广东省深圳市2024-2025学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东省深圳市2024-2025学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题第一部分单项填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.WithBillinlead,theexplorersenteredtheforestwhichishometomanywildanimals.A.the;a B.不填;a C.a;the D.the;不填【答案】D【详析】考查冠词。句意：在比尔的带领下，探险者们进入了这片森林，这里居住着许多野生动物。withsb.inthelead固定搭配，意为“在某人的带领下”，behometo固定搭配，意为“……的栖息地，……之家”，故选D。2.ThesportsmeetwillbeheldontheplaygroundnextThursdaytheweatherisgood.A.unless B.aslongas C.eventhough D.before【答案】B【详析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：只要天气好，运动会将在下周四在操场上举行。A.unless除非；B.aslongas只要；C.eventhough即使；D.before在……之前。由下文“theweatherisgood.”可知，此处应用aslongas引导条件状语从句。故选B。3.Whatisthemainstructureofthesentence“Theweatherhasturnedcold”?A.S+VP（主语+系动词+表语）B.S+V+O（主语+谓语动词+宾语）C.S+V+O+OC（主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补）D.S+V+IO+DO（主语+谓语动词+直接宾语+间接宾语）【答案】A【详析】考查句子结构。句意：句子“Theweatherhasturnedcold”的主要结构是什么？theweather是主语，hasturned是谓语动词，turn是系动词，cold作表语，所以该句子结构是主语+系动词+表语，故选A。4.Wecan’taddtheprefix(前缀)“un-”totogiveittheopposite(相反的)meaning.A.comfortable B.usual C.correct D.believable【答案】C【详析】考查构词法。A.comfortable舒适的，可以加un-变为uncomfortable不舒适的；B.usual通常的，可以加un-变为unusual不寻常的；C.correct正确的，不能加un-来构成反义词，其反义词是incorrect不正确的；D.believable可信的，可以加un-变为unbelievable不可信的。所以我们不能给correct加上前缀un-来得到它的相反意思。故选B。5.Nowyouhavebeenfamiliareachotherandthenyoucanstaytouchwitheachotherfromnowon.A.with;in B.at;on C.by;for D.to;from【答案】A【详析】考查固定搭配。句意：现在你们已经彼此熟悉了，从现在起你们可以保持联系。befamiliarwith固定搭配，意为“熟悉”，stayintouchwith固定搭配，意为“与……得联系”，故选A。6.Whichofthefollowingwordshasadifferentwordformation(构词法)?A.sculpture B.memorize C.motorway D.humorous【答案】C【详析】考查构词法。句意：以下哪个词的构词法不同？A.sculpture雕塑；B.memorize记住；C.motorway高速公路；D.humorous幽默的。A、B、D项都是派生法，C是合成法，即由motor和way合成的，故选C。7.Thebakeryatmyfatherworkedafewyearsagoisnotfarfromhere.A.which B.that C.where D.what【答案】A【详析】考查定语从句。句意：我父亲几年前工作过的那家面包店离这里不远。空格处引导限制性定语从句，对先行词bakery进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作workedat的宾语，且介词at提到关系代词前，所以只能用关系代词which代替先行词在从句中作宾语。故选A项。8.Currently,sheafantasticnewkitchenforyouandshecanfinishitinthreedays.A.hasdesigned B.isdesigning C.wasdesigning D.wastodesign【答案】B【详析】考查时态。句意：目前，她正在为你设计一个很棒的新厨房，她可以在三天内完成。design“设计”。根据句中的时间状语Currently可知，此处描述的是现在正在进行的动作，故时态用现在进行时，且主语为she，be动词用is，谓语用isdesigning，符合语境。故选B。9.Themanprofessionisaneditorlivesnexttousinthesamecommunity.A.his B.whom C.who D.whose【答案】D【详析】考查定语从句。句意：那个以编辑为职业的人住在我们同一个社区的隔壁。______professionisaneditor是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰profession，应用whose引导定语从句，故选D。10.—ThetallwomandressedinredovertherelookslikeourEnglishteacher.—Itbeher.Shehasgoneabroad.A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.needn’t【答案】C【详析】考查情态动词。句意：——那边穿红衣服的高个子女人看起来像我们的英语老师。——不可能是她。她已经出国了。A.can’t表示“不可能”，用于有把握的否定推测，符合语境。B.shouldn’t表示“不应该”，语气较弱，不符合有把握的否定推测。C.mustn’t表示“禁止”，不符合语境。D.needn’t表示“不必”，也与语境不符语境。根据对话内容，第二个人表示“不可能是她”，因为“她已经出国了”。这里需要一个表示有把握、否定推测的情态动词。故选C项。