高考英语复习-第二部分-阅读理解-13-社会文化类市赛课公开课一等奖省课获奖课件

专题十三社会文化类1/26-2-(全国Ⅰ·C)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联络)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.2/26-3-Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.3/26-4-Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.4/26-5-Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.5/26-6-28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D.Theywerecloselyconnected.29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern.30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated. B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages. D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.6/26-7-【文章结构】7/26-8-【难点分析】Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.总规则是:天气温和地域语言种类相对较少,往往有许多人说这些语言,而酷热、潮湿地域语言种类很多,但往往说这些语言人数少。分析:thatmildzoneshave...while...是宾语从句。while是并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示对比。spokenby...是过去分词短语,作后置定语修饰前面languages。8/26-9-【语篇导读】本文是说明文。在依靠狩猎和采集生活时代,语种众多。不过伴随工业化、贸易、全球化等发展,许多语种消失了。28.B

推理判断题。依据第一段中“When

the

world

was

still

populated

by

hunter-gatherers...they

spoke

perhaps

12,000

languages

between

them”可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活时代,人们使用语言种类很多。29.C

词义猜测题。依据上文提到“...all

have

caused

many

languages

to

disappear”和下文“such

as

English,Spanish

and

Chinese

are

increasingly

taking

over”可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在逐步取代一些语言。由此可猜测该词意思是“占优势”,所以选C项。9/26-10-30.B

细节了解题。依据第三段第一句“At

present,the

world

has

about

6,800

languages”和最终一句中“is

a

mere

6,000,which

means

that

half

the

world’s

languages

are

spoken

by

fewer

people

than

that”可知,B项正确。31.C

主旨大意题。通读全文可知,在依靠狩猎和采集生活时代,语种众多。不过伴随工业化、贸易、全球化等发展,许多语种消失了。由此可知,人类发展造成了语种降低,所以选C项。10/26-11-A(河南郑州三模)“YearsagowhenIwasattheGrandCanyon,Irememberedsomeonecominguptothecanyon’sedge,takingashotwithacameraandthenwalkingaway,like‘gotitdone’,barelyevenglancingatthemagnificentsceneinfrontofhim,”LindaHenkel,ascientistatFairfieldUniversity,UStoldLive

Science.Henkelwassurprisedbyhowobsessed(着迷)peoplearewithtakingpicturesthesedays—beforedinner,duringfriends’birthdayparties,onmuseumtoursandsoon.Theykeeptakingpicturesbecausetheythinkthatithelpsrecordthemoment,butasHenkel’slateststudyhasjustfoundout,thisobsessionmaypreventtheirbrainsrememberingwhatactuallyhappened,reportedThe

Guardian.11/26-12-Inherstudy,Henkelledagroupofcollegestudentsaroundamuseumandaskedthemtosimplyobserve15objectsandphotograph15others.Thenextdaythestudents’memoryofthetourwastested,andtheresultsshowedthattheywerelessaccurateinrecognizingtheobjectsandtheyrememberedfewerdetailsaboutthemiftheyphotographedthem.“Whenpeoplerelyontechnologytorememberthem—countingonthecameratorecordtheeventandthusnotneedingtoattendtoitfullythemselves,itcanhaveanegativeimpactonhowwelltheyremembertheirexperiences,”Henkelexplained.

Butthereisalsoanexception:ifstudentszoomed(缩放)intophotographpartofanobject,theirmemoryactuallyimproved,andthosewhofocusedthelens(镜头)onaspecificareacouldevenrecallpartsthatweren’tintheframe.12/26-13-Sobasically,thisstudyissayingthatconstantlytakingpicturescanharmyourmemory.Butshouldn’treviewingpictureswehavetakenhelpwakeupourmemories?Thisistrue,butonlyifwespendenoughtimedoingit.“Inordertoremember,wehavetoaccessandinteractwiththephotos,ratherthanjustcollectthem,”HenkeltoldThe

Telegraph.However,previousresearchhasshownthatmostpeoplenevertakethetimetolookovertheirdigitalpicturessimplybecausetherearetoomanyofthemandtheyaren’tusuallyveryorganizedontheircomputers.13/26-14-【语篇解读】本文为议论文。人们都喜欢拍照,拍照有利于统计某一时刻,但拍照对我们记忆有影响。假如我们只是简单统计,而不去关注和观赏话,则会有负面影响;假如我们以后还会观赏这些照片则会有利于唤醒我们记忆;假如只拍照不观赏还不如不拍照只是观赏好。14/26-15-1.WhydidtheauthormentionHenkel’striptotheGrandCanyonatthebeginning?

A.Tocomplainaboutsometourists’badhabits.B.Togivesuggestionsonhowtoenjoyone’stour.C.Topointoutpeople’sobsessionwithtakingpictures.D.TodescribethebeautifulviewoftheGrandCanyon.答案解析解析关闭细节了解题。依据第二段中句子“Henkelwassurprisedbyhowobsessed(着迷)peoplearewithtakingpicturesthesedays—beforedinner,duringfriends’birthdayparties,onmuseumtoursandsoon.”可知,在文中提到Henkel对人们执迷于拍照诧异,以此来说明一个现象:人们执迷于拍照现象。故答案为C项。答案解析关闭C15/26-16-2.WhatcanwelearnfromHenkel’sstudy?

A.Reviewingpicturesalwayshelpspeoplebringbackmemorieseasily.B.Takingpicturesinamuseumtourhelpsstudentsrecognizeobjectsbetter.C.Peopleshouldspendmoretimetakingpicturesthanstudyingrealobjects.D.Picturesfocusingonthedetailsofobjectsprobablyimprovepeople’smemories.答案解析解析关闭细节判断题。依据第六段中“Butthereisalsoanexception:ifstudentszoomed(缩放)intophotographpartofanobject,theirmemoryactuallyimproved...”可知,在拍照时,假如只关注某个细节,可能有利于他们记忆提升。故选D项。答案解析关闭D16/26-17-3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph5probablyreferto?

A.Thecamera. B.Thetechnology.C.Theevent. D.Anobject.答案解析解析关闭猜测词义题。依据第五段第一句“Whenpeoplerelyontechnologytorememberthem—countingonthecameratorecordtheeventandthusnotneedingtoattendtoitfullythemselves...”前面说人们要依靠技术来记住它们时,要依靠摄影机来统计事件,那么就完全不需要关注这个事件了。分析前后关系可知,本句是说假如你要用相机来统计事件,就不需要来关注这个(事件)。故选C项。答案解析关闭C17/26-18-4.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.People’sobsessionwithtakingpicturesanditsinfluence.B.Possiblewaysofusingpicturestoimproveone’smemory.C.Greatharmtomemorycausedbytakingpicturesconstantly.D.Abelievablestudyintothenegativeimpactofliningcamerasoften.答案解析解析关闭主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要叙述当代人痴迷于拍照,是因为拍照有利于统计某一时刻,但不利于他们记忆。假如放大拍摄对象或拍下来后再观赏话就有利于记忆或回想。即本文主要介绍痴迷拍照及其影响。依据短文大意可知,B、C、D三个选项都是片面。故A项最切题。答案解析关闭A18/26-19-B(全国Ⅱ·D)We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.19/26-20-Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”20/26-21-Inastudy,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“