广东省佛山市三校2025届高三1月第一次模拟考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东省佛山市三校2025届高三1月第一次模拟考试英语试题一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。AAComprehensiveExplorationofYellowstoneNationalParkNestledprimarilywithinthestateofWyoming,YellowstoneNationalParkextendsitsvastexpanseintoMontanaandIdaho.Establishedin1872astheworld’sfirstnationalpark,ithassincebecomeagloballyrenowneddestination,attractingmillionsofvisitorseachyearwithitsunparalleledgeothermalphenomenaanddiverseecosystems.GeologicalMarvelsThepark’sextraordinarylandscapeisatestamenttothedynamicforcesofnaturethathaveshapeditovermillionsofyears.Situatedatopamassivevolcaniccaldera,Yellowstoneisalivinglaboratoryofgeologicalactivity.Volcaniceruptionsandgeothermalprocesseshavesculptedaterrainrichwithgeysers,hotsprings,andmudpots.TheiconicOldFaithfulGeyser,knownforitspredictableeruptions,drawscountlessvisitorsdaily.Meanwhile,theGrandPrismaticSpring,withitsvibrant,multicoloredwaters,showcasesthepark’sunparalleledbeauty.DiverseEcosystemsYellowstone’sdiversehabitats—rangingfromdenseforeststoalpinemeadowsandfromriverstolakes—supportawidearrayofwildlife.Bison,elk,andbearsroamfreely,makingtheparkaprimedestinationforwildlifeenthusiasts.Thepark’sforests,composedlargelyoflodgepolepine,provideshelterfornumerousspecies,whileitsriversandlakessupportathrivingaquaticecosystem.ExploringtheParkVisitorshavenumerousoptionsforexperiencingYellowstone’swonders.TheGrandLoopRoad,ascenicdrivethattraversesthepark’smajorattractions,offersglimpsesofgeysers,waterfalls,andwildlife.Forthoseseekingamoreimmersiveexperience,over1,000milesofhikingtrailsprovideaccesstosecludedvalleys,ruggedpeaks,andcascadingwaterfalls.Additionally,thepark’shistoriclodgesandcabinsofferaglimpseintoitsstoriedpast.SeasonalVariationsYellowstone’sallurechangeswiththeseasons.Thepeaktouristseason,fromJunetoAugust,ischaracterizedbywarmweatherandabundantwildlifeactivity.However,thefallmonths,withtheircoolertemperaturesandfewercrowds,offeramoretranquilexperience.Winter,whilelimitingaccessduetoheavysnowfall,transformstheparkintoaserenewonderlandidealforsnowmobiling,cross-countryskiing,andwildlifeviewing.Notably,manyroadsandattractionsareclosedfromDecembertoMarch,makingadvancedplanningessentialforwintervisitors.1.WhichgeologicalfeatureiscentraltoYellowstoneNationalPark’suniquelandscape?A.AmassivevolcaniccalderaB.ExtensiveriversystemsC.DenseforestcoverD.Glacialvalleys2.WhatbestdescribestheGrandLoopRoadinYellowstoneNationalPark?A.AhikingtrailthatleadstosecludedvalleysB.AscenicdrivethattraversesmajorattractionsC.AhistoricrouteusedforwildlifemigrationD.Adesignatedareaforsnowmobilinginwinter3.WhydoesYellowstoneNationalParkexperiencelimitedaccessduringthewintermonths?A.DuetoheavysnowfallandroadclosuresB.ToprotectendangeredplantspeciesC.BecauseofincreasedvolcanicactivityD.Toallowforwildlifehibernation【答案】1.A2.B3.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，文章详细描述了黄石国家公园的地理位置、地质特征、生态系统多样性、游览方式以及不同季节的特点。通过介绍公园的独特景观，引导读者了解其自然之美和科学价值。