11.Nancypickeduptheblueenvelopeandturneditoverbecauseshewantedtoknowwhatwaswrittenonthecover.A.enormously B.bitterly C.curiously D.horribly【答案】C【详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：南希拿起蓝色信封，好奇地翻过来，想知道封面上写了什么。A。enormously巨大地；B.bitterly痛苦地；C.curiously好奇地；D.horribly可怕地。由下文“becauseshewantedtoknowwhatwaswrittenonthecover.”可知，她想知道封面上写了什么，所以好奇地翻过来，故选C。12.Tomisexpectedthejobwellbecausehetendsverycarefulinhiswork.A.tocomplete;being B.tocomplete;tobeC.completing;tobe D.completing;being【答案】B【详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆有望完成这项工作，因为他工作时往往非常细心。beexpectedtodosth.固定搭配，意为“预计做某事；有望做某事”，tendtodosth.固定搭配，意为“倾向于做某事；往往做某事”，故选B。13.Jacktheteacher’sadvicelasttimesohefailedinthemathsexam.A.wasignored B.willignore C.ignores D.ignored【答案】D【详析】考查动词时态。句意：杰克上次无视老师的建议，所以数学考试不及格。根据下文failed可知，句子时态为一般过去时，描述发生在过去的事情，句子主语Jack与动词ignore构成主动关系，故需用一般过去时的主动语态。A选项为一般过去时的被动语态，B选项为一般将来时，C选项为一般现在时。故选D项。14.Itissaidthatthemanager’sanswerwas.Thatmeanshedidn’tagreewiththeplan.A.impressive B.negative C.ordinary D.formal【答案】B【详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据说经理的回答是否定的。那意味着他不同意这个计划。A.impressive令人印象深刻的；B.negative否定的，消极的；C.ordinary普通的；D.formal正式的。根据“Thatmeanshedidn’tagreewiththeplan.”可知，经理的回答是否定的。故选B。15.Hetooktopaintingwhenhewasonlysixandendedupawell-knownpainterintheworld.A.learn;tobecome B.learning;tobecomeC.learning;becoming D.learn;becoming【答案】C【详析】考查动名词。句意：他六岁时就开始学习绘画，后来成为世界知名的画家。短语taketo意为“开始，开始从事于”中的to是介词，后面应该用名词或动名词作宾语，所以，第一个空格处用learning；第二空为endupdoing意为“最终做某事”，所以第二个空格处用becoming作宾语。故选C项。16.—Excuseme,Itakethisseatbesideyou?—Sorry,youmustn’t.Ithasbeentakenalready.A.may B.need C.dare D.shall【答案】A【详析】考查情态动词。句意：——对不起，我可以坐在你旁边的这个座位上吗？——对不起，你不能。这个座位已经被占了。A.may可以（表示请求）；B.need需要；C.dare敢；D.shall将。由上文excuseme可知，此处表示请求，故选A。17.Whichsentencehasadifferentsentencestructure(句子结构)fromtheotherthree?A.Hetoldmetokeepcalm.B.Isawherwaitingatthebusstop.C.Ihavesomequestionstoaskyou.D.Hehelpmehavethiswashingmachinerepaired.【答案】C【详析】考查句子结构。句意：哪个句子与其他三个句子结构不同？A.Hetoldmetokeepcalm.他告诉我保持冷静；B.Isawherwaitingatthebusstop.我看到她在公交车站等着；C.Ihavesomequestionstoaskyou.我有一些问题要问你；D.Hehelpmehavethiswashingmachinerepaired.他帮助我修理了这台洗衣机。A项、B项和D项是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语结构；C项是主语+谓语+宾语+后置定语结构，故选C。18.A(n)somethingisashortaccountofit,whichgivesthemainpointsbutnotthedetails.A.warningof B.approachto C.passionfor D.summaryof【答案】D【详析】考查名词短语辨析。句意：某物的概述是对它的简短描述，它给出了要点但没有细节。A.warningof……的警告；B.approachto……的方法；C.passionfor……的热情；D.summaryof……的概述。结合somethingisashortaccountofit,whichgivesthemainpointsbutnotthedetails可知，本句中应表达“某物的概述是对它的简短描述”，故用summaryof符合语境。故选D。19.Whensomethingisinamirrororinwater,youcanseeitsimageinthemirrororinthewater.A.reminded B.reflected C.recommended D.requested【答案】B【详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当物体在镜子或水中反射时，你可以在镜子或水中看到它的影像。A.reminded提醒；B.reflected反射；C.recommended推荐；D.requested要求。根据句中“seeitsimageinthemirrororinthewater.”可知，在水或镜面中看到物体影像，是物体“反射”到镜面或水中。故选B。20.It’shightimethatyoushouldyourworkathandoryoucan’tfinishitontime.A.recoverfrom B.concentrateon C.comeacross D.wonderat【答案】B【详析】考查动词短语。句意：你该集中精力做手头的工作了，否则你不能按时完成。