)”可知，张斌与其他导游不同之处在于他把喜剧技巧融入到了他的讲解中。故选B。【6题详析】细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Lookingahead,Wuaimstorefineandupdatethemapbasedonsuggestionsfrominternetusers,desiringtoeventuallysharethevaluableresourcewithotherhistoryandcultureenthusiasts.(展望未来，吴云杰计划根据互联网用户的建议对地图进行细化和更新，希望最终能与其他历史和文化爱好者共享这一宝贵资源。)”可知，吴云杰对未来的新愿景是采纳网民的建议来更新地图。故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“Toincreaseawarenessofculturalheritagediversity,April18hasbeensetbyUNESCOastheInternationalDayforMonumentsandSites.LikeXu,manyyoungChinesepeoplearetakingonamoresignificantroleinexcavating,exploring,protectingandpromotingculturalrelics.(为了增强人们对文化遗产多样性的认识，联合国教科文组织将4月18日定为国际古迹和遗址日。像徐丹阳一样，许多中国青年在发掘、探索、保护和推广文化遗产方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。)”可知，文章主要讲述了中国年轻人在文物保护方面的贡献和努力。因此，作者想在文中传达的是中国年轻人在推广文化遗产方面的努力。故选B。CTheU.N.weatheragencyissoundinga“redalert”aboutglobalwarming,citingrecord-smashingincreaseslastyearingreenhousegases,landandwatertemperaturesandmeltingofglaciersandseaice,andiswarningthattheworld’seffortstocompletelychangethetrendhavebeeninadequate.TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationsaidthereisahighprobabilitythat2024willbeanotherrecord-hotyear.The12-monthperiodfromMarch2023toFebruary2024pushedbeyondthat1.5-degreelimit,averaging1.56℃(2.81°F)higher,accordingtotheEuropeanUnion’sCopernicusClimateChangeService.Itsaidthecalendaryear2023wasjustbelow1.5℃at1.48℃(2.66℉),butarecordhotstarttothisyearpushedbeyondthatlevelforthe12-monthaverage.ThelatestWMOfindingsareespeciallyseverewhenputtogetherinasinglereport.In2023,over90%ofoceanwatersexperiencedheatwaveconditionsatleastonce.Glaciersmonitoredsince1950lostthemosticeonrecord.Antarcticseaiceretreatedtoitslowestlevelever.Theimpactofheatwaves,floods,droughts,wildfiresandtropicalcyclones(旋风),worsenedbyclimatechange,wasfeltinlivelihoodsoneverycontinentin2023.ThereportcomesasclimateexpertsandgovernmentministersaretogatherintheDanishcapital,CopenhagenonThursdayandFridaytopressforgreateraction,includingincreasednationalcommitmentstofightglobalwarming.“Eachyeartheclimatestorygetsworse;eachyearWMOofficialsandothersannouncethatthelatestreportisawake-upcalltodecisionmakers,”saidUniversityofVictoriaclimatescientistAndrewWeaver,aformerBritishColumbialawmaker.“Yeteachyear,oncethe24-hournewscycleisover,fartoomanyofourelected‘leaders’returntopartisanbickering(党派争论)andadvancingpolicieswithdemonstrableshort-termoutcomes,”hesaid.“Moreoftenthannoteverythingelseendsuptakingpriorityovertheadvancementofclimatepolicy.Andso,nothinggetsdone.”8.