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Situatedatopamassivevolcaniccaldera,Yellowstoneisalivinglaboratoryofgeologicalactivity.(黄石国家公园位于一个巨大的火山口之上，是一个地质活动的活实验室。)”可知，火山口是黄石国家公园地质活动的基础，它导致了间歇泉、温泉和泥浆池等地热现象的形成。这些地热现象是黄石国家公园区别于其他自然景观的最显著特征。因此，火山口是黄石国家公园独特景观的核心地质特征。故选A项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“TheGrandLoopRoad,ascenicdrivethattraversesthepark’smajorattractions,offersglimpsesofgeysers,waterfalls,andwildlife.(大环路是一条风景优美的驾车路线，穿越公园的主要景点，沿途可以欣赏到间歇泉、瀑布和野生动物。)”可知，GrandLoopRoad是黄石国家公园内的一条重要道路，专为游客设计，以便他们能够方便地游览公园的主要景点。这条道路不仅提供了便利的交通，还让游客能够欣赏到公园的自然美景。故选B项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Winter,whilelimitingaccessduetoheavysnowfall,transformstheparkintoaserenewonderlandidealforsnowmobiling,cross-countryskiing,andwildlifeviewing.(冬季，由于大雪限制了通行，公园变成了一个宁静的仙境，适合雪地摩托、越野滑雪和观赏野生动物。)”可知，冬季黄石国家公园的大部分地区被大雪覆盖，导致许多道路无法通行。为了游客的安全和管理的便利，公园在冬季会关闭部分道路和景点。因此，选项A是正确的。其他选项与原文内容不符。故选A项。BMalalaYousafzaiiswidelyacknowledgedasoneofthepreeminentyoungactivistsontheglobalstage.Amonghernumerousaccoladesareherrolesasanadvocateforeducation,ahumanrightsactivist,andaNobelPeacePrizelaureate.BorninMingora,Pakistan,in1997,Malalaencounteredformidablechallengesfromatenderage,yetsheemergedasaglobalemblemofresilienceandunwaveringdetermination.Atthetenderageof11,Malalaembarkedonheradvocacyforgirls’educationinherhometown,undeterredbythethreatsemanatingfromtheTaliban,whovehementlyopposedfemaleeducation.Herremarkablecourageandtenacitygarneredinternationalattention,butitalsorenderedherahigh-profiletarget.In2012,shewasthevictimofabrutalattackbyagunmanwhileenroutehomefromschool.Theassassinationattempt,intendedtosilenceher,paradoxicallyamplifiedhervoiceontheglobalstage,propellinghermessagetoaninternationalaudience.HowdidMalalaYousafzaitransmuteadversityintoadvocacyandascendtoglobaliconstatus?Followingherarduousrecovery,shepersistedinchampioningtherighttoeducation.HerinauguralspeechattheUnitedNationsin2013representedaseminalmomentinhertrajectory.Subsequently,sheco-authoredhermemoir,“IAmMalala,”whichascendedtointernationalbestsellerstatus.In2014,attheprecociousageof17,shewasconferredtheNobelPeacePrize,becomingtheyoungest-everlaureateforhervaliantstruggleagainstthesuppressionofchildrenandyoungpeopleandfortheuniversalrighttoeducation.Malala’sactivismtranscendstherealmofeducation.Shehasleveragedherinfluentialplatformtoadvocateforhumanrights,genderequality,andpeace.Herorganization,theMalalaFund,isdedicatedtoensuringthateverygirlhasaccessto12yearsoffree,safe,andqualityeducation.Despitethemyriadchallengesshehasfaced,Malalaremainsanindomitablebeaconofhopeandinspirationformillionsacrosstheglobe.ThesalientlessonwecangleanfromMalalaYousafzai’sextraordinarylifeisthateveninthecrucibleofgreatperil,onecansummonthecouragetostandupforwhatisrightandeffectmeaningfulchange.4.Whatdoesthephrase“atarget”inParagraph2imply?A.Apersonwhoisadmired.B.Apersonwhoisprotected.C.Apersonwhoisthreatened.D.Apersonwhoisignored.5.WhateventmarkedaturningpointinMalalaYousafzai’sadvocacy?A.HerspeechattheUnitedNationsin2013.B.Thepublicationofhermemoir,“IAmMalala”.C.Herrecoveryfromtheassassinationattempt.D.HerwinningtheNobelPeacePrizein2014.