Unit 4 History and Traditions 单词必修第二册

Unit4HistoryandTraditionsVocabulary1.Confucius

n.孔子TempleofConfucius

孔庙CemeteryofConfucius孔林KongFamilyMansion孔府2.philosophyn.哲学philosopher

n.

哲学家philosophical

adj.哲学的philosophicallyadv.哲学上3.individual

adj.单独的；个别的cn.个人

adj.individualcasecn.

theindividual个

案个

人individually

adv.单独地individuality

n.个性；个性特征4.Achilles’heel希腊神话：阿喀琉斯的脚跟阿基里斯是古希腊神话中最伟大的英雄之一。相传，他的母亲是一位女神，在他降生之初，女神为了使他长生不死，将他浸入冥河洗礼。阿基里斯从此刀枪不入，百毒不侵，只有一点除外———他的脚踵当时被女神提在手中，未能浸入冥河，于是“阿基里斯之踵”就成了这位英雄的唯一弱点。在漫长的特洛亚战争中，阿基里斯一直是希腊人最勇敢的将领。在十年战争即将结束时，敌方将领在众神的示意下，抓住了阿基里斯的弱点，一箭射中他的脚踵，阿基里斯最终不治而亡。5.puzzlepuzzlen.谜;智力游戏;疑问v.迷惑;使困惑(confuse)puzzlementn.迷惑，困惑（confusion）puzzling:adj.令人迷惑的/困惑的(confusing)puzzled:adj.(人感到)困惑的/迷惑的(confused)bepuzzledaboutsth:对某事迷惑不解[即学即练]——单句语法填空①

Youmusthavebeentroubledbywhentosay“Iloveyou”becauseitisoneofthegreatest___________(puzzle)inourlife．②

Thesescientistshavebeenpuzzling___________howtosolvetheenvironmentalproblem．③

The__________lookonherfacesuggestedshewas_________overthe___________mathsproblem.(puzzle)她脸上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学题。puzzlesabout/overpuzzledpuzzlingpuzzled6.join...to...:把…和…连接或联结起来同:link…to…berelated/linkedtobeconnected/associatedwithjoinsbindoing...:参加某人做什么breakup

分手，解散breakdown

机器出故障，身体累垮，精神崩溃，失败；分解，消除breakinto

破门而入breakin

破门而入；打断；插话breakout

(战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发7.breakaway(fromsb

/sth

)脱离；背叛；逃脱[即学即练]——用break的相关短语填空①

Ifyougoonworkinglikethat,youwill________________soonerorlater.②

Afire______________inthishotellastnightandthreepeoplewerekilled.③

Withsomanyproblemsunsettled,afewcountrieswantedto__________________theUnion.④Inmyopinion,marriagebasedonmoneyislikelyto______________.breakdownbrokeoutbreakawayfrombreakupbelongto

属于

（无被动，无进行,其中to为介词）belongings

n.

所有物;财产asenseofbelonging

归属感belonging

n.归

属,属性8.

belongvi.

应在(某处);

适应

[巩固内化]用belong的适当形式填空①Thewoodenhouse

(belong)tomeisbeingdecoratednow.

②Thecat_________tothepeoplewholiveupstairs.③Icollectedmy__________andleft.belongsbelongings

belonging1.Tearswelledupinhereyes,andherheartseemedtobetorn____well.2.Ifyoudonotlikeswimming,you__________gojogging.如果不喜欢游泳,你不妨慢跑。3.Theyareacoupleintherealworld_________inthemovie.他们在电影和现实生活中都是一对夫妇。9.aswellas同，也，还1.Theteacher，aswellashisstudents，_________(go)toplanttreestomorrow.isgoing谓语动词遵循就远原则aswell也;又;还（相当于too，用于句尾）may/mightaswelldosth

倒不如做某事;不妨做某事

asmayaswellaswellas110.currencyn.货币；通货（一国、一地区现时市场上流通的货币）。Whichcurrencyisamongthestrongestintheworld?世界上哪种货币最有价值?currentadj.当前的，流通的11.takepartinmilitarytraining参加军训militarydefence军事防御2indefenceof…

为了保卫…12.

defence

n.防御；保卫（同defense）Weshouldn'tforgetthedoctorsandnurseswhodiedindefenceofpeople'shealthandsafety．defend

vt.保护；保卫；为…辩护defendoneself自卫defensiveadj.