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.PresentingthefindingsofWMO. B.Reportinganotherrecord-hotyear.C.Warningofthecomingnaturaldisaster. D.Analyzingthecauseofclimatechange.9.Whydoestheauthormentionthedatainparagraph2?A.Toindicatetheredalert. B.Tomakeacomparison.C.Toexplain1.5-degreelimit. D.Topresentareality.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“pressfor”mean?A.Pushfor. B.Searchfor.C.Strugglefor. D.Preparefor.11.WhatcanbeinferredfromAndrewWeaver’swords?A.Theelectedleadersattachgreatimportancetoglobalwarming.B.Hepersuadestheelectedleaderstomakeclimatepolicy.C.Theelectedleadersdon’ttakeclimatepolicyseriously.D.Agreatbreakthroughhasmadewithjointefforts.【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了联合国气象机构关于全球变暖的“红色警报”，指出去年温室气体、陆地和水温以及冰川和海冰融化的记录创历史新高，并警告世界在完全改变这一趋势方面的努力不足。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“TheU.N.weatheragencyissoundinga“redalert”aboutglobalwarming,citingrecord-smashingincreaseslastyearingreenhousegases,landandwatertemperaturesandmeltingofglaciersandseaice,andiswarningthattheworld’seffortstocompletelychangethetrendhavebeeninadequate.TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationsaidthereisahighprobabilitythat2024willbeanotherrecord-hotyear(联合国气象机构就全球变暖发出了“红色”预警，指出去年温室气体增加、陆地和水温上升以及冰川和海冰融化均创下了新记录，并警告说，全世界为彻底改变这一趋势所做的努力还不够。世界气象组织表示，2024年很有可能会是又一个破纪录的炎热年份)”以及最后一段““Eachyeartheclimatestorygetsworse;eachyearWMOofficialsandothersannouncethatthelatestreportisawake-upcalltodecisionmakers,”saidUniversityofVictoriaclimatescientistAndrewWeaver,aformerBritishColumbialawmaker.“Yeteachyear,oncethe24-hournewscycleisover,fartoomanyofourelected‘leaders’returntopartisanbickering(党派争论)andadvancingpolicieswithdemonstrableshort-termoutcomes,”hesaid.“Moreoftenthannoteverythingelseendsuptakingpriorityovertheadvancementofclimatepolicy.Andso,nothinggetsdone.”(维多利亚大学气候科学家、前不列颠哥伦比亚省立法者安德鲁·韦弗（AndrewWeaver）表示：“每年气候情况都变得更糟；每年世界气象组织（WMO）的官员和其他人士都会宣布，最新的报告是对决策者们的一记警钟。然而，每年一旦24小时的新闻周期结束，我们太多民选的‘领导人’就回到党派争论和推行有明显短期效果的政策上。更多的时候，其他所有事情的优先级都高于推进气候政策。因此，什么也做不成。”)”可知，本文主要介绍了联合国气象机构关于全球变暖的“红色警报”，指出去年的相关数据创历史新高，且世界在改变这一趋势方面的努力不足，可推理出本文的目的是报道另一创纪录的高温年，故选B项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“The12-monthperiodfromMarch2023toFebruary2024pushedbeyondthat1.5-degreelimit,averaging1.56℃(2.81°F)higher,accordingtotheEuropeanUnion’sCopernicusClimateChangeService.Itsaidthecalendaryear2023wasjustbelow1.5℃at1.48℃(2.66℉),butarecordhotstarttothisyearpushedbeyondthatlevelforthe12-monthaverage(欧盟哥白尼气候变化服务局表示，从2023年3月到2024年2月的12个月期间，气温超过了1.5摄氏度的限制，平均气温高出1.56摄氏度（2.81华氏度）。该机构称，2023年全年的平均气温为1.48摄氏度（2.66华氏度），略低于1.5摄氏度，但今年创纪录的高温开局将12个月的平均水平推高到了这一水平之上)”可知，该段具体阐述了2023年3月至2024年2月这12个月的平均气温以及2023年全年的平均气温，这些数据都是为了支撑第一段中提到的联合国气象机构的“红色警报”，即表明全球变暖的严峻形势，发出红色警报，故选A项。【10题详析】词义猜测题。