河南省许平汝名校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省许平汝名校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourBestPlantstoGiveasGiftsChoosingagiftforsomeoneisalwaysachallenge.Givingplantsisonewaytotryiftherecipientisalreadyaplant-lover.Herearesomesuretoimpressasthoughtfulgifts.JadePlantThejadeplantisalargesucculent(肉质植物)thatmakesaperfectgiftforsomeonewho’smasteredparentingsucculents.Withawoodystem(茎),itlookslikeatreeoncegrowingtallenough.Besidesoccasionalwateringandabrightwindow,thejadeplanthasfewotherrequirements.Agoodchallengeforambitiousownersistoregularlycutoffitsheavyleavestoreduceweight.ChristmasCactusThisisasucculentwitheye-catchingflowersthatappearinwinter.Youmightassumeitapickyplant,butnothingcouldbefurtherthanthetruth.Itprefersbright,indirectlightandgrowswellinaveragepottingsoil.Thisplantprefersasteadywateringschedule,especiallyinwinter.Toencouragemoregrowth,plantitinahangingcontainerthatallowsitsbranchestohangdown.PaperwhiteSomepeoplejustaren’tinterestedinkeepinghouseplantsaroundlong-term,andpaperwhiteflowersareanexcellentgiftforanyoneyouknowwhofitsthismould.Paperwhitesgrowfrombulbs(鳞茎)andwillproduceflowersoutofseason.Therootsneedtobekeptrelativelydamp,butoncetheyareblooming(开花),there’snotmuchthatcangowrong.Theycanbereplantedoutsideaftertheyhaveruntheircourse.CornPlantThecornplantisforgivingofvariablelightconditionsandwateringroutines.Itgrowsslowly,butcanreachaheightoffourtosixfeet,andcanmakeanimpressivefloorplant.Itsleavesturnpalerindirectsunlighttoreflecttheextralight,anddarkergreeninshadyconditionstomaximizesunlightabsorption.1.Whichplantrequirespractisedgardeningexperience?A.Jadeplant. B.Christmascactus. C.Paperwhite. D.Cornplant.2.HowcanwehelpaChristmascactusgrowwell?A.Byreplantingitoutsidebeforeblooming. B.Bywateringitregularlyduringblooming.C.Bycuttingoffmostofitsheavyleaves. D.Bymakingitsbranchesgrowupwards.3.Whataffectsthecolourofleavesofacornplant?A.Thefrequencyofwatering. B.Itsfloweringtime.C.Itsrateofgrowing. D.Theamountofsunlight.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四种最适合作为礼物的植物。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据JadePlant介绍中的第一句“Thejadeplantisalargesucculentthatmakesaperfectgiftforsomeonewho’smasteredparentingsucculents.(玉石植物是一种大型多肉植物，对于那些精通多肉植物的人来说，这是一个完美的礼物)”可知，Jadeplant是一种大型多肉植物，需要熟练的园艺经验。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据ChristmasCactus介绍中的第一句“Thisisasucculentwitheye-catchingflowersthatappearinwinter.(这是一种多肉植物，在冬天开着引人注目的花)”和第四句“Thisplantprefersasteadywateringschedule,especiallyinwinter.(这种植物喜欢固定的浇水时间，尤其是在冬天)”可知，在冬季规律浇水能帮助圣诞仙人掌长得好。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据CornPlant介绍中的最后一句“Itsleavesturnpalerindirectsunlighttoreflecttheextralight,anddarkergreeninshadyconditionstomaximizesunlightabsorption.(它的叶子在阳光直射下变浅以反射额外的光线，在阴暗的条件下变深绿色，以最大限度地吸收阳光)”可知，光照量会影响玉米叶子的颜色。故选D。BCreightonisnostrangertothemedia.HewasthefaceofaTVseries,whichremainspopularforitsbehind-the-sceneslookattheupsanddownsofzoolife.Hewasoftenstoppedonthestreet,andisregularlycalled“themanfromthezoo”.Creighton’sfatherandhisbrotheralsoworkedatDublinZoo.