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMalalaYousafzai?A.Courageousanddetermined.B.Ambitiousandcompetitive.C.Humorousandoptimistic.D.Modestandreserved.7.WhatmessagedoesMalalaYousafzai’sstoryconvey?A.Educationisthekeytoempowerment.B.Famebringsbothopportunitiesanddangers.C.Youngpeoplecanmakesignificantcontributions.D.Adversitycanbeovercomewithresilienceandhope.【答案】4.C5.C6.A7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马拉拉·优素福扎伊在巴基斯坦的成长经历、她为争取女性教育权利所做出的努力、遭受塔利班袭击后的康复以及她获得诺贝尔和平奖的过程。文章强调了马拉拉的勇气、决心和对教育的执着。【4题详析】词句猜测题。由文章第二段中“Atthetenderageof11,Malalaembarkedonheradvocacyforgirls’educationinherhometown,undeterredbythethreatsemanatingfromtheTaliban,whovehementlyopposedfemaleeducation.Herremarkablecourageandtenacitygarneredinternationalattention,butitalsorenderedherahigh-profiletarget.In2012,shewasthevictimofabrutalattackbyagunmanwhileenroutehomefromschool.(在11岁的时候，马拉拉开始在家乡倡导女孩的教育，没有被塔利班的威胁所吓倒，塔利班强烈反对女性教育。她非凡的勇气和毅力赢得了国际关注，但也使她成为备受瞩目的目标。2012年，她在放学回家的路上遭到一名枪手的野蛮袭击)”可知，马拉拉因倡导女孩教育，遭到塔利班威胁，她的勇敢和坚韧引起国际关注的同时，也使她成为了攻击目标，所以，“atarget”暗示她是一个受到威胁的人。故选C。【5题详析】推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Theassassinationattempt,intendedtosilenceher,paradoxicallyamplifiedhervoiceontheglobalstage,propellinghermessagetoaninternationalaudience.(这次暗杀企图本意是为了让她沉默，但反而使她的声音在国际舞台上被放大，将她的信息推向了国际观众)”可知，马拉拉在遭受枪击后，她的康复过程引起了全球的关注，她的声音在国际舞台上被放大。这次事件使她的故事和主张得到了更广泛的传播，成为她倡导活动的一个转折点。故选C。【6题详析】推理判断题。由文章第一段中“BorninMingora,Pakistan,in1997,Malalaencounteredformidablechallengesfromatenderage,yetsheemergedasaglobalemblemofresilienceandunwaveringdetermination.(马拉拉于1997年出生于巴基斯坦明戈拉，从小就遇到了巨大的挑战，但她成为了坚韧和坚定不移的决心的全球象征)”和第二段中“Atthetenderageof11,Malalaembarkedonheradvocacyforgirls’educationinherhometown,undeterredbythethreatsemanatingfromtheTaliban,whovehementlyopposedfemaleeducation. Herremarkablecourageandtenacitygarneredinternationalattention,butitalsorenderedherahigh-profiletarget.(在11岁的时候，马拉拉开始在家乡倡导女孩的教育，没有被塔利班的威胁所吓倒，塔利班强烈反对女性教育。她非凡的勇气和毅力赢得了国际关注，但也使她成为备受瞩目的目标)”以及第四段中“Despitethemyriadchallengesshehasfaced,Malalaremainsanindomitablebeaconofhopeandinspirationformillionsacrosstheglobe.(尽管面临无数挑战，马拉拉仍然是全球数百万人的希望和灵感的不屈不挠的灯塔)”可知，马拉拉在11岁就开始倡导女孩教育，不畏塔利班威胁，即便遭遇枪击事件后仍坚持为教育权利奋斗，仍然坚持自己的信念，这种勇气和决心贯穿了她的整个故事。故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“ThesalientlessonwecangleanfromMalalaYousafzai’sextraordinarylifeisthateveninthecrucibleofgreatperil,onecansummonthecouragetostandupforwhatisrightandeffectmeaningfulchange.(我们可以从马拉拉·优素福扎伊非凡的一生中吸取的重要教训是，即使在巨大危险的严峻考验中，人们也可以鼓起勇气，坚持正确的事情，实现有意义的变革)”可知，她在面临巨大危险和诸多挑战的情况下，依然勇敢地为正确的事情挺身而出并带来有意义的改变，这表明逆境可以通过韧性和希望来克服。故选D。