根据第四段“ThereportcomesasclimateexpertsandgovernmentministersaretogatherintheDanishcapital,CopenhagenonThursdayandFridayto…greateraction,includingincreasednationalcommitmentstofightglobalwarming(这份报告发布之际，气候专家和政府部长们将于周四和周五齐聚丹麦首都哥本哈根，……采取更有力的行动，包括加大各国对抗全球变暖的承诺)”可知，气候专家和政府部长们将于周四和周五在丹麦首都哥本哈根举行会议，目的是推动采取更有力的行动，包括加大对应对全球变暖的国家承诺。可推理出“pressfor”在此处表示“推动，力争”，与“Pushfor”意思相近，故选A项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Yeteachyear,oncethe24-hournewscycleisover,fartoomanyofourelected‘leaders’returntopartisanbickering(党派争论)andadvancingpolicieswithdemonstrableshort-termoutcomes(然而，每年一旦24小时的新闻周期结束，我们太多民选的“领导人”便回到党派纷争中，去推行那些有明显短期效果的政策)”可知，每年一旦24小时的新闻周期结束，太多的当选“领导人”又回到党派争论中，推行那些明显具有短期效果的政策，由此可推断出，当选的领导人并没有认真对待气候政策，故选C项。DTheconstructionsiteofthefutureisalreadyhereashomes,officebuildingsandindustrialsitesgouparoundthecountry.Robotsthatcanlaybricks,putupdrywallandtierebar(钢筋)areengaginginatatimewhentheconstructionindustryisinmajortransformation.Meanwhile,start-upsarepouringevenmoreresourcesintothefield,includingbuildingrobotsthatsurveyandmonitoraswellasheavymachinerythatcanoperateonitsown.Theyarehopingtoautomateacomplicatedfieldinvolvingmovingpartsandvastlydifferentsitesandbuildings.Fuelingthewaveoninnovationisaconstructioncrisis.Buildingcostsarerising,andhundredsofthousandsofjobsremainunfilled.Thosewhoareintheindustryaregettingolderandworkingundersometimesdeadlyconditions.Consequently,federalmoneyispouringintobuildbetterinfrastructure.Theconfluence(汇合)offactorshavecreatedasituationwheremoreconstructionfirmsareturningtorobotstoautomateworkonjobsites.Still,theburstofactivitycausedseveralworkforceexpertstobecomeconcernedthatitcouldleadtojoblossesorasituationwherepeoplewhoworkalongsidetheserobotsareleftworkingmorequicklyandinmoreunsafeworkenvironments.Robotsarenostrangerintheindustry.Amazonusesalotofrobotsinitsoperations,fromtheRoomba-likeKivathatmovespackages,toSparrow,whichgraspsthingswithhumanlikeflexibility.Butthedynamicsinconstructionhavebeendifferent,Johnson-Robersonsaid.Thehome-buildingindustryhasbeenslower,becausemuchofthetasksrequirefinemotorcontrol,whichrobotshavehadahardertimedoing,headded.NikTheodore,thedirectoroftheCenterforUrbanEconomicDevelopmentattheUniversityofIllinoisinChicago,saidtherobotscouldholdpromiseiftheycanautomatetheofteninjury-sufferinganddeadlytasksconstructionworkershave“inaverydangerousindustrywithlargenumbersofdeaths.”Buttheconcern,hesaid,is“thetemptation(诱惑)”forautomationtospeedupjobtasksandincreaseworkerexhaustion,leadingtoasituationwhereburnoutandinjuriesoccurmore,notless.12.Whyarestart-upsinvestingresourcesintotheconstructionfield?A.Toreplacehumans’work. B.Tomonitorconstructionworkers.C.Tosurveytheapplicationoftherobots. D.Toachieveautomationinthefield.13.