河南专用2020版中考英语语法过关专题十二非谓语动词课件人教新目标版

专题十二非谓语动词考点一动词不定式考点突破考点二动名词考点一动词不定式考点突破一、动词不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to。这里的to是动词不定式

符号,本身无词义。动词不定式的否定形式是not(+to)+动词原形。功能例句说明主语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对

我们来说不容易。动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的

工作就是每天打扫这个房间。多数情况下,动词不定式作表语可转换为作主语宾语—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?——他喜欢做什么运动?—Helikestoplaybasketball.——他喜欢打篮球。只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语二、动词不定式的句法功能补语Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词或感官动词后,动词不定式省略to(但在被动语态中to不能被省略)定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有什么要说的吗?动词不定式作定语,要放在被修饰词的后面状语I'msorrytotroubleyou.我很抱歉给你添麻烦了。(表原因)IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.我去图书馆学英语了。(表目的)动词不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子主语

一致1.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在后面,其结构为:It

+be+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+动词不定式。如:ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.学好英语是很有用的。It'simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.对我们来说,保护环境很重要。注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等形容人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。2.动词不定式作宾语只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。如:Iwouldliketoseeafilmthisevening.今晚我想去看电影。注意:(1)常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree(同意),plan(计划),want(想要),

learn(学会),expect(期望),decide(决定),wish(希望),pretend(假装),arrange(安

排),promise(承诺),refuse(拒绝),prepare(准备),hope(希望),wouldlike(想要),

manage(设法)等。(2)find,think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放

在后面。如:IfinditeasytospeakEnglish.我觉得说英语很容易。(3)常见的一些后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语的结构。whynot...,hadbetter(not)...,wouldrather,could/wouldyouplease(not)...。如:Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我宁愿待在房间里。3.动词不定式作表语多数情况下不定式作表语可转换为主语。如:Hisjobistocleantheofficeeveryday.=Tocleantheofficeeverydayishisjob.他的工作就是每天打扫办公室。4.动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系。如:Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西叫他把收音机调小点儿声。tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如:MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补,这时动词不定式要

省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四

看(lookat,see,watch,notice),但变为被动语态时,必须加上to。5.动词不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词之后。(2)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定

式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词。如:TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上

省去。如:Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).他没钱,也没有安居之所。三、“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法动词不定式与疑问词连用时可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语或表语。如:Whichbooktochooseisaproblem.选哪本书是一个问题。(作主语)Ihaven'tdecidedwhentostart.我还没有决定何时动身。(作宾语)Hetaughtmehowtouseit.他教给我如何使用它。(作宾语补足语)Themostimportantproblemishowtodealwiththiscomputer.最重要的问题是如何处理这台电脑。(作表语)注意:1.“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如:Idon'tknowhowtogetthere.=Idon'tknowhowIcangetthere.我不知道怎么到那里。2.按英语习惯,疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或whynot开头的省

略型疑问句中,其后可跟不带to的不定式。如:Youlookunhappy.Whynotgooutforawalk?你看起来不高兴。为什么不出去散步呢?考点二动名词一、动名词的构成动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,它既具有名词的特性,在句子中可以作主语、

表语、宾语和定语,又保留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。二、动名词的基本用法用法说明例句作主语动名词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;有时可用it作形式主语Swimmingisgoodforourhealth.It'sinterestingplayingwithchildren.作宾语动词enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,sug-

gest,imagine,consider等后面只能接动名词作宾

语HersisterpracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.

某些固定搭配,如:beinterestedin,beproudof,be

worth,beusedto,feellike,giveup,thinkof,take

partin等之后也接动名词作宾语WeareproudofbeingChinese.Weareusedtolivinginthiscity.作定语通常位于名词前Theyfoundanotherhidingplace.作表语表示主语具有抽象名词特性Seeingisbelieving.二、动名词的基本用法注意:1.英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有:fin-

ish,enjoy,mind,miss,beworth,bebusy,practice,feellike,beusedto(习惯于),giveup,

keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词或短语:完成练习值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)继续习惯别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup)考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike)喜欢思念和介意(enjoy,miss,mind)2.下列短语中的to为介词,后面应加动名词作宾语。makecontributionsto为……做贡献devoteoneselfto...致力于……,投身于……lookforwardto...期盼……preferAtoB比起B来更喜欢Abeusedto...习惯于……3.need,require,want后加动名词等于加不定式的被动式。如:Theflowersneedwatering.=Theflowersneedtobewatered.这些花需要浇了。三、动词后接不定式与动名词的区别1.

Stoptothinkaboutitforamoment.停下来想一会儿。Stoptalking,please.请停止说话。2.

Pleaseremembertopostmyletter.请记得把我的信寄出去。Irememberpostingyourletter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。3.

I'llneverforgethearingthispieceofmusicforthefirsttime.我将永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。Iforgottoaskhimforhisaddress.我忘了向他要他的地址了。4.

Pleasetrytodobetternexttime.下次尽力做得更好些。HetriedspeakingtousinEnglish.他试着用英语和我们谈话。5.