A.recoverfrom从……恢复；B.concentrateon集中于；C.comeacross偶遇；D.wonderat对……感到惊讶。由下文“yourworkathandoryoucan’tfinishitontime.”可知，此处表示集中精力于手头上的工作，故选B。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AStoriesBehindFamousCompanyNamesInventorCalebBradhamhadoriginallywantedtobeadoctorbutstartedworkinginadrugstorewhenhereturnedhomeinNorthCarolina.In1893,hemadeup(配制)whathefirstcalled“Brad’sDrink”,amixofwater,caramel,lemonoilandotherflavors.Fiveyearslater,herenameditPepsi-Cola.Heclaimedthedrinkcouldhelpwithdigestion(消化).Afterwards,BradhamchangedthetermintothenamePepsi.Thisluxurycar-makercombinedelements(要素)fromtheFordandOldsmobilecompanieswhenitwasstartedin1902andlaterbecameknownforitsinnovationandhighquality.ThecompanywasnamedaftertheFrenchexplorerCadillac,whofoundedthecityofDetroitin1701.Companyco-founderGordonBowkerhassaidthatwhilebrainstormingnames,someonebroughtoutamapthatfeaturedtheoldminingtownofStarbo.ThatmayhaveledhimtothinkofStarbuck,thefirstmate(大副)inHermanMelville’sfamousnovel,MobyDick.Notonlythecompanynamebutalsotheoriginofitslogohasarousedgreatcuriosity.TheinventorofRolex,HansWilsdorf,wasexpectingtomakeanelegant,yetprecise,wristwatch.Hewantedanamethatwaseasytosay,couldworkindifferentlanguages,andlookgoodonthewatches.HechoseRolexin1908aftersomeconsideration.21.Whostartedtobuildacityatthebeginningofthe18thcentury?A.CalebBradham. B.GordeonBowker.C.Cadillac. D.HansWilsdorf.22.Pepsihasahistoryof______.A.lessthanahundredyears. B.abouttwohundredyears.C.aboutthreehundredyears. D.overahundredandtwentyyears.23.WhatdidHansWilsdorfcontributeto?A.Makingupadrinkthatcouldprovideenergy.B.Creatingadevicethatshowedwhattimeitwas.C.Designingakindofluxurycarwithhighquality.D.Inventingakindofmedicinethathelpedwithdigestion.【答案】21.C22.D23.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个著名公司名字背后的故事，包括百事(Pepsi)、凯迪拉克(Cadillac)、星巴克(Starbuck)以及劳力士(Rolex)名字的由来及相关背景信息。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThecompanywasnamedaftertheFrenchexplorerCadillac,whofoundedthecityofDetroitin1701.(该公司是以法国探险家凯迪拉克的名字命名的，凯迪拉克在1701年建立了底特律市。)”可知，是凯迪拉克在1701年(属于18世纪初)建立了底特律城。故选C。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“In1893,hemadeup(配制)whathefirstcalled‘Brad’sDrink’,amixofwater,caramel,lemonoilandotherflavors.Fiveyearslater,herenameditPepsi-Cola.Heclaimedthedrinkcouldhelpwithdigestion(消化).Afterwards,BradhamchangedthetermintothenamePepsi.(1893年，他配制出了最初被他称为“布拉德饮料”的饮品，它是由水、焦糖、柠檬油和其他香料混合而成的。五年后，他将其重新命名为“百事可乐”。他宣称这种饮料有助于消化。之后，布拉德姆又把这个名称改成了“百事”。)”可知，从1893年开始出现相关饮品到现在(2024年)已经超过了120年。故选D。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“TheinventorofRolex,HansWilsdorf,wasexpectingtomakeanelegant,yetprecise,wristwatch.(劳力士的发明者汉斯・威尔斯多夫期望制造出一款优雅且精准的腕表。)”可知，他发明了劳力士手表，也就是创造了一种能显示时间的装置。故选B。