“Idon’teverremembernotbeinginthezoo,”hesaid.Creighton’spassionforanimalwelfareisclear,andnotsomethingthathasreducedovertheyears—forhim,orhisfather.Justafewhoursearlierhewasatthevet’swithhisfatherwheretheir15-year-oldGermanshepherdhadtobeputtosleep.“Foranyzookeeper,losingananimalislikelosingapartofyourself,”saidCreighton.Hehasbeenpresentfortheeuthanasiaofanoldlion,whichreducedmanyzookeeperstheretotears.Hewaspresentforthedeathofachimpanzeeinher50swhobothCreightonandhisfatherhadcaredforovertheyears.Healsodescribedthedeathofarhino,whichescapedfromatransportcontainerin1996,assomethinggut-wrenching.InJanuary2021,heleftDublinZooandstartedhisownconsultancyagency,GlobalElephantCare.Heisworkingondevelopingelephantcareandenclosures(围场)inFrance,theUK,theUS,Israel,AustraliaandtheUnitedArabEmirates,whereelephantswillhaveairconditioningtosavethemfromthe50-degreeheat.Heisalsoworkingonprojectstomanagethegradualreleaseofelephantsbackintothewild,butneverthelesstalksstraightlyabouttheirsituation.Thereareabout40,000Asianelephantsleftintheworld.Inanhour,therewillprobablybefiveorsixAfricanelephantskilledfortheirivory.Despitethecruelrealityforelephantsaroundtheworld,withincreasinghumanencroachment(侵占)ontheirnaturalhabitat,Creightonfacesitwithasmile.4.WhyisCreightonfamiliartomedia?A.HewasinvolvedinaTVprogram.B.Hefilmedadocumentaryonthepeople.C.Hepostedhisworklifeinthezooonline.D.Hewasthezookeeperofthepopularzoo.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gut-wrenching”inparagraph3mean?A.Tooproud. B.Greatlycheerful.C.Quitehelpless. D.Extremelyupset.6.WhatisCreighton’spurposeofestablishingGlobalElephantCare?A.Toraisemoneytohelpelephants.B.Toguaranteetheelephants’welfare.C.Tomanagetheelephantsinthewild.D.Toimproveelephants’livingconditions.7.WhatcanbeusedtodescribeCreighton?A.Efficientandjust. B.Sociableandloyal.C.Caringandoptimistic. D.Sensitiveandmean.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了克里顿这位前动物园工作人员的故事，以及他对动物福祉的深厚情感和他在动物保护方面的工作。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Creightonisnostrangertothemedia.HewasthefaceofaTVseries,whichremainspopularforitsbehind-the-sceneslookattheupsanddownsofzoolife.(克里顿对媒体并不陌生，他曾经是某电视剧的主角，该剧通过幕后的视角展示了动物园生活的起起伏伏，至今仍然很受欢迎)”可知，克里顿对媒体并不陌生的原因是他曾经参加过一个电视节目，故选A项。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词上文“Hehasbeenpresentfortheeuthanasiaofanoldlion,whichreducedmanyzookeeperstheretotears.Hewaspresentforthedeathofachimpanzeeinher50swhobothCreightonandhisfatherhadcaredforovertheyears.Healsodescribedthedeathofarhino,whichescapedfromatransportcontainerin1996,as(他目睹了一头老狮子的安乐死，这让那里的许多动物园管理员都流下了眼泪。一只50多岁的黑猩猩去世时，克雷顿和他的父亲多年来一直在照顾它。他还将1996年一头从运输集装箱中逃脱的犀牛的死亡描述为)”可知，犀牛从从运输集装箱中逃脱后死亡，这让克里顿感到很难过。由此推知，第三段划线部分的含义为“非常难过的”。故选D项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Heisworkingondevelopingelephantcareandenclosures(围场)inFrance,theUK,theUS,Israel,AustraliaandtheUnitedArabEmirates,whereelephantswillhaveairconditioningtosavethemfromthe50-degreeheat.Heisalsoworkingonprojectstomanagethegradualreleaseofelephantsbackintothewild.