防御的,保护的

①Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrained_____________(defend)themselvesagainstsomeattacks.②Manymedicalexpertsareworkinghardin________(defend)ofpeople'shealth.③Whenadogattackedme，Ipickedupasticktodefend_________(I).todefenddefencemyself13.legaladj.法律的;合法的legally:adv.法律上;合法地illegaladj.不合法的

illegallyadv.不法地看图猜词surround围绕

besurroundedwith/by

被…包围/环绕14.surround

vt.围绕；包围surrounding

adj.周围的；附近的surroundings

n.环境；周边事物[即学即练]——单句语法填空①

_____________(surround)bytheforest,thevillagelooksverybeautiful.②

Livinginbeautifulandcomfortable______________(surround),wefeelveryhappy.③

Theyallwentouttolookforthelostchildinthe______________(surround)villages.Surroundedsurroundingssurrounding15.evidence

un.证据；证明evident

adj.明显的；明白的翻译：很显然，他的观点不对.Itisevidentthathisopinioniswrong.同：obvious,clear,apparentItisevident/obvious/apparent/clearthat显然evidently=obviously=apparently=clearly16.locationcn．地方；地点；位置locate

v.找出...的位置,定位

belocatedin/on/at

坐落于/位于.....

①China__________(locate)intheeastofAsiawithanareaof9，600，000squarekilometres.②_________(locate)intheeastofAsia,Chinahasanareaof9，600，000squarekilometres.islocatedLocatedbattle“battle”一词开始作为一个比较大众的网络语被大家所熟知，是因为近两年国内综艺节目掀起了一波嘻哈狂潮，譬如《中国有嘻哈》、《这就是街舞》、《热血街舞团》。

“battle”一词常常用于在说唱、街舞中，rapper和rapper之间，dancer和dancer之间的一种PK较量，即人与人之间的“战斗”。17.portn.港口

import进口

export出口

airport机场transport运输318.fascinating

adj.迷人的同：charmingandattractivefascinatev.吸引；迷住fascinatedadj.入迷的fascinationn.入迷；着迷；吸引力Anythingtodowitholdmythsandlegendsfascinatesme.任何与上古神话传说有关的东西都会使我着迷。keepaneyeon

照看，照管，留心注意haveaneyefor

对……有判断力/鉴赏力catchsb’seye

吸引某人的注意【翻译】如果你留心点，你能学到很多。Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youcanlearnagreatdeal.19.keepone’seyesopen睁大眼睛，留心，注意20.

charge

vt.收费；控告；充电

n.费用；指控；主管负荷（基本义）charge罪名的负荷金钱的负荷责任的负荷

负责

费用

指控电荷的负荷

电量n(向……)收费；开价

指控；控告

(给……)充电

(向……)

冲；进攻v1）n./v.收费chargesb(money)forsth收某人(多少钱)费用freeofcharge=forfree免费2）v.指控chargesbwithsth=accusesbofsth指控某人某事3）n./v.主管takechargeof…负责;主管beinchargeof…负责;主管beinthechargeof…由…负责/主管ThecompanyisinthechargeofMr.Wang.Mr.Wangisinchargeofthecompany.Mr.Wangtakeschargeofthecompany.①Wehaveenoughconfidencetochargeyou

abuseofpower.

②Thegenerousownerofthepubchargedus

wineandbeer.with

for

4)chargethecellphone/battery给手机/电池充电chargerchargev.冲

Itisannouncedthat…据宣布…(it形主)21.announce

vt.宣布；通知；声称(claim,declare)announcement

n.通告；宣告；声明announcer

n.

播音员；广播员makeanannouncement(that)

下通知；宣布[即学即练]——单句语法填空①

Itiswisetoannouncethenews_________thepublic.②

The_____________madean_______________thatallthedetailsshould________________throughthebroadcast.(announce)③

It_______________(announce)thatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrolwouldtheresidentsbepermittedtoreturntotheirhomes.toannouncerannouncementbeannouncedisannounced22.

amount

n.金额；数量

a

largeamountof大量;许多（+不可数n）+谓语用单数；

=

largeamountsof大量;许多（+不可数n）+谓语用复数

作主语时谓语动词的单复数与amount的单复数有关，与of后面的名词无关v.总计；相当于；等于amountto

合计，等于，相当于[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Alargeamountofmoney___________(be)tobespentinbuildinganewbridgeforthevillage.②Atthattime,smallamountsofland___________(use)forkeepinganimals.③Thetotalsalesofthecompanydidn’tamount

morethanamilliondollars.