CIhaveaccumulatedasubstantialdegreeoffamiliaritywithToastmasters,anorganizationthatissteadfastlycommittedtoaidingindividualsinsurmountingtheirapprehensionsrelatedtopublicspeaking.ItwasseveralyearsagothatIinitiallyjoinedthisesteemedgroup,drivenbytheearnestdesiretoaugmentmyownoratoricalcapabilities.Subsequenttodeliveringoneofmyspeeches,thecritiqueIreceivedwasratherharsh,andregardlessofwhetheritwasintendedtobeconstructive,theprocessofassimilatingsuchfeedbackprovedtobeaformidablechallenge,leavingmefeelingemotionallydistressed.ThroughoutmyassociationwithToastmasters,Ihavegleanedamultitudeofvaluableinsights,oneofthemostsalientbeingthepivotalroleofeffectivefeedback.Foradults,theactofembracingcriticalevaluationsfromothersisoftenanarduousendeavor,evenwhensuchcritiquesarewell-intentioned.Thus,itcomesasnosurprisethatchildren,too,mayencounterconsiderabledifficultiesinthisregard.Nevertheless,thefeedbackthatchildrenreceivefromeducatorsandparentsisundeniablyvitaltotheiroverallgrowthanddevelopment.Consequently,itbehoovesparentstonotonlymastertheartofdeliveringfeedbackinamannerthatisbotheffectiveandempatheticbutalsotoinstillintheirchildrentheabilitytoreceivesuchfeedbackwithanopenmindandadiscerningspirit.Themannerinwhichparentsconveytheirfeedbackisofequalsignificancetothespecificlexiconemployed.Whileonemayharborthebestintentions,poorlyarticulatedfeedbackcan,paradoxically,provetobemoredetrimentalthanbeneficial.Itisimperative,therefore,tocultivateanenvironmentwithinthehomethatisbothwelcomingandsecure,facilitatingthereceptionandprocessingoffeedback.Particularlywithintheparent-childdynamic,feedbackmustbehealthy,constructive,andconsistent.Thechoiceofwords,too,isofparamountimportance.InarecentarticlepublishedinTheNewYorkTimes,Dr.AdamGrant,adistinguishedorganizationalpsychologistattheWhartonSchool,positsthatemployingnounsratherthanverbstoencouragechildrenis“22to29percentmoreeffective.”However,whenitcomestoprovidingnegativefeedback,theuseofverbsgenerallyyieldsmoreadvantageousoutcomes.Aparent’sfeedbackservesasthefoundationalframeworkforhowachildwillsubsequentlymanagetheirinternaldialogue.Consider,forinstance,aconversationyoumighthavewithyourchildregardingtheiraspirationsandgoals.Yourfeedbackhasthepotentialnotonlytospurthemtoconcentrateontheircurrentpositionbutalsotoreflectupontheprogresstheyhavemadethusfar.Thistypeoffeedbackcan,inturn,inspirethemtopersevereandultimatelyreachtheirdesireddestination.8.WhydoestheauthorsharetheirexperiencewithToastmasters?A.Toillustratetheimportanceofjoiningpublicspeakingclubs.B.Todemonstratetheimpactofharshfeedback.C.Toemphasizethenecessityofproperfeedbackinpersonalgrowth.D.Toexplaintheprimaryfunctionoffeedbackinskilldevelopment.9.AccordingtoDr.AdamGrant,whichtypesoffeedbackareconsideredeffective?①You’reabighelper.②You’reapoormathlearner.③You’vebeenhelpfulthisafternoon.④Youdidn’tdowellonthismathtest.A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④10.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“spur”inthelastparagraph?A.Restrict.B.Observe.C.Persuade.D.Motivate.11.Whichofthefollowingbestcapturesthemainideaofthepassage?A.StrategiesforRespondingtoConstructiveCriticism.B.TheImportanceofReceivingFeedbackwithOpenness.C.TechniquesforDeliveringEffectiveFeedback.D.TheRoleofPublicSpeakinginPersonalDevelopment.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.C【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章通过作者在Toastmasters的经历，强调了反馈在个人成长中的关键作用，并探讨了如何有效地给予和接受反馈。