(他正在法国、英国、美国、以色列、澳大利亚和阿联酋等地致力于大象护理和圈养设施的发展，在这些地方，大象将拥有空调以抵御高达50度的酷热。他还致力于开展逐步释放大象回归野外项目的管理工作)”可推知，建立全球大象护理中心的目的是为了确保大象的福祉，而大象的福祉包括但不限于充足的食物供给、适宜的生活条件和环境、社会结构的维持、安全以及健康。故选B项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Heisworkingondevelopingelephantcareandenclosures(围场)inFrance,theUK,theUS,Israel,AustraliaandtheUnitedArabEmirates,whereelephantswillhaveairconditioningtosavethemfromthe50-degreeheat.Heisalsoworkingonprojectstomanagethegradualreleaseofelephantsbackintothewild.(他正在法国、英国、美国、以色列、澳大利亚和阿联酋等地致力于大象护理和圈养设施的发展，在这些地方，大象将拥有空调以抵御高达50度的酷热。他还致力于开展逐步释放大象回归野外项目的管理工作)”可推知，克里顿是一个有关爱之心的人。根据最后一段“Despitethecruelrealityforelephantsaroundtheworld,withincreasinghumanencroachment(侵占)ontheirnaturalhabitat,Creightonfacesitwithasmile.(尽管世界各地的大象面临着残酷的现实，随着人类对其自然栖息地的日益侵占，克里顿还是微笑着面对)”可推知，克里顿是一个乐观的人。故选C项。CAnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.“Formanydecades,scientiststhoughtthebrainmaybeprotectedfromtheharmfuleffectsofairpollution,”saidseniorstudyauthorDr.ChrisCarlsten.“Thisstudy,whichisthefirstofitskindintheworld,providesfreshevidencesupportingaconnectionbetweenairpollutionandcognition.”Forthestudy,theresearchersbrieflyexposed25healthyadultstodieselexhaust(柴油废气)andfilteredairatdifferenttimesinalaboratorysetting.Brainactivitywasmeasuredbeforeandaftereachexposureusingfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI).Theresearchersanalyzedchangesinthebrain’sdefaultmodenetwork(DMN),asetofinter-connectedbrainregionsthatplayanimportantroleinmemoryandinternalthought.ThefMRIrevealedthatparticipantshaddecreasedfunctionalconnectivityinwidespreadregionsoftheDMNafterexposuretodieselexhaust,comparedtofilteredair.“WeknowthatalteredfunctionalconnectivityintheDMNhasbeenassociatedwithreducedcognitiveperformanceandsymptomsofdepression,soit’sconcerningtoseetrafficpollutioninterruptingthesesamenetworks,”saidDr.JodieGawryluk,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofVictoriaandthestudy’sfirstauthor.“Whilemoreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthefunctionalimpactsofthesechanges,it’spossiblethattheymayimpair(损害)people’sthinkingorabilitytowork.”Notably,thechangesinthebrainweretemporaryandparticipants’connectivityreturnedtonormalaftertheexposure.Dr.Carlstenassumedthattheeffectscouldbelonglastingwhereexposureiscontinuous.Hesaidthatpeopleshouldbemindfuloftheairthey’rebreathingandtakeappropriatestepstominimizetheirexposuretopotentiallyharmfulairpollutantslikecarexhaust.8.Howdoestrafficpollutionaffectpeopleaccordingtothestudy?A.Exhaustingtheirbody. B.Decreasingtheirincome.C.Endangeringtheirsafety. D.Harmingtheirbrainfunction.9.WhatmaytheDMNberesponsiblefor?A.Growth. B.Sport. C.Memory. D.Behaviour.10.WhatcanpeopledotoreducetheimpactaccordingtoDr.Carlsten?A.Avoidbeingexposedtothepollutedairconstantly.B.Bemindfuloftheairqualityinanewcity.C.Measurethebrainactivityinlaboratories.D.Stayinsideahouseasoftenaspossible.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ARoleOfBrainWillBeRuinedB.TrafficPollutionMayImpairBrainFunctionC.AFamousUKUniversityDidAVitalStudyD.ASourceOfPollutionHasDrawnPeople’sAttention【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究，该研究表明普通水平的交通污染可以在几个小时内损害人类的大脑功能。