④Theamountoffuelthatthiscaruses____(be)abigstrikeagainstit.iswereusedto

is

(1)

agreatdealof,

只能修饰不可数名词；(2)

alargenumberof

只能修饰可数名词复数；(3)

alotof,plentyof

,

alargequantityof既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。表示“大量的”的短语还有：alargenumberof,

agreatdealof,

plentyof,

alotofgallery展览馆;画廊theNationalGallery国家美术馆23.approach

n.方法(pl.approaches)

vt.

着手处理

vi.靠近1)（做）某事的方法theapproachto(doing)sththewaytodosth/ofdoingsththemeansof(doing)sththemethodof(doing)sth2)approachtheproblem处理问题3）Springisapproaching/drawingnear/aroundthecorner.春天即将来临。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent_____________(approach)tothestudyofmaths.②

Theyhavealaissez-faireapproachto______________theirchildren.他们采用放任自由的方法来养育子女。

approachesbringingup③一句多译:随着这重大日子的临近她心情越来越紧张。Asthegreatday___________

,shegrewmoreandmorenervous.Withthegreatday____________,shegrewmoreandmorenervous.____theapproachofthegreatday

,shegrewmoreandmorenervous.approachedapproachingAt24.landscapen.(陆上，犹指乡村的风景)

sight,view,scene,scenery

begeneroustosb

对某人慷慨25.generous

adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的(反：mean)generosity

n.慷慨；大方；宽宏大量generouslyadv.慷慨地；大方地buttern.黄油；vt.涂黄油于......26.honeyn.蜂蜜；亲爱的honey,darling,dear,sweetie亲爱的position

【基本义】位置,职位

snackn.点心；小吃beeagertodosth

渴望做某事beeagerforsth

渴望得到某物27.eager

adj.热切的；渴望的eagerly

adv.热切地；急切地eagernessn.热切；渴望渴望做某事

beeagerfor/todosthbeanxiousfor/todosthbedyingfor/todosthbedesperatefor/todosthbehungry/thirstyfor/todosthhaveadesirefor/desiretodosthlongfor/todosth①(2016.浙江高考)EachweekI

_________(eager)countedmygrowingsavingincreasedbyextraworkhereandthere②(2021.全国I)Asshewasleavingshewaseager_____(say)goodbyetoeachofusinthenursingteam.③Theywereeager______asecondbiteofthecherry.④Icouldn'thidemy__________(eager)togetbackhome.foreagerness

tosay

eagerly

28.poetn.诗人poem

n.诗;诗歌(可数名词)poetryn.诗集;诗歌;诗作

countyn.郡；县29.

feastn.盛宴；节日afeastfortheeyesandears视觉和听觉的盛宴avisualfeast一场视觉盛宴TheopeningceremonyofWinterOlympicsisafeastfortheeyesandears.30.rollv.(使)翻滚;(使)滚动;

n.卷(轴);翻滚rolldownthecheeks滚下脸颊rollin/floodin/springup蜂拥而来rollingadj起伏的

bedottedwith

布满；星罗棋布于Theskywasdottedwithstars.

繁星点缀着星空31.

dot

n.点；小(圆)点

vt.加点；遍布

roarv.n.吼叫；咆哮

oceann.大海;海洋

theArcticOcean

北冰洋

theAtlanticOcean大西洋theIndianOcean印度洋thePacificOcean太平洋

11月21日是“世界问候日”，是第四次中东战争（FourthMiddleEastWar）期间（1973年10月6日至10月26日），为促进埃及（Egypt）与以色列（Israel）之间的和平，来自澳大利亚（Australia）的姆可马克（McCormack）与米切尔（Michael）两兄弟自愿宣传并设立的。节日的意义在于向全世界祈祷和平。不同国家的不同问候方式WorldHelloDaygreetsbwith…

用…来迎接/问候某人32.greet

vt.问候；迎接greeting(s)

n.(常用复数形式)问候；祝贺；贺词Shegreetedmewithasmile.

她以微笑迎接我。exchangegreetings

寒暄[即学即练]——单句语法填空①

She___________(greet)uswithasmilewhenshesawusinthestreet．②

Shesentusacardwithbirthday___________(greet)．greetedgreetingsstrike(struck,struck/stricken)v.打;撞击;罢工;(灾难、疾病等)袭击;打动;划(火柴);给某人…以印象；突然想到;(钟)敲响;鸣n.罢工;攻击33.striking

adj.引人注目的；显著的bestruckby被…所侵袭；被…所打动Itstrikes/strucksbthat…某人突然想起…（同：hit,occurto）be/goonstrike举行罢工[一词多义]写出下列句子中strike的汉语意思Whentheclockstrucknine，itstruckm