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“IhaveaccumulatedasubstantialdegreeoffamiliaritywithToastmasters,anorganizationthatissteadfastlycommittedtoaidingindividualsinsurmountingtheirapprehensionsrelatedtopublicspeaking.ItwasseveralyearsagothatIinitiallyjoinedthisesteemedgroup,drivenbytheearnestdesiretoaugmentmyownoratoricalcapabilities.Subsequenttodeliveringoneofmyspeeches,thecritiqueIreceivedwasratherharsh,andregardlessofwhetheritwasintendedtobeconstructive,theprocessofassimilatingsuchfeedbackprovedtobeaformidablechallenge,leavingmefeelingemotionallydistressed.(我对Toastmasters已经积累了相当程度的熟悉，这是一个坚定地致力于帮助个人克服与公开演讲有关的恐惧的组织。几年前，我第一次加入这个受人尊敬的团体，是出于增强自己演讲能力的强烈愿望。在我的一次演讲之后，我收到的批评相当严厉，不管它是否具有建设性，吸收这些反馈的过程证明是一个巨大的挑战，让我感到情绪低落)”以及第二段“ThroughoutmyassociationwithToastmasters,Ihavegleanedamultitudeofvaluableinsights,oneofthemostsalientbeingthepivotalroleofeffectivefeedback.(在我与Toastmasters的交往中，我收集了许多有价值的见解，其中最突出的是有效反馈的关键作用)”可知，作者通过自己的经历，说明了反馈对个人成长的重要性。他提到，尽管反馈有时可能让人感到不适，但它对于个人的成长和发展是不可或缺的。故选C项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thechoiceofwords,too,isofparamountimportance.InarecentarticlepublishedinTheNewYorkTimes,Dr.AdamGrant,adistinguishedorganizationalpsychologistattheWhartonSchool,positsthatemployingnounsratherthanverbstoencouragechildrenis“22to29percentmoreeffective.”However,whenitcomestoprovidingnegativefeedback,theuseofverbsgenerallyyieldsmoreadvantageousoutcomes.(词汇的选择也是至关重要的。沃顿商学院杰出的组织心理学家亚当·格兰特博士最近在《纽约时报》上发表的一篇文章中指出，用名词而不是动词来鼓励孩子的效果“要高出22%到29%”。然而，当涉及到提供负面反馈时，使用动词通常会产生更有利的结果)”可知，有效的正面反馈应该是使用名词，而有效的负面反馈应该是使用动词。选项①“You’reabighelper”使用了名词，是有效的正面反馈；选项④“Youdidn’tdowellonthismathtest.”使用了动词，是有效的负面反馈。故选B项。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Thistypeoffeedbackcan,inturn,inspirethemtopersevereandultimatelyreachtheirdesireddestination.(这种类型的反馈反过来又能激励他们坚持下去，最终达到他们想要的目标)”以及划线词后文“themtoconcentrateontheircurrentposition”可知，这种反馈能激励他们坚持下去，推动他们向前，实现最终目标，即反馈可以激励他们专注于目前的职位，故“spur”一词的意思是“刺激”或“激励”，与D项意思相近。故选D。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段“ThroughoutmyassociationwithToastmasters,Ihavegleanedamultitudeofvaluableinsights,oneofthemostsalientbeingthepivotalroleofeffectivefeedback.(在我与Toastmasters的交往中，我收集了许多有价值的见解，其中最突出的是有效反馈的关键作用)”和倒数第二段“Thechoiceofwords,too,isofparamountimportance.InarecentarticlepublishedinTheNewYorkTimes,Dr.AdamGrant,adistinguishedorganizationalpsychologistattheWhartonSchool,positsthatemployingnounsratherthanverbstoencouragechildrenis“22to29percentmoreeffective.”However,whenitcomestoprovidingnegativefeedback,theuseofverbsgenerallyyieldsmoreadvantageousoutcomes.(词汇的选择也是至关重要的。沃顿商学院杰出的组织心理学家亚当·格兰特博士最近在《纽约时报》上发表的一篇文章中指出，用名词而不是动词来鼓励孩子的效果“要高出22%到29%”。然而，当涉及到提供负面反馈时，使用动词通常会产生更有利的结果)”可知，作者通过自己在Toastmasters的经历，讨论了反馈的重要性，特别是对于儿童的成长和教育。文章强调了给予和接受反馈的艺术，以及如何通过有效的反馈帮助孩子成长。故选项C“提供有效反馈的技巧”最能抓住文章的主要思想。故选C。