【8题详析】细节理解题。由文章第一段“AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.(英属哥伦比亚大学(UBC)和维多利亚大学的研究人员进行的一项新研究表明，普通水平的交通污染可以在几个小时内损害人类的大脑功能。)”可知，交通污染会损害人们的大脑功能。故选D。【9题详析】细节理解题。由文章第四段“Theresearchersanalyzedchangesinthebrain’sdefaultmodenetwork(DMN),asetofinter-connectedbrainregionsthatplayanimportantroleinmemoryandinternalthought.ThefMRIrevealedthatparticipantshaddecreasedfunctionalconnectivityinwidespreadregionsoftheDMNafterexposuretodieselexhaust,comparedtofilteredair.(研究人员分析了大脑默认模式网络(DMN)的变化，这是一组相互连接的大脑区域，在记忆和内部思维中起着重要作用。功能磁共振成像显示，与过滤空气相比，接触柴油废气后，参与者DMN广泛区域的功能连通性下降。)”可知，DMN可能负责记忆。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Dr.Carlstenassumedthattheeffectscouldbelonglastingwhereexposureiscontinuous.Hesaidthatpeopleshouldbemindfuloftheairthey’rebreathingandtakeappropriatestepstominimizetheirexposuretopotentiallyharmfulairpollutantslikecarexhaust.(Carlsten博士认为，如果持续接触，这种影响可能会持续很长时间。他说，人们应该注意自己呼吸的空气，并采取适当措施，尽量减少接触汽车尾气等潜在有害空气污染物。)”可知，Carlsten博士认为，人们可以避免经常暴露在被污染的空气中来减少影响。故选A。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“AnewstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofBritishColumbia(UBC)andtheUniversityofVictoriahasshownthatcommonlevelsoftrafficpollutioncandamagehumanbrainfunctioninonlyamatterofhours.(英属哥伦比亚大学(UBC)和维多利亚大学的研究人员进行的一项新研究表明，普通水平的交通污染可以在几个小时内损害人类的大脑功能。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新研究，该研究表明普通水平的交通污染可以在几个小时内损害人类的大脑功能。故选B。DInrecentyears,studieshavesuggestedhowthebisphenolA(BPA)insomefood-packagingplasticshasbeenlinkedtovarioushealthproblemsincludingheartdiseaseanddevelopmentaldifficultiesinchildren.Scientistsarethusdevelopingamoreharmlessalternative,andit’smadefromtomatowastewhichwouldotherwisebegotridof.However,BPAisstillwidelyusedintheplasticcoatingswhichareappliedtotheinsideofmetalfoodpackagingsuchascans.Thesesmoothwaterproofcoatingshelpprotectthemetalfromcorrosion(腐蚀),plustheykeepthefoodfromstickingtotheinsideofthecontainer.Buildingonpreviousstudies,aninternationalteamhasresearchedatypeofagriculturalwasteknownastomatopomace.Thismaterialtypicallyconsistsoftomatoskins,seedsandstems,whichareleftoverafterthefruitshavebeenprocessedforuseinfoodssuchassaucesorjuices.Ordinarily,thepomaceissimplydumpedinalandfill,burned,oratbestcomposted.Itmayalsobeusedinanimalfeed,althoughitdoesn’thavemuchnutritionalvalue.Thescientistsstartedbydryingtomatopomace—firstinthesunforthreedays,thenina60℃ovenfor16hours—afterwhichtheygroundeditintoapowder.Thatpowderwassubsequentlymixedwithasodiumhydroxidesolution(溶液),whichwasthenheatedat100℃forfourhours.Afterrepeatedlyfilteringthatsolutiontoremovethesodiumhydroxide,theresearcherswereleftalipid.Thatlipidwasthenmixedintoanethylalcoholsolutionwhichwassprayedontosamplesofsomemetal.Oncethesprayhaddriedandthesampleshadbeenheatedina200℃ovenfor10to60minutes,theresultwasapolymerizedlacquercoatingwhichprovedtobeveryeffectiveatprotectingthemetal.Thescientistsnowplanontestingthecoatingonactualcans.