BGrowinguponaremoteMichiganfarm,HenryFordknewlittleofallthis—buthesoonshowedhisinterestmoreintheindustrialfuturethanintheagriculturalpast.Hisfather,William,hopedhiseldestsonwouldjoinhimonthefarm,andfinallytakeitover.ButHenryhatedfarmworkanddideverythinghecouldtoavoidit.Itwasnotthathewaslazybutthattherepeateddailylifeofthefarmupsethim.Ifgivenamechanical(机械的)jobtodo,hewouldbesettoworkeagerly.Whenhewastwelve,hebecamealmostuncontrollablyinterestedinclocksandwatches.Soonhewasrepairingclocksandwatchesforfriends.In1876,hiswifediedinchildbirth.Henrysufferedablowanddecidedtogetawayfromthefarmassoonashecould.Threeyearslater,heworkedasamechanicinDetroit.Onedayin1877,whenhefirstsawasteam-drivenlocomotive(蒸汽机车),Henrywenttothelocomotivedriverandaskedhimplentyofquestionsabouttheengine’sperformance.Fromthenon,Henrybecamecrazyaboutsteamengines.Later,withthehelpofanoldco-worker,HenrygotanengineerpositionattheEdisonDetroitElectricityCompany.AlthoughHenryquicklybecamechiefengineerattheDetroitpowerfactory,hisinterestinfuelenginestookuphislife.Hespentmostofhissparetimetryingtobuildanengineaccordingtohisowndesign.Henrywentthroughthehardwaytobuildanenginebyhandfromthebeginning.Itwastwoyearsbeforehesucceededinbuildingaworkingcar.Itwasunattractive-lookingonbicyclewheelsanddrivenbyarubberbeltthatconnectedtheengine.Henrycalleditthe“Quadricycle(四轮自行车)”.24.WhatappealedtoHenryFordmostwhenhewasveryyoung?A.Sports. B.Farmwork. C.Machines. D.Art.25.HowdidFord’swifeloseherlife?A.Whenshewasgivingbirth. B.Becauseofaseriousdisease.C.Owingtoapsychologicalproblem. D.Whenshewasexperiencinganaturaldisaster.26.WhendidFordbecomemadaboutsteamengines?A.Beforehewenttouniversitytolearnmachinery.B.Beforehegotanengineerpositionatacompany.C.Afterhemadefriendswiththelocomotivedriver.D.Afterheaskedsomequestionsaboutalocomotive.27.Whatpartoftheworkingcarismentioned(提到)inthelastparagraph?A.Objectsthatpeoplecansitoninavehicle.B.Anobjectinavehiclethatcanmakeitgoslowerorstop.C.Roundobjectsunderavehiclethatcanturnwhenitmoves.D.Anobjectadrivercanturntocontrolthedirectionthatavehiclegoesin.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了亨利·福特从小对机械产生浓厚兴趣，并最终通过自己的努力成功制造出第一辆工作汽车的故事。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Ifgivenamechanicaljobtodo,hewouldbesettoworkeagerly.(如果给他一份机械方面的工作，他会热衷于这项工作)”和第二段“Whenhewastwelve,hebecamealmostuncontrollablyinterestedinclocksandwatches.(当他12岁的时候，他对钟表产生了几乎无法控制的兴趣)”可知，当亨利•福特很小的时候，机器最吸引他。故选C。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In1876,hiswifediedinchildbirth.(1876年，他的妻子在分娩时去世)”可知，福特的妻子是在分娩时去世的。故选A。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Onedayin1877,whenhefirstsawasteam-drivenlocomotive,Henrywenttothelocomotivedriverandaskedhimplentyofquestionsabouttheengine’sperformance.Fromthenon,Henrybecamecrazyaboutsteamengines.(1877年的一天，当他第一次看到蒸汽驱动的机车时，亨利走到机车司机面前，问了他很多关于发动机性能的问题。从那时起，亨利对蒸汽机着迷了)”可知，福特是在问了一些关于火车的问题之后对蒸汽机着迷的。故选D。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Onedayin1877,whenhefirstsawasteam-drivenlocomotive,Henrywenttothelocomotivedriverandaskedhimplentyofquestionsabouttheengine’sperformance.Fromthenon,Henrybecamecrazyaboutsteamengines.(1877年的一天，当他第一次看到蒸汽驱动的机车时，亨利走到机车司机面前，问了他很多关于发动机性能的问题。从那时起，亨利对蒸汽机着迷了)”可推知，福特是在问了一些关于火车的问题之后对蒸汽机着迷的。故选C。CAstheworldtriestogiveupfossilfuels,thereisalotoffocusonrenewableenergysourceslikewindandsolarenergy.Butoneverypromisingsourceofenergycomesfromdeepinsidetheearth.Andoldoilwellscouldhelpgreatlyindevelopingandusingthisenergyresource.