DIfthefindingsofabunchofnewclimaticresearchesconductedrecentlyareanyguide,wearerapidlyapproachingmajorclimatechangeandtheeffectsonsocietyaswellastheenvironmentcouldbequitesevere.Geographershavemadeapredictionthatwithinthefutureeightyyears,currentworldclimatezonescouldshiftandchancesarethatsomecouldcompletelydisappear.Polarregionswillgetcolderwhiletropicalregionswillgetevenhotter,forcinganimalstomigratenorth.Climatechangeslikethesecouldleadtothespreadofdiseases.Tropicalstormsandhurricaneswillnotonlyincreaseinnumbersbutinintensityaswell.Ifthechangescometooquickly,animalandplantspeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughandcouldfaceextinction.AccordingtoScienceDaily,anewstudypredictsthatbytheyear2100,manyoftoday’sfamiliarclimateswillbereplacedbyclimatesunknownintoday’sworld.Itisurgentthatwereducetherisksofthesefar-reachingconsequencesforthesakeofthewholeworld.Theplanetearthitselfhasbeenshowingsignsofchange,whichconcernsthescientificcommunitydeeply.In2004,aserioustsunamicreatedbyamajorearthquakekilledthousandsinSumatraandin2008,thousandsdiedinChinabecauseofanothersevereearthquake.Egyptwashitin2009withamajorearthquakeandHaitiwasdevastatedin2010byyetanothermassiveearthquake.Withinjustthelastfewmonths,newreportsfromaroundtheworldhavebeencominginandmostagreethatourclimatesituationismuchworsethanpreviouslyexpected.Atthispoint,itdoesn’tmatterwhat’scausingit,butrather,whatcanbedoneaboutit.What’smore,ourworldisgettingmoreandmoreunstableeveryyear.Therehasbeenwarandthreatofwareverywhere.Naturaldisastersarebecomingmorefrequentandserious.However,astronomicalobservationshavebeenshowingsignsthatotherplanetsareexperiencingglobalwarmingaswellasourownandsomescientistsbelievetheremaybesomeconnectionbehindsuchmysteriousphenomena.Yetnooneknowsanythingforsureatthispointbecausethereissimplynotenoughdata.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devastated”inParagraph3mean?A.shocked. B.destroyed. C.frightened. D.impacted.13.Theexamplesofseveraldestructiveearthquakesareusedtosupporttheideathat______.A.Earthquakeshavecausedsignificantdamagetothehumansociety.B.Measuresmustbetakentopreventfutureearthquakesfromcausingdamage.C.Somemajorchangesseemtobetakingplaceontheplanetearth.D.Theprobabilityofmoreearthquakeshappeninginthefutureremainsstrong.14.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,howshouldwereacttoclimatechange?A.Weshouldexplorethereasonsforclimatechange.B.Weshouldexplorepossiblemeasurestodealwithit.C.Weshouldstopenvironmentalpollutioncompletely.D.Weshouldplantomovetootherplanetsassoonaspossible.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Specieswon’tbecomeextinctaslongasclimatechangehappensslowly.B.There’senoughdataathandforustopredictthefutureofclimatechange.C.Theworldisgettingmoreunstablebecauseoflarge-scalemigration.D.Theearthisnotaloneinexperiencingmajorclimatechangescurrently.【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了气候变化对地球及社会环境的严重影响。【12题详析】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前面的内容“ In2004,aserioustsunamicreatedbyamajorearthquakekilledthousandsinSumatraandin2008,thousandsdiedinChinabecauseofanothersevereearthquake.(2004年，一场大地震引发的严重海啸在苏门答腊岛造成数千人死亡，2008年，中国又发生了一场强烈地震，造成数千人死亡)”推知，划线词所在部分是指海地在地震中受到了严重的破坏。故划线词意为“摧毁，破坏”。与选项B“destroyed(破坏)”为同义词。故选B。