人体解剖学英汉名词对照

人体解剖学英汉名词对照

一、总论

1.解剖学分类(ClassificationofAnatomy)

anatomy解剖学

*humananatomy,anthropotomy人类解剖学

systematicanatomy系统解剖学

regional(topographic)anatomy,topology局部解剖学

gross(macroscopic)anatomy大体解剖学，巨视解剖学

microscopicanatomy显微解剖学

macro-microscopicanatomy巨•微解剖学

sectionalanatomy断面解剖学

pathological(morbid)anatomy病理解剖学

neuroanatomy神经解剖学

chemicalneuroanatomy化学解剖学

developmentalanatomy发生(或发育)

histologicanatomy组织解剖学

histology组织学

embryology胚胎学

anthropology人类学

2.一般解剖学术语(GeneralAnatomicalTerms)

dissection,dissect(v.)解剖，解剖标本

normality,normal(a.)正常

abnormality,abnormal异常

variation变异

deformity,malformation畸形

specimen标本

model模型

3.方位术语(PositionalTerms)

anatomicalposition解剖学姿势

(1)方位的形容词(positionaladjectives)

inferior,lower下

superior,upper上

anterior前侧

posterior后侧

ventral(dorsal)腹(背)侧

medial(lateral)内(外)侧

intermediate中间

internal,interior,inner,inside内

external,exterior,outer,outside夕卜

superficial浅

deep,profound深

proximal(distal)近(远)侧

ulnar(radial)尺怫)侧

tibial(fibular)胫(腓)侧

palmar掌侧

plantar足底

left左

right右

middle中

median正中

(2)轴和面(AxesandPlanes)

axis(pl.axes),axial(a.)轴

vertical(perpendicular)axis,longitudinal

axis垂直轴，纵轴

coronal(frontal)axis冠(额)状轴

sagittalaxis矢状轴

plane(平)面

horizontal(transverse)plane水平面，

横平面

coronal(frontal)plane冠(额)状面

sagittalplane矢状面

mediansagittalplane正中矢状面

transversesection横切面

longitudinalsection纵切面

4.人体的分部和分区

(ToponymandZonationoftheHuman

body)

头(Head)

heat头(的)

Skull,craniun,cranial(a.)颅

front,frontal,region额区

perietalregion顶区

occiput,occipitalregion枕区

Face,facial(a.)面

orbit,orbitalregion眶区

nose,nasalregion鼻区

mouth,oralregion口区

chin,mentalregion颌区

ear,auditoryregion耳区

颈(Neck)

neck,collum,cervical&jugular(a.)颈

anteriorregionofneck,anteriorofneck

颈前区

carotidtriangle颈动脉三角

musculartriangle肌三角，肩脾舌骨肌气管三角

sternocleidomastoidregion胸锁乳突肌区

supraclaviculartriangle锁骨上三角

posteriorregionofneck,nuchalregion颈后区，项区

nape,nucha,nuchal(a.)项

rootofneck颈根部

躯干(Trunk)

trunk,truncus躯干

Mediananteriorline前正中线

sternalline胸骨线

parasternalline胸骨旁线

midclavicularline锁骨中线

anterior(posterior)axillaryline腋前(后)线

midaxillaryline腋中线

scapularline肩胛线

medianposteriorline后正中线

Back,dorsal背

vertebralregion脊柱区

sacralregion能区

scapularregion肩胛下区

lumbarregion腰

Chest,thorax,thoracic(a.)胸

sternalregion胸骨(前)区

infraclavicularfossa锁骨下窝

Abdomen,abdominal(a.)腹

Hypochondriac季肋区

epigastricregion腹上区

lateralregionofabdomem腹外侧区

umbilicalregion脐区

inguinalregion,iliacregion,腹股沟区,

解区

inguinaltriangle腹股沟三角，海氏三角

pubicregion,hypogastricregion耻区，腹下区

Pelvis,pelvic(a.)盆部

Perineum,perineal(a.)会阴

analregion肛区

urogenitalregion尿生殖区

四肢(Limbs)

limbs,extremities四肢

Upperlimbs(extremities)上肢

Shoulder肩

axilla,axillaryregion腋区

Freeupperlimb自由上肢

arm,brachial(a.)臂

anterior(posterior)brachialregion臂前（后）区

elbow,cubital,(a.)肘

forearm,antebrachial(a.)前臂

anterior(posterior)antebrachialregion前

臂前(后)区

hand,manual(a.)手

wrist,carpal(a.)腕

palm,palmar,metacarpal(a.)掌

back(palm)ofhand手背(掌)