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?A.Robotscanonlybeappliedtosomebig-scaleprojects.B.Home-buildingindustryneedshumanworkers’involvement.C.Big-scaleprojectsneedtrainingrobotsratherthanhumanworkers.D.Robotshaveanadvantageoverhumanworkersintheconstruction.14.WhatisNikTheodore’sattitudetowardstherobots?A.Objective. B.Critical.C.Promising. D.Subjective.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thepopularityoftherobots.B.Thedevelopmentoftherobotsintheindustry.C.Theapplicationofrobotsinbuildinghouses.D.Theriseoftheconstructionindustry.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在建筑行业引入机器人的现状、好处及可能引起的问题。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theyarehopingtoautomateacomplicatedfieldinvolvingmovingpartsandvastlydifferentsitesandbuildings.(他们希望在一个涉及移动部件和截然不同的场地和建筑物的复杂领域实现自动化)”可知，初创企业大力投资建筑领域是为了实现该领域的自动化。故选D。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Thehome-buildingindustryhasbeenslower,becausemuchofthetasksrequirefinemotorcontrol,whichrobotshavehadahardertimedoing.(住宅建筑业发展较慢，因为许多任务需要精细的运动控制，而这对机器人来说更难)”可推知，住宅建筑业需要人类工人的参与。故选B。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“NikTheodore,thedirectoroftheCenterforUrbanEconomicDevelopmentattheUniversityofIllinoisinChicago,saidtherobotscouldholdpromiseiftheycanautomatetheofteninjury-sufferinganddeadlytasksconstructionworkershave“inaverydangerousindustrywithlargenumbersofdeaths.”Buttheconcern,hesaid,is“thetemptation(诱惑)”forautomationtospeedupjobtasksandincreaseworkerexhaustion,leadingtoasituationwhereburnoutandinjuriesoccurmore,notless.(芝加哥伊利诺伊大学城市经济发展中心主任尼克·西奥多表示，如果机器人能够将建筑工人在“一个死亡人数众多的非常危险的行业”中经常受伤和致命的任务自动化，那么机器人就会带来希望。但他表示，令人担忧的是，自动化“很容易”加速工作任务，增加工人的疲劳，导致精疲力竭和受伤的情况发生得更多，而不是更少)”可知，尼克·西奥多对于机器人的态度是客观的。故选A。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Robotsthatcanlaybricks,putupdrywallandtierebar(钢筋)areengaginginatatimewhentheconstructionindustryisinmajortransformation.(在建筑行业发生重大变革的时候，可以砌砖、贴干墙和绑钢筋的机器人正在参与进来)”并结合下文可知，文章主要介绍了机器人在房屋建造中的应用。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Psychologistshavedefinednostalgia(怀旧)asaself-conscious,socialemotion,bittersweetbutprimarilypositive.____16____.Oftennostalgiainvolvessensorystimuli.Forexample,thesmellofautumnleavesmightarouseanintenselongingforyourchildhoodhome.____17____.Itinvolvesmanypartsofthebrain,includingsomethatareinvolvedinself-reflection,autobiographicalmemory,emotionalregulations,andrewardprocessing.Nostalgiawasoriginallyviewedasanemotionaldiseasewhenitwasfirstdefinedinthelate17thcentury.And,crucially,itoftenoccurswhenpeopleareexperiencingnegativemoodsorhavingbadexperiences.____18____,asresearchersfoundin2008.Anotherisbadweather.However,despiteitsassociationwithnegativeemotions,nostalgiadoesnotcauseorworsenunhappiness.