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Theplanetearthitselfhasbeenshowingsignsofchange,whichconcernsthescientificcommunitydeeply.(地球本身已经显示出变化的迹象，这引起了科学界的深切关注)”可知，作者举出几个破坏性地震的例子是为了支持地球正在发生重大变化的观点。故选C。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Withinjustthelastfewmonths,newreportsfromaroundtheworldhavebeencominginandmostagreethatourclimatesituationismuchworsethanpreviouslyexpected.Atthispoint,itdoesn’tmatterwhat’scausingit,butrather,whatcanbedoneaboutit.(在过去的几个月里，世界各地不断传来新的报告，大多数报告都认为我们的气候状况比先前预料的要糟糕得多。在这个时候，是什么原因造成的并不重要，重要的是我们能做些什么)”可知，对于气候变化，我们应该探索可能的应对措施，而不是纠结其原因。故选B。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However,astronomicalobservationshavebeenshowingsignsthatotherplanetsareexperiencingglobalwarmingaswellasourownandsomescientistsbelievetheremaybesomeconnectionbehindsuchmysteriousphenomena.(然而，天文观测已经显示出其他星球也在经历全球变暖的迹象，就像我们自己的地球一样，一些科学家认为这些神秘现象背后可能存在着某种联系)”可知，地球并非唯一正在经历重大气候变化的星球，其他星球也在经历类似的变化。故选D。二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。ThePowerofThinkingDifferentlyJustinthepastfewweeks,mywifehasbecomethesupporteroftheconceptofzero-wasteliving.Zero-wasteisobviouslyaboutchangingbehaviorstoproducelesswaste.Butasmywifesharedwithmealltheinventivewayspeoplearegettingaroundusingplasticorreusingclothesorcontrollingthedesiretoaccrue(积累)thingswedon’treallyneed,Irealizedthat,zero-wastestartswithsomethingelse.___16___Andinmanyways,thefirststep,whichissimplybeingwillingtodosomethingdifferently,canbethehardeststepofall.ThiscametomindasIreadacoverstoryineducation.Ostensibly(表面上),it’saboutmoreandmorecollegesagreeingtodropstandardizedtestsasarequiredmeasureofstudentaptitude(天赋).___17___Thatisalwaysgoingtobehard.Butinrecentdecades,collegeshaverealizedthattheoldwaysofjudgingindividualvalue,whilenotnecessarilywrong,werenarrow.Whiletheyidentifiedonekindofstudentwell,theydidnotaccountforawiderangeofexperiences,skills,andqualitiesthatwerenolessimportanttoachievementandsuccess.___18___Thetestsweren’tgoodenough.Schoolscoulddobetter.Sowhathashappened?Schoolsareincreasinglyconsentingtothinkdifferentlyaboutadmissions.Theyhaveresolvedtodothebesttheycantoseethewholeindividual.___19___Somethinkdroppingmandatorystandardizedtestsisamistake.However,oncethefirststepistaken,theonwardpullofreasonandmoralityspeedprogress.Atatimewhenthereappearstobesomuchconfusionintheworld,itispossibletolookoutandinsteadseesomethingelse:theworldstrugglingwiththeperpetual(长久的)taskofconsentingtonewideas.Politicstodayshowhoweasilywecanbecomestuckinthementallyfamiliar.___20___Thatcanbeanadmissionsofficerwantingtobemorethoughtfulinextendingthebenefitsthatherschooloffers.Oritcanbeazero-wastebloggeraskingusalltothinkdifferentlyabouthowwecontributetogreaterbalanceintheworld.Theonlyconstantistheuniversalneedforprogress,andthatwillneverleaveuswhereitfoundus.A.Itstartswithconsenting(同意)tochangethought.B.Undoubtedlytherehavebeenmisstepsalongtheway.C.Inshort,theyleftalotofamazingpeopleoutanddidn’tevenknowit.D.Butatitsheart,itrevealssomethingmorefundamental:howwejudgeindividualvalue.E.Theyofferthemostchallengingacademicprogramsandensureeverystudent’sphysicalandmentalhealth.F.Theworld,ontheotherhand,isconstantlydemandingthatwebekinderandmoreconnectedandthinkeverlarger.G.Manyuniversitiesknowntobehighlyselectiveintheiradmissionspoliciesreceivedmoreapplicantsthanusual.