finger,digital(a.)手指

thumb拇指

indexfinger示指

middlefinger中指

ringfinger环指

littlefinger小指

Lowerlimb下肢

hip,coxal(a.)歌

buttock,glutealregion臀区

Freelowerlimb自由下肢

anterior(posterior)regionofthigh股前

(后)区

femoraltriangle股三角

medialregionofthigh股内侧区

knee,geniculate(a.)膝

anterior(posterior)regionofknee膝前(后)区

leg,crural(a.)小腿

anterior(posterior)cruralregion小腿前后)区

foot,pedal(a.)足

dorsumoffoot足背

sole,planta(pl.plantae)足底

toes足趾

greattoe足母趾

人体解剖学词汇骨学

osteology骨学

*bone,bony骨

skeleton,skletal(a.)骨骼

long(short,flat)bone长（短，扁滑

irregularbone不规则骨

pneumaticbone含气骨

sesamoidbone籽骨，

shaft,diaphysis骨干，骨体

bony(osseous)substance骨质

compact(spongy)bone骨密（松）质

trabeculae骨小梁

periosteum（外）膜

endosteum骨内膜

medullary髓腔

red(yellow)bonemarrow红(黄)骨髓

中轴骨骼(AxialSkeleton)

躯干骨(BonesofTrunk)

*Vertebral(spinel)column脊柱

*vertebralcanal椎管

intervertebralforamen椎间孑I

cervical(thoracic,lumbar,sacral)

curvature颈(胸，腰，舐)曲

vertebra(pl.vertebrae)椎骨

vertebralbody(arch)椎体(弓)

pedicleofvertebralarch椎弓根

laminaofvertebralarch椎弓板

vertebralforamen椎孔

spinousprocess棘突

transverseprocess横突

superior(inferior)articularprocess上(下)

关节突

cervicalvertebrae颈椎

atlas寰椎

axis枢椎

prominentvertebrae隆椎

thoracicvertebrae胸椎

lumbarvertebrae腰椎

sacrum,sacralbone舐骨

coccyx尾骨

thoraciccavity胸腔

superior(inferior)apertureofthorax胸廓上下口

costalarch肋弓

intercostalsspace肋间隙

infrasternalangle胸骨下角

*ribs,costa(costae)肋

*sternum胸骨

Sternalmanubrium胸骨'柄

Sternalangle(body)胸骨角(体)

Xiphoidprocess剑突

颅骨(skull)

cerebralcranium脑颅

cranialcavity颅腔

calvaria颅盖

pterion翼点

jugularforamen颈静脉孔

internalsurfaceofbaseofskull颅底内面

anterior(middle,posterior)cranialfossa颅前中，后)窝

facialcranium面颅

orbit眶

bonynasalcavity骨性鼻腔

piriformaperture,anteriornasalaperture梨

状孔，鼻前孔

posteriornasalaperture鼻后孔

bonyseptumofnose骨鼻中隔

superior(middle,inferior)meatusofnose上(中，下)鼻道

temporalfossa撅窝

zugomaticarch颊弓

infratemporalfossa颗下窝

pterygopalatinefossa翼腭窝

cranialfontaelles颅囱

anterior(posterior)fontanelle前(后)囱

anterolateral(posterolateral)fontanelle前(后)外侧囱

cranialbones脑颅骨

occipitalbone枕骨

largeforamenofoccipitalbone枕骨大孔

externaloccipitalprotuberance枕夕卜隆凸

superior(inferior)nuchalline上(下)项线

sulcusfortransversesinus,transversesulcus横窦沟

sphenoidbone蝶骨

hypophysealfossa垂体窝

opticcanal视神经管

round(oval,spinous)foramen圆(卵圆,棘)孔

temporalbone颍骨

petrouspart岩部

mastoidprocess乳突

carotidcanal颈动脉管

tympanictegmen鼓室盖

arcuateeminence弓状隆起

trigeminalimpression三叉神经压迹

internalacousticpore(port)内耳门

internalacousticmeatus(canal)内耳道

jugularfossa颈静脉窝

styloidprocess茎突

stylomastoidforamen茎乳孔

facialcanal面神经管

externalacousticpore(canal)外耳门(道)

parietal,parietalbone顶骨

parietaltuber(foramen)顶结节(孔)

frontalbone额骨

frontalsquama(tuber)额鳞(结节)

superciliaryarch眉弓

supraorbitalnotch(foramen)眶上切迹

fossaforlacrimalgland泪腺窝

ethmoidbone筛骨

cribriformplate(foramen)筛板(孔)

facialbones面颅骨

inferiornasalconcha下鼻甲

lacrimalbone泪骨

nasalbone鼻骨

vomer梨骨

*maxilla上颌骨

palatinebone腭骨

zygomaticbone颊骨

*mandible下颌骨

ramous(angle)ofmandibleb颌支(角)