“Geothermal(地热的)”powerisbasedontheheatthatcomesfromdeepinsidetheearth.“Geo”meansEarthand“thermal”means“heat”.Earth’score,deepinthecenteroftheplanet,isaboutashotasthesun’ssurface,andisexpectedtostaythatwayforbillionsofyears.Thisheatslowlymakesitswayoutwardfromthecore.Insomeplaces,wheretherockshavelotsofholesinthem,thisheatcomesoutindifferentkindsofhotsprings,withhotwaterandsteamcomingoutnaturallythroughtheearth’ssurface.Inareaslikethis,humanshavebeenusingtheearth’sheatfordifferentpurposesforhundredsofyears.Ingeneral,thoughgeothermalenergyrequiresdrilling(钻孔)deepintotheearth.Therearemanydifferentwaysofcollectingtheheatanddifferentwaysofusingit.Butthesegeothermalwellscaneasilyproducehugeamountsofheatandelectricityforhundredsofyears—allwithoutpollution.Thereisanotherpositivesidetogeothermalenergy—itcanproducepowerdayandnightallyearlong.Solarpowerdependsonthesun,andwindpowerdependsonwind.Thatmeansthattheyarenotconstant.Butenergyfromgeothermalsourcesisalwaysavailable(可获得的).However,geothermalenergyalsofacesabigchallenge—drillingdowndeepenoughtocreateageothermalplantishard,anditcostsalotofmoney.Somegeothermalplantsrequiredrillingdownmorethan4miles(6.5kilometers)belowtheearth’ssurface.Drillingdownevendeepercanleadtomuchmoreheatandfarmorepowerfulenergysources.Thecostsofallthisdrillingareabigpartofwhathaslimitedgeothermalprojects.Butnowpeoplearestartingtothinkaboutacleverideathatcouldmakegeothermalenergyfarcheaper:usingoilwellsthatarealreadythere.28.Whatcanbelearnedaboutgeothermalenergyfromthetext?A.Itiscollectedfromthedepthsoftheearth. B.Itdoesn’tbelongtorenewableenergy.C.Ithasonlybeenusedforacentury. D.Itcanbegotfromfossilfuels.29.WhatmightNOTbetheadvantageofgeothermalenergy?A.Variouswaysofusingit. B.Availableallthetime.C.Environmentallyfriendly. D.Cheapandeasytocollect.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”inPara.4referto?A.Whateffectsgeothermalenergyhasonourlives.B.Howsolarenergyandwindenergyarestored.C.Whatsolarpowerandwindpowerrelyon.D.Howgeothermalenergycanbeused.31.Whyarepeopleturningtooilwellsforgeothermalenergy?A.Toreducethecosts. B.Tolimitgeothermalprojects.C.Totakecareoftheenvironment. D.Totrytosaveandmakefulluseofenergy.【答案】28.A29.D30.C31.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地热能这种可再生能源的来源、利用方式、优势以及面临的挑战，并提到了一种利用现有油井来降低地热能开采成本的新思路。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段““Geothermal(地热的)”powerisbasedontheheatthatcomesfromdeepinsidetheearth.(地热能是基于来自地球深处的热量。)”可知，地热能是从地球深处收集的。故选A。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ingeneral,thoughgeothermalenergyrequiresdrilling(钻孔)deepintotheearth.Therearemanydifferentwaysofcollectingtheheatanddifferentwaysofusingit.Butthesegeothermalwellscaneasilyproducehugeamountsofheatandelectricityforhundredsofyears—allwithoutpollution(一般来说，尽管地热能需要深入地球进行钻探。收集热量和使用热量的方法有很多种。但这些地热井可以毫不费力地为数百年提供大量的热量和电力——而且完全没有污染)”可知，地热能的优点包括使用它的各种方式、随时可用以及环保，因此选项A、B、C都是地热能的优点；根据文章第四段“However,geothermalenergyalsofacesabigchallenge—drillingdowndeepenoughtocreateageothermalplantishard,anditcostsalotofmoney(然而，地热能也面临着一个巨大的挑战——钻探足够深以建造一个地热发电厂是困难的，而且需要花费大量的金钱)”可知，地热能的收集并不容易且成本很高，所以选项D不是地热能的优点。