____19____,onethatbringsrelieffromanegativemood.PsychologistswritingintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyin2006foundthatarousingnostalgiainexperimentsstrengthenedpeople’ssocialbonds,andboostedtheirpositivefeelingsaboutthemselves.Scholarsaren’tsureexactlywhynostalgiaworks;somehavespeculatedthatreminiscing(追忆)abouthappymemoriesaffirms“valuedaspectsoftheself”insituationswhenwemightotherwisefeellonelyorunworthy.Nomatterhownostalgiaworks,thesciencetodatefindsmorethanenoughevidencetoconcludethatitisgoodforus.____20____,sowe’rebetterpreparedtocopewithbadmoodswhentheyarise.A.Rather,nostalgiaisadefenseresponsetounhappinessB.AlmosteveryoneexperiencesnostalgiaC.Givenitsbenefits,wecouldallgainfromcultivatingitconsciouslyD.ItdevelopsoutofhappymemoriesmixedwithadesiredforthepastE.NeuroscientistshavefoundthatitisacomplexcognitivephenomenonF.NostalgiaisofgreatsignificancetomentalhealthG.Lonelinesscanbeatrigger【答案】16.D17.E18.G19.A20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了怀旧的定义、普遍体验、历史看法、积极作用及原因，指出怀旧是对不幸的一种防御反应，能带来情感慰藉，帮助人们度过困难时期。【16题详析】前文“Psychologistshavedefinednostalgia(怀旧)asaself-conscious,socialemotion,bittersweetbutprimarilypositive.(心理学家将怀旧定义为一种自我意识的社会情感，苦乐参半，但主要是积极的)”对怀旧进行了定义，说明怀旧是一种苦乐参半但主要是积极的自我意识的社会情感。空处需要承接怀旧的定义，进一步说明怀旧的特点或来源。D项“怀旧源于快乐的记忆与对过去的渴望”进一步说明怀旧的性质,与前文的定义紧密相连。故选D。【17题详析】前文“Oftennostalgiainvolvessensorystimuli.Forexample,thesmellofautumnleavesmightarouseanintenselongingforyourchildhoodhome.(怀旧常常涉及感官刺激。例如，秋天落叶的气味可能会唤起你对童年家的强烈思念)”提到怀旧常常涉及感官刺激，结合后文“Itinvolvesmanypartsofthebrain,includingsomethatareinvolvedinself-reflection,autobiographicalmemory,emotionalregulations,andrewardprocessing.(它涉及大脑的许多部分，包括那些参与自我反思、自传体记忆、情绪调节和奖励处理的部分)”推断，E项“神经科学家发现，怀旧是一种复杂的认知现象”符合语境，进一步说明怀旧的机制。与后文提到的“涉及大脑的多个部分”相呼应。故选E。【18题详析】前文“And,crucially,itoftenoccurswhenpeopleareexperiencingnegativemoodsorhavingbadexperiences.(而且，至关重要的是，当人们处于负面情绪或经历不良体验时，怀旧常常会发生)”提到怀旧通常发生在人们经历负面情绪或不良体验时，说明怀旧出现的时机。空处需要列举触发怀旧的具体情境，G项“孤独可以触发怀旧”符合语境，说明具体的触发因素。与前文提到的“负面情绪或不良体验”相关，提供了具体的例子。故选G。【19题详析】前文“However,despiteitsassociationwithnegativeemotions,nostalgiadoesnotcauseorworsenunhappiness.(然而，尽管怀旧与负面情绪有关，但它并不会导致或加剧不快乐)”提到怀旧不会导致或加剧不快乐，结合后文的介绍“onethatbringsrelieffromanegativemood(一种能缓解负面情绪的反应)”可知，空处需要承接怀旧对情绪的实际作用，A项“相反，怀旧是一种对不快乐的防御反应”进一步说明怀旧的作用，怀旧是一种对不快乐的防御反应，与前文提到的“不会导致或加剧不快乐”相呼应。故选A。【20题详析】前文“Nomatterhownostalgiaworks,thesciencetodatefindsmorethanenoughevidencetoconcludethatitisgoodforus.(不管怀旧是如何起作用的，迄今为止的科学研究已经发现了足够多的证据来证明怀旧对我们有好处)”提到怀旧对我们的益处，结合后文“sowe’rebetterpreparedtocopewithbadmoodswhentheyarise.(因此我们就能更好地应对情绪低落时的困境)”可推断，空处需要承接前文，提出基于这些好处的建议或结论，C项“鉴于其益处，我们都可以通过有意识地培养怀旧情绪而获益”承接前文怀旧有益的内容，给出了相应的建议，符合语境。故选C。