masseterictuberosity咬肌粗隆

coronoidprocess冠突

condylarprocess牌突

hyoidbone舌骨

附肢骨骼(Appendicularskeleton)

shouldergirdle上肢带骨，肩带骨

scapula肩胛骨

acromion肩峰

superior(medial,lateral)border上(下,夕卜

侧)缘

coracoidprocess喙突

superior(inferior,lateral)angle上(下,外侧)角

glenoidcavity关节盂

*clavicle锁骨

bonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨

*Humerus肱骨

headofhumerus肱骨头

anatomical(surgical)neck解剖(夕卜科)颈

greater(lesser)tubercle大(小)结节

crestofgreater(lesser)tubercle大(小)结

节崎

sulcus(groove)forradialn,4神经沟

deltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆

trochleaofhumerus肱骨滑车

olecranon(coronoid,radial)fossa鹰嘴(冠突，槎)窝

medial(lateral)epicondyle内(夕卜)上镰

sulcusforulnarnerve尺神经沟

*radius槎骨

head(neck)ofradius梳骨头(颈)

articularcircumference环状关节面

radialtuberosity楼骨粗隆

interosseousborder骨间缘

styloidprocess茎突

ulnalnotch尺切迹

carpalarticularsurface腕关节面

*uana尺骨

olecranon鹰嘴

coronoidprocess冠突

ulnaltuberosity尺骨粗隆

trochleal(radial)notch滑车(楼)切迹

headofulna尺骨头

bonesofhand手骨

carpalbones腕骨

scaphoidbone手舟骨

lunatebone月骨

triangularbone三角骨

pisiformbone豌豆骨

trapeziumbone大多角骨

trapezoidbone小多角骨

capitatebone头状骨

hamatebone钩骨

hamulus(hook)ofhamatebone钩骨钩

Metacarpalbones掌骨

phalanges(bones)offingers指骨

proximal(middle,distal)phalanx近(中,远)指(或趾)骨

下肢骨(Bonesoflowerlimb)

pelvicgirdle下肢带骨，盆带骨

*hipbone髅骨

acetabulum股臼

acetabularfossa(notch)酸臼窝(切迹)

obturatorforamen闭孔

*Ilium骼骨

body(ala)ofilium骼骨体(翼)

arcuateline弓状线

iliaccrest骼崎

Tubercle骼结节

Anteriorsuperior(inferior)iliacspine骼前上(下)棘

Posteriorsuperior(inferior)iliacspine骼后上(卜)棘

Iliacfossa骼窝

Auricularsurface耳状面

Iliactuberosity骼粗隆

*Ischium坐骨

Greater(lesser)sciaticnotch坐骨大(小)切迹

*Pubis耻骨

Symphsialsurface耻骨联合面

superior(inferior)ramusofpubis耻骨上下支

ililopubiceminence能耻隆起

pectenofpubis耻骨梳

bonesoffreelowerlimb自由下肢骨

*femur股骨

foveaoffemoralhead股骨头凹

head(neck)offemur股骨头(颈)

greater(lesser)trochanter大小转子

intertrochantericline转子间线

intertrochantericcrest转子间日

Hneaaspera,roughlineoffemur粗线

pectinealline耻骨肌线

glutealtuberosity臀肌粗隆

poplitealsurface月国面

medial(lateral)condyle内(外)侧微

adductortubercle收肌结节

intercondylarfossa牌间窝

medial(lateral)epicondyle内外上Q

patella骸骨

*tibia胫骨

intercondylareminence㈱HI隆起

shaft(tuberosity)oftibia胫骨体粗隆

solealline比目鱼肌线

medial(lateral)malleolus内外靓

Fibula,perone腓骨

bonesoffoot足骨

tarsalbones跑骨

talus距骨

calcaneus跟骨

navicularbone足舟骨

medialcuneiformbone内侧楔骨

lateralcuneiformbone中间楔骨

intermediatecuneiformbone内侧楔骨

cuboidbone骰骨

metatarsalbones跖骨

phalanges(bones)oftoes趾骨

synosteology关节学，关节解剖学

articulation连结，关节

joint关节，连结

synovialjoints滑膜关节

fibrous纤维连结

syndesmosis韧带连结

suture缝

cartilaginousjoints软骨连结

synchondrosis(pl.synchondoses)(透明软骨)结合

symphysis(pLsymphyses)(纤维软骨)联合

synostosis(pl.synostosessynostcosis)骨性

知口

articularsurface(cavity)关节面(腔)