故选D。【30题详析】词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Solarpowerdependsonthesun,andwindpowerdependsonwind.Thatmeansthattheyarenotconstant(太阳能依赖于太阳，风能依赖于风。这意味着它们不是恒定的)”可知，That指代的是前面两句话的内容，即“太阳能依赖于太阳，风能依赖于风”，也就是太阳能和风能所依赖的东西。故选C。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thecostsofallthisdrillingareabigpartofwhathaslimitedgeothermalprojects.Butnowpeoplearestartingtothinkaboutacleverideathatcouldmakegeothermalenergyfarcheaper:usingoilwellsthatarealreadythere(所有这些钻探的成本是限制地热项目的一个重要因素。但现在人们开始考虑一个可以使地热能便宜得多的聪明想法：利用已经存在的油井)”可知，人们转向油井来获取地热能是为了降低成本。故选A。DThomasScovel,oneofthefirstprofessorsfromtheUnitedStatestoteachataChineseuniversity,returnedtohisoldschoolrecentlytomakeadonation(捐赠)foroneofhisformerstudents.ScovelwasactuallyborninJining,Shandongprovince,in1939asthesonofadoctorfromAmericaandlaterreturnedtotheUS.HecamebacktoChinain1979totakeupateachingpositionatTianjinForeignStudiesUniversity.Theformerprofessor,whohaswrittenabookaboutthegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceinChinasincereformandopening-upwasintroducedin1978,tooktothestageattheuniversity’s60thanniversarycelebrationonSept28topresentacheckfor2.2millionyuan($300,000)totheuniversityforhisformerstudentYangBin.Thedonationwillgotowardakindofscholarship(奖学金)andawardsforteachers,andaddstoanearlier2millionyuandonatedbyYangin2014.Thecashwaspaidtostudentsasawardsforexhibitingexceptionalleadership,athleticskillsandaspiritofbeinghelpfulandgenerous.Fortheteachingawards,theyhavebeennamedafterScovelandhiswifeJanene,whoalsotaughtattheuniversity.ZhouHonglei,theuniversity’sleader,recognizedScovelas“oneofthefirstforeignprofessorstojourneyfromtheUStoChina”.Scovelwroteamessagefortheuniversity’s60thanniversarycelebration,reflectingonthelate1970swhenChinabeganitsjourneyofreformandopening-up.From1979on,Scovelonlyreturnedtotheuniversityin2014forits50thanniversary.Inoneofhiswritings,herememberedencounteringashortpoliticalphraseputuponthewallpromotingthethenpopular“fourmodernizations”onabillboard,whichread,“CatchupwithandovertakeJapanbytheYear2000!”“LittledidIknowthatnotlongafterthenewmillennium(千年),ChinawouldfarovertakeJapanintermsofexportstotheUS,”hesaid.ScovelnotedthesignificantchangesinChinasince1978.“Fortyyearsago,itwasalmostunimaginablethat,intoday’sChina,numerouspeoplewouldhavetheirownhouses,haveacarandthatphoneswouldbemorecommonthanfountainpens,”hesaid.32.WhatcanweknowaboutThomasScovel?A.Hehascompletedabookabouthisfamily.B.HehasmostlylivedinChinasince1979.C.Heonceworkedasadoctor.D.Heisinhiseightiesnow.33.WhydidYangBindonatethemoneytotheuniversity?A.Torewardteachersandstudents.B.Topurchasesometeachingequipment.C.Toofferpoorstudentssomeeducationfees.D.Tohelpwiththeconstructionofsomebuildings.