“Wewouldtaketomatosauce,andotherfoodsthatareusuallysoldincans,andwewouldsterilizethem,putthemintinsandcheckiftheywithstandrealconditions,”saidascientist.12.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelytousetheplasticcoating?A.Apotfullofwater.B.Acupfilledwithcoffee.C.Atincontainingapplejuice.D.Anironboxstuffedwithpackagedfood.13.Whatdoweknowabouttomatopomace?A.It’susedasanimal’sfoodwithrichnutrition.B.Ithasbeenusedintheplasticcoatings.C.Peopleuseittomakesauceorjuice.D.Peopleusuallytreatitinmanyways.14.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph4?A.Howthenewcoatingiscreated. B.Whyheatingisimportant.C.Whyhightemperatureisneeded. D.Whatothermaterialsareincluded.15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Topresentascientificstudy. B.Tointroduceanewmaterial.C.Toshowacomplexprocess. D.Toteachanactualtest.【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统的含有双酚A的涂层会引发健康问题，因此科学家们使用番茄渣制成了一种新型涂层，以解决该问题，接下来研究人员会对该材料展开进一步的测试。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“However,BPAisstillwidelyusedintheplasticcoatingswhichareappliedtotheinsideofmetalfoodpackagingsuchascans.Thesesmoothwaterproofcoatingshelpprotectthemetalfromcorrosion(腐蚀),plustheykeepthefoodfromstickingtotheinsideofthecontainer.(然而，双酚A仍被广泛应用于如罐头等金属食品包装内部的塑料涂层。这些光滑的防水涂层有助于保护金属免受腐蚀，还可以防止食物粘在容器内部)”可知，这种塑料涂层是用在如罐头等金属食品包装内部，保护金属免受腐蚀，再结合选项可知，C项“装有苹果汁的罐头”最有可能使用这种涂层。故选C项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Ordinarily,thepomaceissimplydumpedinalandfill,burned,oratbestcomposted.Itmayalsobeusedinanimalfeed,althoughitdoesn’thavemuchnutritionalvalue.(通常情况下，番茄渣被简单地倾倒在垃圾填埋场，燃烧，或者最好用于堆肥。它也可以用于动物饲料，尽管它没有太多的营养价值)”可知，番茄渣的处理方式包括：当作垃圾被填埋、燃烧、制作堆肥、制成动物饲料。由此可知，人们通常以多种方式处理它。故选D项。【14题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thescientistsstartedbydryingtomatopomace—firstinthesunforthreedays,thenina60℃ovenfor16hours—afterwhichtheygroundeditintoapowder.Thatpowderwassubsequentlymixedwithasodiumhydroxidesolution(溶液),whichwasthenheatedat100℃forfourhours.Afterrepeatedlyfilteringthatsolutiontoremovethesodiumhydroxide,theresearcherswereleftalipid.Thatlipidwasthenmixedintoanethylalcoholsolutionwhichwassprayedontosamplesofsomemetal.Oncethesprayhaddriedandthesampleshadbeenheatedina200℃ovenfor10to60minutes,theresultwasapolymerizedlacquercoatingwhichprovedtobeveryeffectiveatprotectingthemetal.(科学家们首先将番茄渣晒干——首先在阳光下晒三天，然后在60℃的烤箱里烘烤16个小时——然后将其磨成粉末。随后将粉末与氢氧化钠溶液混合，然后在100℃下加热4小时。在反复过滤该溶液以去除氢氧化钠后，研究人员得到了一种脂质。然后将脂质混合到乙醇溶液中，再将乙醇溶液喷洒到一些金属样品上。一旦喷雾干燥，样品在20℃的烤箱中加热10到60分钟，成果是聚合漆涂层，被证明对保护金属非常有效)”可知，本段具体介绍了科学家们处理番茄渣，将其制成新涂层材料的操作步骤。故选A项。【15题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Scientistsarethusdevelopingamoreharmlessalternative,andit’smadefromtomatowastewhichwouldotherwisebegotridof.(因此，科学家们正在开发一种更无害的替代品，它是由番茄渣制成的，否则这些废弃物就会被处理掉)”可知，文章主要围绕科学家们使用番茄渣制成的一种新型涂层展开，介绍了传统的含有双酚A的涂层会引发健康问题的背景情况，番茄渣这种材料的传统处理方式，并描述了这种新型涂层的制作步骤和效果，以及进一步的研究方向。由此可知，文章的目的是介绍一种新涂层材料。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoOvercomethePost-vacationBluesManypeoplewhotravelonvacationmayfindthemselvesexperiencingpost-vacationblues,alsoknownaspost-vacationdepression.