articulardisk关节盘

articularlabrum关节唇

articularcapsule关节囊

fibrouslayer(membrane)纤维层，纤维膜

synoviallayer(membrane)滑膜层，滑膜

synovialfold(villi)滑膜嬖

synovialfluid滑液

ligament(iig.)韧带

extracapsularIig.囊外韧带

intracapsularIig.囊内韧带

Action动作，作用

flexion,flexor(v.)屈

extension,extensor(m.),extense(v.)伸

adduction,addutor(m.),adduct(v.)收

abduction,abdutor(m・)，abduct(v.)展

Medial(lateral)rotation旋内（外）

nator(ni.),pronate(v.)旋前

supination,supinator(ni.),supinatefv.)旋后

circumduction环转运动

中轴骨骼的连结(JointsoftheAxialSkeleton)

vertebraljoints椎骨连结

yellowlig.黄韧带

ionterspinouslig.棘间韧带

intertransverselig.横突间韧带

supraspinouslig.棘上韧带

Intervertebralsymphysis椎间联合

interverbraldiscs椎间盘

Fibrousrings纤维环

Pulpiformnucleus髓核

Anteriorlongitudinal前纵韧带

Posteriorlongitudinal前后韧带

Zygapophysialjoint关节突关节

Lumbosacraljoint腰IS连结

Costovertebraljoints肋椎关节

Jointofcostalhead肋头关节

Costotransversejoint肋横突关节

Sternocostaljoints胸肋关节

Cranialsuture颅缝

Coronal(sagittal)suture冠矢状缝

Lambdoidsuture人字缝

Synchondrosesofcranium颅结合

Temporomandibularjoint颠下颌关节

附肢骨骼的连结(JointsoftheappendicularSkeleton)

jointsofshouldergirdle上肢带连结

coracoacromiallig.喙间韧带

Coracoclavicularlig.喙锁韧带

Acromioclavicularjoint肩锁关节

Sternoclavicularjoint胸锁关节

Jointsoffreeupperlimb自由上肢连结

Shoulderjoint肩关节

Elbowjoint肘关节

Humeroulnarjoint肱尺关节

Humeroradialjoint肱机关节

Jointsofhand手关节

Radiocarpaljoint,wristjoint税腕关节，腕关节

Intercarpaljoints腕骨间关节

Carpometacarpaljoints腕掌关节

Carpometacarpaljointofthumb拇指腕掌关节

Intermetacarpaljoints掌骨间关节

Metacarpophalangealjoints掌指关节

Interphalangealjointsofhand指骨间关节

Jointsofpelvicgirdle下肢带连结

Pubicsymphysis耻骨联合

Interpubicdisc耻骨间盘

Obturatormembrane闭孔膜

Sacroiliacjoints舐器关节

Sacrotuberouslig.IK结节韧带

Greater(lesser)sciaticforamen坐骨大(小)孔

Pelvis骨盆

Terminalline界线

Greater(lesser)pelvis大小骨盆

Superior(posterior)pelvicaperture骨盆上下口

Pubicarch耻骨弓

Subpubicangle耻骨下角

Pelviccavity骨盆腔

Jointsoffreelowerlimb自由下肢连结

Hipjoint俄关节

Transverseacetabularlig.馥臼横韧带

Ligamentofheadoffemur股骨头韧带

Kneejoint膝关节

Medial(lateral)meniscus内外侧半月板

Transverselig.ofknee膝横韧带

Anteriorcruciatelig.前交叉韧带

Posteriorcruciatelig.后交叉韧带

Fibular(tibial)collaterallig.腓(胫)侧副韧带

Ligamentofpatella歌韧带

Tibiofibularjoint胫腓关节

Tibiofibularsyndesmosis胫腓连结

Cruralinterosseousmembrane小腿骨间膜

Jointsoffoot足关节

talocruraljoint,anklejoint距小腿关节，踝关节

intertarsaljoints附骨间关节

subtalarjointtalocalcanealjoint距下关节，距跟关节

transversetarsaljoint跑横关节

talocalcaneonavicularjoint距跟舟关节

tarsometatarsaljoint附跖关节

intermetatarsaljoints跖骨间关节

metatarsophalangealjoint跖趾关节

interphalangealjointsoffoot跖骨间关节

archoffoot,tarsometatarsalarch足弓，跑跖弓

medial(lateral)longitudinalarch内（外）侧纵弓

transversearch横弓

肌学(mycology)

muscle(m.)肌肉

cardiacmuscle心肌

smoothmuscle平滑肌

skeletalmuscle骨骼肌

long(short,broad,flat)muscle长(短，阔，扁)肌

orbicularmuscle轮匝肌

sphincter括约肌

dilator,dilatator开大肌

venter(belly)肌腹

tendon腱

aponeurosis腱膜

origin起点，固定点

insertion止点，动点

accessory(subservient)structure辅助结构

tendinoussheath腱鞘

synovialsheathoftendon滑膜腱鞘

fascia筋膜

superficial(deep)fascia浅（深）筋膜

synovialbursa滑膜囊

subcutaneoustissue(fat)皮下组织(脂肪)

躯干肌(MusclesofTrunk)

musclesofback背肌

trapeziusm.斜方肌

broadestm.ofback背阔肌

erectorspinalm.竖脊肌

musclesofneck颈肌

platysmam.颈阔肌

sternocleidomastoidm.胸锁乳突肌

anterior(middle,posterior)scalenem.