第三部分语言应用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasNewYear’sNight.Anagedmanwasstandingatawindow.Hehadbroughtfromhisjourneynothingbuterrorsand____21____.Thedaysofhisyouthappearedlikedreamsbeforehim,andhe____22____theseriousmomentwhenhisfatherplacedhimatthe____23____ofthetworoads—oneleadingtoapeaceful,sunnyplace,coveredwithflowers;theotherleadingtoadeep,darkcave,whichwas____24____.Helookedtowardstheskyandcried____25____,“Oyouth,return!Omyfather,placemeoncemoreattheentrancetolife,andI’llchoosethebetterway!”Butbothhisfatherandthedaysofhis____26____hadpassedaway.Theclockinthehighchurchtower____27____andthesoundmadehimrememberhisparents’earlyloveforhim.Theyhadtaughthimand____28____toGodforhisgood.Buthechosethewrongway.His____29____eyeswerefulloftears,andwitha_____30_____effort,he_____31_____outacry:“Comeback,myearlydays!Comeback!”Andhisyouthdid_____32_____,forallthiswasonlyadreamwhichhehadonNewYear’sNight.Thosewhostill_____33_____theentranceoflife,_____34_____tochoosethebrightroad,rememberthatwhenyearsarepassedandyourfeetstumbleonthedarkmountains,youwillcrybitterly,but_____35_____.21.A.determination B.regret C.power D.satisfaction22.A.recalled B.chose C.struggled D.expected23.A.end B.middle C.side D.entrance24.A.bright B.visible C.endless D.available25.A.painfully B.worriedly C.cautiously D.cheerfully26.A.hope B.bitterness C.honor D.youth27.A.knocked B.struck C.beat D.disappeared28.A.whispered B.prayed C.smiled D.explained29.A.brightened B.deepened C.widened D.darkened30.A.promising B.outstanding C.despairing D.satisfying31.A.burst B.gave C.carried D.dropped32.A.ignore B.guide C.return D.prove33.A.submitto B.breakthrough C.contributeto D.lingeron34.A.hesitating B.deciding C.approaching D.approving35.A.givein B.breakdown C.invain D.incase【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A26.D27.B28.B29.D30.C31.A32.C33.D34.A35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过记叙一个年轻人在新年之夜做梦梦到自己晚年生活，非常后悔自己在年轻时没有听从父亲的劝告，走正确的人生道路。以此文章来告诫犹豫不决的年轻人要选择正确的道路。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从人生旅程中带回的只有错误和遗憾。A.determination决心；B.regret遗憾；C.power权利，势力；D.satisfaction满足。and连接并列成分，由error可知，regret符合语境。下文“placemeoncemoreattheentrancetolife,andI’llchoosethebetterway”可知，老人想要重新选择更好的道路，说明他对自己之前的选择感到遗憾。故选B。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他青春的日子如梦在他面前显现，他回忆起父亲把他放在两条路的入口时的严肃时刻——一条通向一个和平、阳光明媚、开满鲜花的地方；另一条则通向一个深邃、黑暗的洞穴，那是无尽的。A.recalled回忆；B.chose选择；C.struggled挣扎；D.expected期待。根据上文“Thedaysofhisyouthappearedlikedreamsbeforehim(他的青春岁月在他面前像做梦一样出现)”可知，此处指他回忆起了过去的事情。故选A。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.end结束，末尾；B.middle中间；C.side一边；D.entrance入口。根据下文“oneleadingtoapeaceful,sunnyplace,coveredwithflowers;theotherleadingtoadeep,darkcave,whichwas_______.”以及“placemeoncemoreattheentrancetolife”可知，此处指两条路的入口。故选D。