___16___Howeverunpleasantitmaybe,though,itcanbeovercomewithsometips.Adjustyoursleepscheduleaheadoftime.Manytravelersexperiencejetlag(时差反应)aftertraveling,especiallyifthetripcrossedoneormoretimezones.Jetlagcanaffectyourabilitytosleeponanormalschedule,makingyoudistractedafteryourvacation.___17___Itcanhelpmakethetransitionbacktoyournormallifealittleeasier.___18___Havingaworkoutroutinethatyousticktowhileyou’retravelingcanhelpkeepyouinshapeandreducestressandtiredness.Ifyoucontinuethathabitafteryoureturnfromyourtrip,yourbodywillhaveasenseofphysicalstabilityandreleaseendorphins,whichcanhelpfightdepressionaswell.Introduceelementsofyourtripintoyourdailylife.Ifyoureallyenjoythecuisineonyourtrip,makeapointoflearningtocookdishesfromthatcultureathome.Ifyoulovehearingandspeakingaforeignlanguage,committotakinglanguageorcultureclassesatalocalcommunitycollege.___19___Carryremindersofhomewhileyoutravel.___20___Thismayhelpeasethetransitionbackintoyournormalroutinewhenyoureturnfromyourtrip.Evensmall,easy-to-packitemslikeaphotographofyourfamilyorsomeotherfrequently-encounteredobjectscanhelp.A.Exercisewhileyou’reonvacation.B.Knowwhattoexpectwhenyoureturn.C.Souvenirscanremindyouofthefuntimeyouhad.D.Thisconditionismarkedbydistressanddiscomfortaftervacation.E.Adaptyourselftoyourhometimezonedaysearlierbeforereturning.F.Altogether,keeptheexcitementofdiscoveryalivewhereveryoulive.G.Studiessuggestitcanhelpreducethesenseofbeinginanewenvironment.【答案】16.D17.E18.A19.F20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法以帮助我们缓解节后综合征的方法。【16题详析】根据空前“Manypeoplewhotravelonvacationmayfindthemselvesexperiencingpost-vacationblues,alsoknownaspost-vacationdepression.(许多度假旅行的人可能会发现自己经历了假期后抑郁，也被称为假期后抑郁症。)”可知，很多人都会经历假期后抑郁。选项D“Thisconditionismarkedbydistressanddiscomfortaftervacation.(这种情况的特点是度假后感到痛苦和不适。)”延续上文内容，指出假期后抑郁的具体症状。故选D。【17题详析】根据空前“Jetlagcanaffectyourabilitytosleeponanormalschedule,makingyoudistractedafteryourvacation.(时差会影响你按正常作息的能力，让你在度假后分心。)”可知，时差会影响我们的正常作息能力，让我们在度假后分心。选项E“Adaptyourselftoyourhometimezonedaysearlierbeforereturning.(回国前提前几天适应家乡的时区。)”指出我们可以提前适应自己家乡的时区，这样就自然引出下文“Itcanhelpmakethetransitionbacktoyournormallifealittleeasier.(它可以帮助你更容易地过渡到正常的生活。)”，选项E起承上启下的作用。故选E。【18题详析】空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Havingaworkoutroutinethatyousticktowhileyou’retravelingcanhelpkeepyouinshapeandreducestressandtiredness.Ifyoucontinuethathabitafteryoureturnfromyourtrip,yourbodywillhaveasenseofphysicalstabilityandreleaseendorphins,whichcanhelpfightdepressionaswell.(当你旅行的时候，有一个你坚持的锻炼计划可以帮助你保持体形，减少压力和疲劳。如果你在旅行回来后继续这个习惯，你的身体会有一种稳定感，并释放内啡肽，这也有助于对抗抑郁症。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是即便我们在旅游，我们也应该坚持锻炼。选项A“Exercisewhileyou’reonvacation(度假时锻炼。)”与本段内容相符。故选A。【19题详析】根据上文内容“Introduceelementsofyourtripintoyourdailylife.Ifyoureallyenjoythecuisineonyourtrip,makeapointoflearningtocookdishesfromthatcultureathome.Ifyoulovehearingandspeakingaforeignlanguage,committotakinglanguageorcultureclassesatalocalcommunitycollege.(把你的旅行元素引入你的日常生活。如果你在旅途中真的很喜欢当地的美食，那就在家里学习一下当地文化的菜肴。如果你喜欢听和说一门外语，那就去当地的社区大学学习语言或文化课程。)”可知，我们可以在日常生活中注入旅行的元素。