前中后斜角肌

scalenefissure斜角肌

suprahyoidmuscles舌骨上肌群

infrahyoidmuscles舌骨下肌群

thoracicm.胸肌

greater(lesser)pectoralm.胸大（小）肌

anteriorserratusm.前锯肌

thoracicproperm.胸固有肌

externalintercostalm.肋间外肌

internalintercostalm.肋间内肌

external(internal)intercostals

membrane肋间夕卜（内）膜

transversem.ofthorax胸横肌

intimateintercostalm.肋间最内肌

diaphragm膈

centraltendon中心腱

aortichiatus主动脉裂孔

esophagealhiatus食管裂孔

hiatusofvenacave腔静裂孔

abdominalm.腹肌

abdominalrectusm.,straightm.of

abdomen腹直肌

sheathofrectusm.腹直肌鞘

external(internal)obliquem.ofabdomen腹外(内)斜肌

inguinallig.腹股沟韧带

superficial(deep)inguinalring腹股沟浅环

transversem.ofabdomen腹横肌

inguinalcanal腹股沟管

头肌(MusclesofHead)

Facialm.面肌

epicranialm.颅顶肌

occipitofrontalm.枕额肌

frontal(occipital)belly额(枕)腹

epicranialaponeurosis,galeaaponeurotica帽状腱膜

orbicuaalm.ofeye眼轮匝肌

orbicularm.ofmouth口轮匝肌

buccinator,buccinatorm.颊肌

masticatorym.咀嚼肌

masseterm.咬肌

上肢肌(MusclesofUpperLimb)

musclesofshouldergirdle上肢带肌，肩带

肌

deltoidm.三角肌

musclesofarm臂肌

brachialbiceps(triceps)m.肱二(三)头肌

anconeusm.肘肌

roundpronatorm.旋前圆肌

radial(ulnar)flexorm.ofwrist槎(尺)侧腕屈肌

longpalmarm.掌长肌

superficial(deep)fleaorm.offingers指浅(深)屈肌

longflexorm,ofthumb拇长屈肌

quadratepronatorm.brachioradialis旋前方肌

brachioradialm.,brachioradialis肱棱肌

long(short)radialextensorcarpalm.楼侧腕长(短)伸肌

extensorm.offingers指伸肌

extensorm.oflesserfinger小指伸肌

ulnarextensorm.ofwrist尺侧腕伸肌

supinatorm.旋后肌

longabductor(extensor)m.ofthumb拇长展(伸)肌

shortextensorm.ofthumb拇短伸肌

extensorm.ofindexfinger示指伸肌

musclesofhand手肌

shortabductor(flexor)m.ofthumb拇短展(屈)肌

opposingm.ofthumb拇对掌肌

abductor(opposing)m.oflittlefinger指展(对掌)肌

lumbrricalm.蚓状肌

palmar(dorsal)interosseousm.骨间掌(背)侧肌

下肢肌(musclesoflowerlimb)

musclesofhip髅肌

iliopsoasm.骼腰肌

iliacm.骼肌

greaterpsoasm.腰大肌

greatest(middle,least)glutealm.臀大(中，小)肌

tensorm.ofbroadfascia阔筋膜张肌

pririformm.梨状肌

internalobturatorm.闭孔内肌

externalobturatorm.闭孔外肌

quadratem.ofthigh股方肌

musclesofthigh大腿肌

sartoriusm.缝匠肌

quadricepsm.Ifthigh股四头肌

pectinealm.耻骨肌

slenderm.gracilem股薄肌.

long(short)adductorm.长短收肌

greatadductorm.大收肌

bicepsm.ofthigh股二头肌

semiterninousm.半腱肌

semimembranousm.半膜肌

musclesofleg小腿肌

anterior(posterior)tibialm.胫骨前后肌

longextensorm.ofdigits趾长伸肌

longestensorm.Ifgreattoe拇长彳申肌

long(short)peroneal腓骨长短肌

tricepsm.ofcalf小腿三头肌

gastrocnemiusm.腓肠肌

soleusm.比目鱼肌

tendonofheel跟腱

longflexorm.oftoe趾长伸肌

longflexorm.ofgreattoe拇长屈肌

musclesoffoot足肌

broadfascia阔筋膜

iliotibialtract器筋束

adductortendinousopening,adductorhiatus收肌腱裂孔

adductorcanal收肌管

muscularlacuna肌腔隙

iliopectinealarch骼耻弓

vascularlacuna血管腔隙

femoraltriangle(sheath)股三角(鞘)