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“encountering”inthefifthparagraphmean?A.Dependingon. B.Comingacross. C.Breakinginto. D.Turningin.35.Whatisasuitabletitleforthenewsreport?A.USprofessordescribesgreatchangesinChinasince1978B.Scovelwritesamessageforuniversity’s60thanniversaryC.USprofessormakesspeechesatTianjinForeignStudiesUniversityD.ScoveltakesupateachingpositionatTianjinForeignStudiesUniversity【答案】32.D33.A34.B35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述的是美国教授托马斯·斯科维尔重返中国高校，为其曾教过的学生捐赠奖学金，并回顾了自1978年中国改革开放以来的巨大变迁。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ScovelwasactuallyborninJining,Shandongprovince,in1939asthesonofadoctorfromAmericaandlaterreturnedtotheUS.(斯科维尔1939年出生于山东省济宁市，父亲是一名美国医生，后来回到美国。)”可知，关于托马斯·斯科维尔我们能知道他现在八十多岁了。故选D项。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thedonationwillgotowardakindofscholarship(奖学金)andawardsforteachers,andaddstoanearlier2millionyuandonatedbyYangin2014.Thecashwaspaidtostudentsasawardsforexhibitingexceptionalleadership,athleticskillsandaspiritofbeinghelpfulandgenerous.(这笔捐款将用于教师奖学金和奖励，这是杨先生在2014年捐赠的200万元的基础上的又一笔捐款。这笔钱是作为对表现出卓越领导能力、运动技能以及乐于助人和慷慨精神的学生的奖励。)”可知，杨先生把钱捐给学校是为了奖励老师和学生。故选A项。【34题详析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…ashortpoliticalphraseputuponthewallpromotingthethenpopular“fourmodernizations”onabillboard,whichread,“CatchupwithandovertakeJapanbytheYear2000!”(……一个简短的政治标语，用来宣传当时流行的“四个现代化”，上面写着：“到2000年赶上并超过日本！”他说：“我一点也不知道，在新千年之后不久，中国对美国的出口将远远超过日本。”)”由此可知，此处为他记得在一个广告牌上看到了一个简短的政治标语。故可猜测划线单词encountering为“看到”的意思，和B选项Comingacross“偶遇”意思相近。故选B项。【35题详析】主旨大意题。根据全文，尤其是第三段中“Theformerprofessor,whohaswrittenabookaboutthegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceinChinasincereformandopening-upwasintroducedin1978(这位前教授写了一本关于中国自1978年改革开放以来发生的巨大变化的书)”和第四段以及最后一段中的“ScovelnotedthesignificantchangesinChinasince1978.(斯科维尔指出，中国自1978年以来发生了重大变化。)”可知，这篇新闻报道的合适标题是“一位美国教授描述了1978年以来中国的巨大变化”。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrownup,andoldpeoplewishingtheywereyoungagain?____36____.Thehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachagegiveshimwithoutwastinghistimeonuselessregrets.Childhoodisatimewhentherearefewresponsibilitiesfortheirfamilies’life.Ifachildhasgoodparents,heisfed,lookedafterandloved,whateverhemaydo.Itisimpossiblethathewilleveragaininhisfuturelifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtodoanythinginreturn.____37____-thingsolderpeoplehavelostinterestinbecausetheyaretoocommon.____38____.Heisnotsofreetodowhathewishestodo.Heiscontinuallybeingtoldnottodothingsorbeingpunishedforsomethingwronghehasdone.Whenayoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayforhisfood,hisclothes,andhisroom.____39____.Ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaythatheusedtoasachild,hewillgohungry.Andifhebreaksthelawsofsocietyasheusedtobreakthelawsofhisparents,hemaygotoprison.____40____ifheworkshard,keepsoutoftroubleandhasgoodhealth.A.Butachildhashisparents.B.Eachagehasitspleasuresanditspains.C.Ateenagershouldlearntotakecareofothers.D.Hehastoworkifhewantstolivecomfortably.E.Besides,lifeisalwayspresentingnewthingstothechild.F.Theycantellhimwhatheshoulddowhenhehasproblemsinlife.G.Hecanhavethegreathappinessofsettinguphisownpositioninsociety.