选项F“Altogether,keeptheexcitementofdiscoveryalivewhereveryoulive.(总之，无论你住在哪里，都要保持发现的兴奋。)”是上文内容的总结，指的是将旅行元素引入我们的日常生活，这样我们就能始终保持一种兴奋感。故选F。【20题详析】根据空前“Carryremindersofhomewhileyoutravel.(旅行时随身携带家的提醒。)”可知，作者建议我们离开家的时候带个家中的东西。选项G“Studiessuggestitcanhelpreducethesenseofbeinginanewenvironment.(研究表明，它可以帮助减少在新环境中的感觉。)”延续上文内容，指的是家中的物品可以帮助我们减少在新环境中的不适，从而带来空后“Thismayhelpeasethetransitionbackintoyournormalroutinewhenyoureturnfromyourtrip.(当你从旅行回来时，这可能有助于你轻松地过渡到正常的日常生活。)”。故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Chiarasufferedastrokewhenshewastwoyearsold.Thediseaseledtoherdevelopinghemiplegia(偏瘫)—aconditionthatcauses____21____ontherightsideofherbody.Asshegrewup,shewasalwaystryingto____22____herdisabledarmbehindherback,afraidofreceivingnegative____23____fromothers.Buta(n)____24____—oneshehadn’tintendedtouploadatfirstbecauseitwould____25____herarmtothepublic—startedherjourneytowardsbecomingavideologger.“Thisistheonlyphotoofmeandmygrandparents,whogavemethemost____26____buthadpassedaway.Ireally____27____thepictureanddecidednottohideitanymore.SoIposteditonline,”saidChiara.The____28____decisioninspiredhertoshareherexperienceswiththeworld.“My____29____wasalwaysthatIlookeddifferent,whichwasquiteahardthingtodealwith,”shesaid.“Unexpectedly,____30____gettinganyunfriendlyresponse—Igotnumerous____31____remarksonthecontrary.”Prettysoon,shewasmorethanhappytosharemoreaboutherlifeandevenher____32____abouthowtolivewithonlyonehandas____33____asshecould.Nowshehasmadevideosforsomecharitiesto____34____lifeforthosewhoarelikeher.Shesays,“Peoplehavesaid.‘You’ve____35____methatmychildcanbedependent.’”Lookingback,Chiarasaidshe’sreallyproudofhowfarshe’scome.21.A.marks B.wounds C.weakness D.pain22.A.ignore B.hide C.cure D.stretch23.A.number B.connection C.comments D.emotions24.A.file B.remark C.essay D.photo25.A.expose B.introduce C.compare D.limit26.A.doubt B.affection C.warnings D.presents27.A.treasured B.feared C.missed D.updated28.A.uncertain B.courageous C.regretful D.quick29.A.reward B.ambition C.struggle D.faith30.A.aheadof B.dueto C.otherthan D.insteadof31.A.appreciative B.casual C.critical D.offensive32.A.resolutions B.jokes C.tips D.missions33.A.cautiously B.independently C.frequently D.peacefully34.A.thinkover B.figureout C.relyon D.lightup35.A.convinced B.cheated C.defeated D.threatened【答案】21.C22.B23.C24.D25.A26.B27.A28.B29.C30.D31.A32.C33.B34.D35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了患有偏瘫的Chiara主动分享自己的残疾的照片并鼓励他人的故事。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种疾病导致她患上了偏瘫——一种导致她右侧身体虚弱的疾病。A.marks标记，记号；B.wounds枪伤，伤处；C.weakness虚弱，软弱；D.pain疼痛，伤痛。根据上文“Thediseaseledtoherdevelopinghemiplegia(这种疾病导致她患上了偏瘫)”以及常识可知，偏瘫导致她右侧身体虚弱的疾病。故选C。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着她的成长，她总是试图把残疾的手臂藏在背后，害怕收到别人的负面评论。A.ignore不理睬；忽视；B.hide隐藏；躲藏；C.cure治愈（病人）；D.stretch变大，拉长。根据下文“afraidofreceivingnegative________fromothers.(害怕收到别人的负面评论)”可知，因为害怕收到别人的负面评论，她总是试图把残疾的手臂藏在背后。故选B。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.number号码；B.connection联系；C.comments评论；D.emotions情绪。