femoralcanal(ring)股管(环)

saphenoushiatus,oralfossa隐静脉裂孔，卵圆窝

malleolarcanal踝管

digestivesystem,alimentarysystem消化系统

internalorgan,splanchna,viscera内脏

splanchnology内脏学

digestiveapparatus消化器

digestivecanal消化管

上消化道(SuperiorDigestiveTract)

mouth口

Oralcavity,mouthcavity口腔

Hard(soft)palate硬(软)腭

Gum牙龈

Sublingualcaruncle舌下阜

Sublingualfold舌下裳

Papillaofparotidduct腮腺管乳头

Oralglands口腔腺

Majorsalivaryglands大唾液腺

Sublingualgland舌下腺

Major(ininor)sublingualduct舌下腺大(小)管

Submandibulargland下颌下腺

Submandibularduct下颌下腺管

*Parotidgland腮腺

Parotidduct腮腺管

Tooth牙

Incisorteethincisor切牙

Lateral(second)incisor侧切牙

Canineteeth尖牙

Premolorteeth前磨牙

motorteeth磨牙

*tongue,lingua舌

apex(dorsoum>root,body)oftongue舌

尖(背，根，体)

lingualmucousmembrane舌黏膜

frenulumoftongue舌系带

papillaeoftongue,lingualpapillae舌乳头

filiforinpapillae丝状乳头

fungiformpapillae菌状乳头

vallatepapillae轮廓乳头

foliatepapillae叶状乳头

terminalsulcus界沟

foramencccunioftongue舌盲孔

musclesoftongue舌肌

genioglossusm领舌肌

*pharynx咽

isthmusoffauces,fauces咽峡

palatinevelum腭帆

palatineuvula,uvula腭垂，悬雍垂

palatoglossalarch腭舌弓

palatopharyngealarch腭咽弓

palatinetonsil腭扁桃体

tonsillarfossa扁桃体窝

cavity(fornix)ofpharynx咽腔

nasopharynx鼻咽

eustachiancushion,tubaltorus咽鼓管圆枕

tonsillarring扁桃体环

pharyngealrecess咽隐窝

oropharynx口咽

laryngopharynx喉咽

piriformrecess梨状隐窝

*esophagus食管，食道

cervical(thoracic,abdominal)partofesophagus食管颈（胸，腹）部

*stomach胃

greatercurvatureofstomach胃大弯

lessercurvatureofstomach胃〃、弯

angular(gastric)notch角切迹

cardia,cardiacorifice贲门

cardiacpart贲门部

fundus(body)ofstomach胃底

cardiacnotch(incisure)贲门切迹

pylorus,pyloricorifice幽门

pyloricpart(canal,antrum)幽门部(管，窦)

*smallintestine小肠

solitarylymphaticfollicles孤立淋巴滤泡

aggregatedlymphaticfollicles集合淋巴滤

泡

*duodenum十二指肠

ampulla,duodenalbulb十二指肠球

major(minor)duodenalpapilla十二指肠大(小)乳头

duodinojejunalflexure十二指肠空肠曲

suspensorym.ofduodenum十二指肠悬肌

下消化道(InferiorDigestiveTract)

*jejunum空肠

*ileum回肠

*largeintestine大肠

c(a)ecun)盲肠

ileocecalvalve(orifice)回盲(瓣)口

*vermix,vermiformappendix阑尾

*colon结肠

ascending(transverse,descending)colon升横，降)结肠

rightcolicflexure,hepaticflexure结肠右曲，肝曲

leftcolicflexure,splenicflexure结肠左曲，脾曲

sigmoidcolon乙状结肠

haustraofcolon结肠袋

coliclig结肠带

epiploicappendices肠脂垂

*rectum直肠

sacral(perineal)flexure舐(会阴)曲

analcanaKcolumn,sinus,valves肛管(柱，

窦，瓣)

anorectalline肛直肠线

dentateline,anocutaneousline齿状线，肛

皮线

analpecten,hemorrhoidalring肛梳

anus肛门

internalsphincterm.ofanus肛内括约肌

消化腺(DigestiveGlands)

