2004年考研英语一真题及答案

Section Listening（略SectionⅡUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)①Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency（crimescommittedbypeople）focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence. ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminal theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough withothers.③Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus, 25asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.①Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantaged thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.②Thelattermaycommitcrimes lackofadequateparentalcontrol.③Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare tocriticism.①Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly juvenilecrimerates.②Forexample,changesintheeconomythat tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrising makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficultto③Theresultingdiscontentmay leadmoreyouthsintocriminal①Familieshavealso changestheseyears.②Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents; 34,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome wascommoninthetraditionalfamily .③Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.37causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,the ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing ofchildabuseandchildneglect.⑤Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminal adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.（28621.[A][B][C][D]22.[A][B][C][D]23.[A][B][C][D]24.[A][B][C][D]25.[A][B]but[C][D]or26.[A][B][C][D]27.[A][B][C][D]28.[A][B][C][D]29.[A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A]in[B]on[C]by[D]at[A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D]SectionⅢReadingPartReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text①Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.②Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite’s“alsearchagent”.③It’saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.④Redmonchosethe legal,inlectualproperty,andWashington,D.C.⑤Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening.⑥“Istruckgold,”saysRedmon,whoE-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany.①Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscanbetime-consumingandinefficient.②Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.③ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.④Narrowingyourcriteria,forexample,mayworkagainstyou:“Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility.”saysoneexpert.①Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyouwanttodo—thenbroadenit.②“Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,”saysanotherexpert.③“There’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.”④Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.⑤“Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,”saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.①Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.②WhenCareerSite’sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs—thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.③Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthem—andtheydo.④“Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincreaseinourtraffic,”saysSethPeets,vice marketingfor①Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.②Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.③Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.④“Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,”hesays.⑤Workingwithaalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.（431HowdidRedmonfindhisBysearchingopeningsinajobBypostingamatchingpositioninaByusingaspecialserviceofaByE-mailinghisresumetoaWhichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchLackof [B]Limitednumberof[C]Lower [D]FewersuccessfulTheexpression“tipservice”（Line4,Paragraph3）mostprobablymeans advisory[B]compensation[C]interaction[D]WhydoesCareerSite’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejobTofocusonbetterjob [B]Toattractmorereturning[C]Toreservespaceformore [D]ToincreasetherateofWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothe[A]alsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheir[C]alsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealready[D]SomeagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareText①Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.②Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.③This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.①IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.②LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoëZysman.③Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.④YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.①ThustheAmericanandvice-havesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors（includinghisfather）hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.②Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged（Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi）.③Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers（Greenspan,Duisenbergandi）areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.④Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen（Gates,Buffett,Allen,Ellisonand①Canthismerelybecoincidence?②Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.③Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.④Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.⑤Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.⑥Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeaking①Thehumiliationcontinues.②Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.③Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.（393WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiac[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality.[B]Atypeofconspicuous[C]Atype al [D]AkindofbrandWhatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeInbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtoThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoëCustomersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’SomeformofdiscriminationistoosubtletoThe4thparagraphsuggeststhat questionsareoftenputtothemoreinligentalphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromteachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheirWhatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”（Line2,ParagraphTheyaregetting [B]Theyarenoisilydozing[C]Theyarefeeling [D]TheyarebusywithwordWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothePeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromThentoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytoPuttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalText①Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.②Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketo,③Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.④Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.⑤“I’magoodeconomicindicator,”shesays.⑥“Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.”⑦SoSperoisdownscaling,shopatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.⑧“Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too”she①EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’sadmissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.②FromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.③Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.④Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.⑤Butdon’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.⑥Consumersseemonlymildlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-termprospects,evenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.①Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.②Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.③InManhattan,“there’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.④InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.⑤“Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,”saysJohnTeadly,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.⑥Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.①Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.②Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.③Employerswouldn’tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.④Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,whichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.⑤Dinersmightseeanupside,too.⑥GettingatableatManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.⑦Notanymore.⑧Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting.（407words）By“EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet”（Line1,Paragraph1）,theauthor Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness[B]Speroistoomuchengagedinher[C]Sperohasgrownoutofherbad [D]SperoisnotinadesperateHowdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomic [B] [C] [D]Whenmentioning“the$4millionto$10millionrange”（Lines3,Paragraph3）theauthoristalkingabout gold [B]real [C]stockexchange[D]ventureWhycanmanypeoplesee“silverlinings”totheeconomicTheywouldbenefitincertainThestockmarketshowssignsofSuchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaThepurchasingpowerwouldbeTowhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelyto[A]Anewboom,onthehorizon.[B]Tightenthebelt,thesingle[C]Cautionallright,panic [D]Themoreventures,themoreText①Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueoninlect.②Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.③Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.④Symptomspervasiveanti-inlectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficultto①“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthaninlectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.②“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”③Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-inlectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforinlectualpursuits.①Buttheycouldandshouldbe.②Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.③Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.④Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewill easecond-ratecountry.⑤Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”①“Inlectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-InlectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-inlectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.②Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.③Practicality,commonsense,andnativeinligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.①RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”②MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-inlectualism.③Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.①Inlect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeinligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.②Inlectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.③Inligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileinlectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.①Schoolremainsaplacewhereinlectismistrusted.②Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytoinlectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastinlectualpromise.”（416WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinThehabitofthinkingindependently.[B]Profoundknowledgeofthe[C]Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.[D]TheconfidenceininlectualWecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof [B]favoringin[C]supportingschool [D]suppressingnativeinTheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare identical[B] [C] [D]Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably apioneerofeducationreform[B]anopponentofin[C]ascholarinfavorofinlect[D]anadvocateofregularWhatdoestheauthorthinkofinItissecondtoin [B]Itevolvesfromcommon[C]Itistobe [D]ItunderliesPartReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Therelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersformanycenturies.（61）TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguists,FranzBoasandEdwardSapir,werepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.（62）Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.Otherlinguistsintheearlierpartofthiscentury,however,whowerelesseagertodealwithbizarredatafrom“exotic”language,werenotalwayssograteful.（63）ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.NativeAmericanlanguagesareindeeddifferent,somuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacodeduringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages.Sapir’spupil,BenjaminLeeWhorf,continuedthestudyofAmericannlanguages.（64）Beinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthought,Whorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.Hereasonedthatbecauseitiseasiertoformulatecertainconceptsandnotothersinagivenlanguage,thespeakersofthatlanguagethinkalongonetrackandnotalonganother. （65）Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhich,initsstrongestform,statesthatlanguageimprisonsthemind,andthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.Later,thisideabecametobeknownastheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,butthistermissomewhatinappropriate.AlthoughbothSapirandWhorfemphasizedthediversityoflanguages,Sapirhimselfneverexplicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism.（355

SectionⅣStudythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1）describethedrawing,interpretitsmeaning,supportyourviewwithYoushouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.（