根据上文“shewasalwaystryingto________herdisabledarmbehindherback(她总是试图把残疾的手臂藏在背后)”可知，因为害怕收到别人的负面评论，她总是试图把残疾的手臂藏在背后。故选C。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但有一张照片——一开始她并没有打算上传，因为这会让她的手臂暴露在公众面前——开始了她成为视频记录者的旅程。A.file文件；B.remark言论，评述；C.essay短文，论说文；D.photo照片。根据下文“Thisistheonlyphotoofmeandmygrandparents(这是我和祖父母唯一的合影)”可知，这张照片开始了她成为视频记录者的旅程。故选D。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.expose暴露，使显露；B.introduce介绍；C.compare比较；D.limit限制。根据上文“oneshehadn’tintendedtoupload(一开始她并没有打算上传)”可知，一开始她并没有打算上传，因为这会让她的手臂暴露在公众面前。故选A。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我和祖父母唯一的合影，他们给了我最多的爱，但已经去世了。A.doubt怀疑；B.affection喜爱，关爱；C.warnings警告；D.presents礼物。根据下文“Ireally________thepictureanddecidednottohideitanymore.(我真地很珍惜这张照片，决定不再把它藏起来)”可推知，作者的祖父母给了作者最多的爱，所以作者很珍藏这张照片。故选B。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真地很珍惜这张照片，决定不再把它藏起来。A.treasured珍惜；B.feared害怕；C.missed错过；D.updated更新。根据上文“Thisistheonlyphotoofmeandmygrandparents,whogavemethemost________(这是我和祖父母唯一的合影，他们给了我最多的爱)”可知，作者的祖父母给了作者最多的爱，所以作者很珍惜这张照片。故选A。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个勇敢的决定激励她与世界分享她的经历。A.uncertain无把握的；无法确知的；B.courageous勇敢的，有胆量的；C.regretful后悔的；D.quick快的。根据上文“oneshehadn’tintendedtouploadatfirstbecauseitwould________herarmtothepublic(开始她并没有打算上传，因为这会让她的手臂暴露在公众面前)”以及“Ireally________thepictureanddecidednottohideitanymore.(我真的很珍惜这张照片，决定不再把它藏起来)”可知，尽管这张照片会让她的手臂暴露在公众面前，但是作者决定不再把它藏起来，这是一个勇敢的决定。故选B。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的挣扎一直是我看起来不一样，这是一件很难处理的事情。A.reward奖励，回报；B.ambition抱负；雄心；C.struggle奋斗，斗争；D.faith信任，信心，信念。根据上文“Thediseaseledtoherdevelopinghemiplegia—aconditionthatcauses________ontherightsideofherbody.(这种疾病导致她患上了偏瘫——一种导致她右侧身体虚弱的疾病)”以及下文“whichwasquiteahardthingtodealwith(这是一件很难处理的事情)”可知，作者的挣扎一直是作者的偏瘫使作者看起来和别人不一样。故选C。【30题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，我没有得到任何不友好的回应，相反，我得到了许多赞赏的评论。A.aheadof领先于；B.dueto由于，因为；C.otherthan除了，除外；D.insteadof代替，而不是。根据下文“Igotnumerous________remarksonthecontrary.(我得到了许多赞赏的评论)”可知，作者没有得到任何不友好的回应，相反，她得到了许多赞赏的评论。故选D。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.appreciative欣赏的，赞赏的；B.casual休闲的，便装的；C.critical批判的，爱挑剔的；D.offensive无礼的，冒犯的。根据上文“________gettinganyunfriendlyresponse(我没有得到任何不友好的回应)”可知，作者没有得到任何不友好的回应，而是得到了许多赞赏的评论。故选A。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，她就非常高兴地分享了更多关于她的生活，甚至是她关于如何只用一只手尽可能独立生活的秘诀。A.resolutions决心；B.jokes笑话；C.tips秘诀；D.missions任务。根据下文“tipsabouthowtolivewithonlyonehandas________asshecould.(甚至是她关于如何只用一只手尽可能独立生活的建议)”以及语境可知，作者分享了关于如何只用一只手尽可能独立生活的秘诀。故选C。【33题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.cautiously谨慎地；B.independently独立地；C.frequently频繁地；D.peacefully平静地。根据上文“livewithonlyonehand(只用一只手)”可知，此处表示作者只用一只手尽可能独立生活的秘诀。故选B。【34题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，她为一些慈善机构制作视频，为那些像她一样的人点亮生活。A.thinkover仔细考虑；B.figureout弄清楚，弄明白；C.relyon依赖；D.lightup点亮。根据下文“forthosewhoarelikeher.(为那些像她一样的人)”可知，她为那些像她一样的人点亮生活。故选D。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你已经使我相信我的孩子可以依赖别人。A.convinced使确信，使信服；B.cheated欺骗，哄骗；C.defeated击败，挫败；D.threatened威胁，恐吓。根据上文“Nowshehasmadevideosforsomecharitiesto________lifeforthosewhoarelike