*liver肝

diaphragmaticsurface膈面

visceralsurface脏面

sulcusforvenacava腔静脉沟

fossaforgallbladder胆囊窝

roundlig.ofliver肝圆韧带

venousiig.(duct)静脉韧带

doorofliver肝门

hepaticpedicle肝蒂

left(right)lobe左(右)叶

quadrate(caudate)lobe方(尾状)叶

bileduct胆管

extrahepaticduct肝外胆道

commonhepaticduct肝总管

left(right)hepaticduct肝左右管

*gallbladder胆囊

fundus(body,neck)ofgallbladder胆囊底

(体,颈)

cysticduct胆囊管

commonbileduct胆总l管

hepatopancreaticampulla肝胰壶腹

sphincterm.ofhepatopancreaticampulla肝胰壶腹括约肌

*pancreas胰

uncinateprocess钩突

head(body,tail)ofpancreas胰头(体，尾)

pancreaticduct胰管

accessarypancreaticduct副胰管

呼吸系统(RespiratorySystem)

respiratoryapparatus(organ)呼吸器

superior(inferior)respiratorytract上(下)呼吸道

nose鼻

externalnose夕卜鼻

root(back,apex,wing)ofnose鼻根(背，

尖，翼)

nasolabialgroove鼻唇沟

nasalcartilage鼻软骨

naris(pl.nares)鼻孔

posteriornasalapertures,choanae鼻后孔

nasalseptum鼻中隔

nasalvestibule鼻前庭

propernasalcavity固有鼻腔

sphenoethmoidalrecess蝶筛隐窝

superior(middle,inferior)meatusofnose上(中，下)鼻道

*paranasalsinuses鼻旁窦

maxillarysinus上颌窦

sphenoidal(frontal,ethnioidal)sinus蝶(额，筛)窦

*larynx喉

laryngealcartilages喉软骨

thyroidcartilage甲状软骨

cricoidcartilage环状软骨

arytenoidcartilage勺状软骨

epiglotticcartilage会厌软骨

laryngealm.喉肌

cricothyroidm.环甲肌

laryngealcavity喉腔

laryngealaperture喉口

epiglottis会厌

vestibuleoflarynx喉前庭

vestibularfold(slit)前庭嬖(裂)

intermediatecavityoflarynx喉中间腔

ventricleoflarynx喉室

glottis声门

slitofglottis声门裂

vocalfold声带，声襄

infraglotticcavity声门下腔

elasticcone弹性圆锥

cricothyroidmembrane环甲膜

vocallig,声韧带

*trachea气管

ccrvial(thoracic)part颈(胸)部

trachealcartilages气管软骨

bifurcationoftrachea气管杈

carinaoftrachea气管隆崎

bronchus(pl.bronchi)支气管

left(right)principalbronchus左(右)主支气管

lobarbronchi肺叶支气管

segmentalbronchi肺段支气管

*lung肺

apex(base)ofhmg肺尖(底)

costal(medial,diaphragmatic)surface(内侧，膈)面

cardiacnotchofleftlung左肺心切迹

lingulaofleftlung左肺小舌

hilus(root)oflung肺根(门)

obliquefissure斜裂

horizontaldissureofrightlung右肺水平裂

bronchopulmonarysehments支气管月市段

superior(middle,inferior)lobe上(中，下)叶

thoracic(pleural)cavity胸(胸膜)腔

pleura胸膜

cupulaofpleura,cervicalpleura胸膜顶

visceral(parietal)pleura脏(壁)胸膜

mediastinal(costal,diaphragmatic)pleura纵隔(肋，膈)胸膜

pleuralrecesses胸膜隐窝

costomediastinalrecess肋纵隔隐窝

Mediastinum纵隔

Superior(inferior)mediastinum上(下)纵隔

Anterior(middle,posterior)mediastinum前(中，后)纵隔

urogenitalsystem泌尿生殖系统

urinaryorgans泌尿器

*kidney肾

renalhilus(sinus*pedicle)肾门(窦，蒂)

renalfascia肾筋膜

fatly(adipose)capsule月旨肪囊

Hbrouscapsule纤维囊

renalcortex(medulla)肾皮(髓)质

renalpyramid肾锥体

renalpapilla肾乳头

papillaryforamen乳头孔

renalcolumns(pelvis)肾柱(盂)

renalcalices肾盏

major(minor)renalcalices肾大(小)盏

*ureter输尿管

*bladder,urinarybladder膀胱

apex(body,fundus,neck)ofbladder膀胱尖(体，底，颈)

trigoneofbladder,vesica)trigone膀胱三角

interuretericridge输尿管间嬖

orificeofureter输尿管口

internalurethralorifice尿道内口

femaleurethra女尿道

*生殖系统(ReproductiveSystem)

reproductivesystem,genitalsystem生殖系统

male(female)geni(alorgans男女性生殖器

internal(external)genitalorgans内(外)生殖器

男性生殖器(MaleGenitalOrgans)

testicle,testis睾丸

*epididymis附睾

deferential(spermatic)duct输精管

ejaculatoryduct射精管

seminalvesicle精囊精囊腺

spermaticcord精索

cremastericm.提睾肌

prostate前列腺

apex(base,body,sulcus)ofprostate前列腺尖(底，体，沟)