【答案】36.B37.E38.A39.D40.G【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了一个人如果能很好地利用生命中的每一个年龄，他就是最幸福的。【36题详析】根据上文“Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrownup,andoldpeoplewishingtheywereyoungagain?(有多少次我们听到孩子们希望自己长大了，老人希望自己再年轻？)以及下文“Thehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachagegiveshimwithoutwastinghistimeonuselessregrets.(最幸福的人是享受每个年龄给他的东西，而不是把时间浪费在无谓的后悔上。)”可知，上文提到孩子希望长大，老人希望年轻，下文讲述不同年龄段的快乐与痛苦，B选项Eachagehasitspleasuresanditspains.(每个年龄段都有它的快乐和痛苦。)可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，符合语境。故选B项。【37题详析】根据上文“Itisimpossiblethathewilleveragaininhisfuturelifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtodoanythinginreturn.(在他未来的生活中，他不可能再得到这么多而不需要做任何回报。)”以及下文“thingsolderpeoplehavelostinterestinbecausetheyaretoocommon.(老年人已经对这些东西失去了兴趣，因为它们太常见了。)”可知，上文说孩子在童年被给予很多却无需回报，下文提到老人失去兴趣的事物，E选项Besides,lifeisalwayspresentingnewthingstothechild.(此外，生活总是给孩子呈现新事物。)可知，说明孩子童年除了被照顾，还能接触新事物，衔接自然，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。【38题详析】根据下文“Heisnotsofreetodowhathewishestodo.Heiscontinuallybeingtoldnottodothingsorbeingpunishedforsomethingwronghehasdone.(他不能自由地做他想做的事。他不断被告知不要做某事，或者因为他做错了什么而受到惩罚。)”可知，该段后文讲述孩子不自由，会被限制和惩罚，A选项Butachildhashisparents.(但是孩子有父母。)可知，引出下文父母对孩子的约束，符合逻辑。故选A项。【39题详析】根据上文“Whenayoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayforhisfood,hisclothes,andhisroom.(当一个年轻人开始自己谋生时，他就不能再指望别人为他的衣食住行买单了。)”可知，前文说年轻人开始自己谋生，就不能指望别人为他支付生活费用，D选项Hehastoworkifhewantstolivecomfortably.(如果他想生活舒适，就必须工作。)可知，说明年轻人需要工作来维持生活，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进。故选D项。【40题详析】根据上文“Andifhebreaksthelawsofsocietyasheusedtobreakthelawsofhisparents,hemaygotoprison.(如果他违反社会的法律，就像他曾经违反他父母的法律一样，他可能会进监狱。)”可知，前文提到年轻人若不努力工作或违法会面临不好的结果，此句用but转折，G选项Hecanhavethegreathappinessofsettinguphisownpositioninsociety.(他能在社会上建立自己的地位，从而获得巨大的幸福。)可知，说明年轻人努力工作会有好的结果，符合语境。故选G项。第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。HussamAl-Attar,a15-year-oldboyinGaza,isabletobuildadevicetoprovideelectricityforthelightsofthetentheisstayinginwithhisfamily.Al-Attargottwofansatamarketandusedthemtocreatesmallwindturbines(涡轮机)toproduceelectricity.His____41____ledothersinthecampwherehestayedtostartcallinghimthe“NewtonofGaza”.Thatis____42____theEnglishscientist,IsaacNewton.Newtonis____43____hismajor____44____discoveriesinthefieldsofphysics,mathematicsandastronomymorethan300yearsago.Afamous____45____aboutNewtondescribeshowanapplefallingonhisheadledhimtodiscoverthe____46____ofgravity(重力).Al-Attarandhisfamilyarestayinginatentthatis____47____attachedto(附着)ahouse.Hewasabletoclimbontotheroofto____48____thetwofans,oneabovetheother.Thewindcould____49____thefans,whichproducedsmallamountsofelectricity.Hethenconnectedthefanstowiresandbuiltachargingstation.Al-Attaralsodesignedswitches(开关)to_____50_____alightingsystemmadeoutofwood.Al-Attartriedtodesignthedevicebut_____51_____twice,andittookhimalotoftimetodevelopaworkingsystem.Hestarteddevelopingitfurther,bitbybit,_____52_____hewasabletoextendthewiresthroughtheroomtothetent,sothatthetentwouldhavelight.Hewasha