【答案】16.A17.D18.C19.G20.F【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。本文讲述了不同思维方式的力量，通过零浪费生活和大学录取标准的变化来阐述这一主题。【16题详析】上文“Butasmywifesharedwithmealltheinventivewayspeoplearegettingaroundusingplasticorreusingclothesorcontrollingthedesiretoaccruethingswedon’treallyneed,Irealizedthat,zero-wastestartswithsomethingelse.(但当我妻子和我分享人们想出的各种方法来避免使用塑料、重复使用衣服或控制购买我们并不真正需要的东西的欲望时，我意识到，零浪费始于其他的东西。)”说明“零浪费”不仅仅是一种行为上的改变，其背后有更深的含义。下文“Andinmanyways,thefirststep,whichissimplybeingwillingtodosomethingdifferently,canbethehardeststepofall.(在很多方面，第一步，也就是愿意以不同的方式做事，可能是最难的一步。)”强调了改变思想或思维方式的重要性，这是实现零浪费的第一步，也是最难的一步。选项A“它始于同意改变思想”符合语境，起到了承上启下的作用。故选A。【17题详析】上文“Ostensibly,it’saboutmoreandmorecollegesagreeingtodropstandardizedtestsasarequiredmeasureofstudentaptitude.(表面上，这是关于越来越多的大学同意放弃将标准化考试作为学生能力的必要衡量标准。)”介绍了越来越多的大学同意放弃将标准化考试作为学生能力的必要衡量标准这一现象。空处需要解释这一变化背后的更深层次原因。选项D“但在其核心，它揭示了更根本的东西：我们如何判断个人价值”符合语境，揭示了这一变化背后的核心问题，即我们如何判断个人价值。故选D。【18题详析】上文“Whiletheyidentifiedonekindofstudentwell,theydidnotaccountforawiderangeofexperiences,skills,andqualitiesthatwerenolessimportanttoachievementandsuccess.(虽然他们很好地识别出了一种类型的学生，但他们并没有考虑到一系列对成就和成功同样重要的经验、技能和品质。)”指出了过去判断学生价值的方式的局限性。选项C“简而言之，他们错过了很多优秀的人，甚至都不知道”符合语境，进一步说明了这种局限性导致的后果，即很多优秀的人被忽视。故选C。【19题详析】上文“Theyhaveresolvedtodothebesttheycantoseethewholeindividual.(他们决心尽自己所能看到学生的全貌。)”说明了学校在录取学生时，不再仅仅看重标准化考试的成绩，而是更注重学生的全面素质。选项G“许多以录取政策高度选择性而闻名的大学收到了比往常更多的申请者”符合语境，可能是因为学校改变了录取标准，吸引了更多不同类型的申请者。下文“Somethinkdroppingmandatorystandardizedtestsisamistake.(有些人认为取消强制性标准化考试是个错误。)”中的“droppingmandatorystandardizedtests”与选项G中的“highlyselectiveintheiradmissionspolicies”相呼应，进一步说明了学校录取政策的变化。故选G。【20题详析】下文“Thatcanbeanadmissionsofficerwantingtobemorethoughtfulinextendingthebenefitsthatherschooloffers.Oritcanbeazero-wastebloggeraskingusalltothinkdifferentlyabouthowwecontributetogreaterbalanceintheworld.(这可能是一位招生官想要更有思考地扩展她所在学校提供的福利。或者可能是一位零浪费博主要求我们所有人以不同的方式思考我们如何为世界更大的平衡做出贡献。)”中的“thinkingdifferently”与选项F中的“thinkeverlarger”相呼应，进一步说明了我们需要改变思维方式，以更广阔的视野来看待问题。选项F“另一方面，世界不断地要求我们更加善良、更加团结，思考得更广泛”符合语境。故选F。三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。FlyingovertheBraziliancityofSaoPaolo,peoplehardlymissthe3.2-kilometer-longand100-meter-widegreentreesbetweenthecity’sbusiestroads.ItisknownasTiquatiraLinearPark,anditistheworkofasinglemanwhohasworked____21____forover20years.Originally,HeliodaSilvawasasuccessfulmanagerformanyyears.Butafter____22____,hestartedplantingtreesin2003andhasn’t____23____since.Withinthefirstfouryearsofhisproject,heplanted5,000trees.Hisimpressive____24____madethegovernmentofSaoPaolo____25____hiseffortsandacknowledgetheareaasthefirstlinearparkinSaoPaulo.This____26____daSilvatocontinueplantingtrees.By2020,theretired____27____hadplantedmorethan25,047treesovera3.2-km-longarea.Forevery12trees,hehasplantedafruit-bearingspeciesinthe____28____ofattractingbirdsandanimals.Hiswork____29____,as45typesofbird