bulbourethralgland尿道球腺

penis阴茎

prepuceofpenis阴茎包皮

bulbofurethra尿道球

maleurethra男尿道

prostaticpart前列腺部

seminalcolliculus精阜

membranouspart膜部

subpubiccurvature耻骨下弯

prepubiccurvature耻骨前弯

scrotum阴囊

dartoscoat,dartos肉膜

女性生殖器（femaleGenitalOrgans）

*ovary卵巢

*uterinetube,oviduct输卵管

*Womb,uterus子宫

Fundusofuterus子宫底（体）

Isthmrsofuterus子宫峡（角）

Neckofuterus,cervix子宫颈

Orifice（cavity）ofuterus子宫口（腔）

Canalofcervixofuterus子宫颈管

Round（broad）lig.Ofuterus子宫圆（阔）韧带

Cardinallig.Ofuterus子宫主韧带

Sacroluterinelig.舐子宫韧带

Vagina阴道

Femalepudendum,vulva女阴

Monspubis阴阜

Greater(lesser)lipofpudendum大(小)阴唇

Vaginalvestibule阴道前庭

Vaginalorifice阴道口

乳房，会阴(Mammaandperineum)

Mamma(pl.mammae),breast乳头

Mammarygland乳腺

Perineum会阴

Pelvicdiaphragm盆膈

Urogenitaldiaphragm尿生殖膈

Sphincterm.ofurethra尿道括约肌

腹膜(Peritoneum)

Parietai(visceral)peritoneum壁(脏)腹膜

Abdominalcavity腹腔

Peritonealcavity,greatersac腹膜腔，大囊

Omentabursa,lessersac网膜囊，小囊

Omentalforamen,epiploicforamen网膜孔

Mesentery肠系膜

Lesseromentum小网膜

Inguinaltrigone腹股沟三角

rectouterinepouch直肠子宫陷凹

vesicouterinepouch膀胱子宫陷凹

rectovesicalpouch直肠膀胱陷凹

*内分泌系统(Endocrinesystem)

endocrineglands内分泌腺

*thyroidgland甲状腺

*parathyroidgland甲状旁腺

inferiorparathyroidgland下甲状旁腺

*hypophysis,pituitarygland,pituitarybody垂体

pinealbody松果体

*suprarenalgland肾上腺

thymus胸腺

脉管系统(Vascularsystem)

vascularsystem,angiologicalsystem脉管系统

angiology脉管学

circulatorysystem循环系统

cardiovascularsystem心血管系统

*heart心

blood血液

vessel管，脉管

bloodvessel血管

arteriole小动脉

arteriolovenularanastomsis小静脉

vein(v.)静脉

cutaneousv.皮静脉

superficial(deep)v.浅(深)静脉

accompanyingv.伴行动脉

venule小静脉

venousvalve静脉瓣

venousplexus(rete)静脉从(网)

capillary毛细管

心血管系统(Cardiovascularsystem)

systemiccirculation,greatercirculation体循环，大循环

pulmonary(lesser)circulation肺循环，小循环

fetalcirculation胎血循环

心(heart)

cardiacapex(bace)心尖(底)

cardiacapicalincisure心尖切迹

sternocostal(diaphragmatic)surface胸肋(膈)面

pulmonarysurface肺面

rightborder右缘

leftborder,obtusemargin左缘，钝缘

inferiorborder,acutemargin下缘，锐缘

anterior(posterior)interventriculargroove前(后)室间沟

coronarysulcus冠状沟

atrioventricularjunction房室交点

atrioventricularseptum房室膈

*cardiacventricle心室

interventricularseptum室间隔

muscular(membranous)part肌(膜)部

*cardiacatrium心'房

left(right)auricleofheart左(右)心耳

interatrial(interauricular)septum房间膈

left(right)atrioventricularorifice左(右)房室口

cardiacm.心肌

pectinatem.梳状肌

carbeoustrabeculae肉柱

papillarym.乳头肌

tendinouscord犍索

fibrousskeleton纤维支架

leftfibroustrigone左纤维三角架

rightfibroustrigone,centralfibrousbody左纤维三角

left(right)fibrousring左(右)纤维环

endocardium心内膜

rightatrium右心房

limitingsulcus,terminalgroove界沟

terminalcrest界崎

sinusofvenacava腔静脉窦

ovalfossa(foramen)卵圆孔

borderofovalofossa卵圆窝缘

orificeofsuperior上(下)腔静脉口

valveofinferiorvenacava下腔静脉瓣

orifice(valve)ofcoronarysinus冠状窦口

rightventricle右心室

rightatrioventricularvalve,tricuspidvalve右房室瓣

supraventricularcrest室上崎

arterialcone动脉圆锥

pulmonaryorifice