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.bright明亮的；B.visible可见的；C.endless无尽的；D.available可用的。根据上文“adeep,darkcave”可知，洞穴黑暗没有尽头。故选C。【25题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他望着天空，痛苦地喊道：“哦，青春，回来！哦，我的父亲，再把我放在生命的入口处，我会选择更好的道路！”A.painfully痛苦地；B.worriedly担心地；C.cautiously谨慎地；D.cheerfully愉快地。根据下文“I’llchoosethebetterway!”可知，老人后悔没有选择更好的路，可推理出此刻他很痛苦。故选A。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是他的父亲和他的青春岁月都已经过去了。A.hope希望；B.bitterness苦涩；C.honor荣誉；D.youth青春。根据上文“Oyouth,return!”以及下文“hedarednolongerlooktowardsthatheavenwherehisfatherlived”可知，此处讲述他的青春岁月和父亲都已经逝去了。故选D。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：教堂高塔上的大钟敲响了，声音使他想起了父母早年对他的爱。A.knocked敲(门等)；B.struck(钟)敲响；C.beat(心脏等)跳动，击打；D.disappeared消失。根据句子主语“Theclock”以及下文“thesoundmadehimrememberhisparents’earlyloveforhim”可知，这里描述的是大钟敲响的情景。故选B。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们教导他，为他的好而向上帝祈祷。A.whispered低语；B.prayed祈祷；C.smiled微笑；D.explained解释。根据下文“toGodforhisgood”可知，他的父母为他好而向上帝祈祷。故选B。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他黯淡的双眼噙满了泪水，在绝望中，他嘶声高喊：“回来吧，我那逝去的年华！”A.brightened变亮的；B.deepened加深的；C.widened扩大的；D.darkened变黑的，黯淡的。根据下文“werefulloftears”并结合语境可知，老人后悔选错路，此时他的眼睛应是黯淡无光、充满悔恨的。故选D。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.promising有希望的；B.outstanding杰出的；C.despairing绝望的；D.satisfying令人满意的。根据上文“Oyouth,return!Omyfather,placemeoncemoreattheentrancetolife,andI’llchoosethebetterway!”可知，老人后悔自己的选择，知道青春和机会都已不再，此时是绝望的。故选C。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.burst突然发出，爆发；B.gave给；C.carried携带；D.dropped丢下。根据下文“Comeback,myearlydays!Comeback!”可知，老人突然大喊一声，希望青春岁月回来。故选A。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的青春真的回来了，因为这一切只是一个梦，他在新年之夜做的梦。A.ignore忽视；B.guide引导；C.return返回；D.prove证明。根据下文“forallthiswasonlyadream”可知，这仅仅是一个梦，他依然年轻，可推理此处说的是他的青春确实回来了。故选C。【33题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：那些仍在人生的十字路口徘徊，犹豫不决是否要选择光明之路的人，请记住：当岁月流逝，你在黑暗的困境中步履蹒跚时，你会悲痛欲绝地哭泣，然而一切都已徒劳。A.submitto屈服于；B.breakthrough突破；C.contributeto贡献于；D.lingeron徘徊。结合下文“theentranceoflife”可知，这里是指仍在人生路口徘徊，犹豫选择哪条路的人们。故选D。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.hesitating犹豫；B.deciding决定；C.approaching接近；D.approving批准。结合上文讲述以及“tochoosethebrightroad”可知，是指仍在人生路口徘徊，还在犹豫选择哪条路。故选A。【35题详析】考查动词和介词短语辨析。句意：同上。A.givein屈服；B.breakdown崩溃；C.invain徒劳；D.incase以防。根据上文“rememberthatwhenyearsarepassedandyourfeetstumbleonthedarkmountains,youwillcrybitterly”可知，此处讲述青春逝去不会再回来，所以痛苦地呼喊也只是徒劳的。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MabianDafengdingNatureReserveislocatedinMabianYiAutonomousCounty,____36____isabout400kilometersawayfromChengdu,SichuaProvince.ThegeographicallocationofMabianDafengdingNatureReservecontributesto____37____(it)breathtakingbeautyandeco