Goontodotheotherexercisesafteryoufinishthisone.你做完这道练习题后,接着做其他的。Goondoingtheexercisesafterashortrest.短暂的休息之后继续做练习题。一、单句填空1.(2019河南)—Doyoualwaysgetupsoearly?—Yes,

to

catchthefirstbus.Myhomeisfarawayfromschool.2.(2019天津)Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparks

to

helpprotectpandas.3.(2019江苏南京)—Doyouhaveanyplansfortheholiday?—Yes,I'mplanningtotraveltoJiuzhaigou.I'mlookingforwardto

seeing

(see)thecolourfullakesandamazingwaterfalls.4.(2019重庆)Hetookoffhisexpensivewatch

to

hidethefactthathewasrich.中考题组5.(2019广东)Youngpeopleareencouragedtoworkhard

to

achievetheirown

dreams.6.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)Kidslikereadingstorieswhichcanmakethem

laugh

(laugh).7.(2019吉林)Michaelvisitsmanywebsites

to

learnaboutChineseculture.8.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)Itiswise

of

Lindatomakeuphermind

to

learn

toplayaninstrument.9.(2019江苏苏州)—Pleasestaywithmethisweekend.—I'msorry,butmyfatherandIplanned

to

visitBeijingalongtimeago.10.(2019四川成都)Smartphones

made

(make)byHuaweiaregettingmore

andmorepopulararoundtheworld.11.(2019甘肃兰州)Wearesupposed

to

sharesomehouseworkwithourpar-

entswhenwehavefreetime.12.(2019甘肃天水)Isawher

watering

(water)flowersinthegardenwhenI

passedby.13.(2018天津)Harryinvitedme

to

staywithhimwhenhisparentswereoutof

town.14.(2018上海)Suepractises

playing

(play)theviolinhardandoftengiveswonderfulperformances.15.(2018重庆)Itwasraining.Myfatheraskedme

to

takearaincoat.16.(2018广东)Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless.Ithinkit

important

to

buildapeacefulworld.17.(2018江苏苏州)—I'mDaisy,notJessie.—Sorry,Ihavedifficulty

remembering

(remember)people'snames.18.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐)Mybikeisbroken.Iwillhaveit

fixed

(fix)uptomor-

rowmorning.19.(2018四川成都)Igotupearlythismorning

to

pickupmygrandmaattheairport.20.(2017河南)Wheneverwekidscomeover,AuntieSusanjuststandsthereand

watchesus

to

makesurewedon'tbreakanything.二、语篇填空阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完

整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。seedollarcollectrealboxhopemakepickif

meIdrovetoalocalsupermarket.Myshoppinglistwaslong,butmywalletwaslight.Iparkedmycar,lookeddownatmylistand1

thatIcouldafforditall.AsIwalkedtothedoor,Isawamanwithkindeyesandagentlesmile.Hesaidhe

was2

forafoodbankthathelpedtofeedthehungrypeopleinmyarea.He

gavemeashoppinglistofthingstheycoulduseandaskedme3

Icouldhelp.I

smiledback,tookthelistandwalkedintothestore.I4

wantedtohelp,butI

wasn'tsureifIcouldthistime.I5

upvegetables,bread,milkandsomeotherthings.WhenIlookeddownat

myfullcart(手推车),IwonderedagainifIhadenoughtopay.AsIputmyownlist

backintomypocket,I6

thefoodbanklistunderit.Idecidedtotrust7

heart.Withthefoodbankinmind,Ipickeduptwoofthebiggest8

ofriceandput

theminmycart.Andwheneverythingwastotaled,Ihadjustenoughtopayfor

themall.Ittakessolittleto9

ourworldabetterplace.Afew10

canhelpahungry

child.Asmileandhugcanhelptoheal(治愈)ahurtingheart.1.

hoped

2.

collecting

3.

if

4.

really

5.

picked

6.

saw

7.

my

8.

boxes

9.

make

10.

dollars

一、单句填空1.(2019河南郑州一模)—Whydidyoubuysomuchchocolate?—

To

supportmysister'sbusiness.She'sjustopenedachocolateshop.2.(2019河南新乡一模)Iwastiredout,soIstoppedthecar

to

haveashortrest.3.(2019河南开封一模)

To

improveyourEnglish,readmoreEnglishbooksand

magazines.4.(2019河南平顶山一模)HowkindMikeis!Healwaysdoeswhathecan

to

helpothers.模拟题组5.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)

To

maketheroomlooklarger,they

decidedtochooseafoldingdiningtable.6.(2019河南百校联盟大联考)Lastyear,wheneverIpassedthesquareinthemorn-

ing,Isawalargegroupofmiddle-agedwomen

dancing

(dance)there.7.(2019河南郑州二模)Lifeislikeastory.

To

makeyourstorywonderful,you

'dbetterimproveyourselfallthetime.8.(2019河南新乡二模)Ifinditrelaxingandpleasant

to

travelafterhardwork.9.(2019河南省实验中学二模)

To

protectteenagers'eyesight,HenanProvince

asksteachersnottosethomeworkonmobileapps.10.(2018河南安阳一模)—Whyareyouinahurry,Michael?—

To

catchtheearlybus.I'llbelateforclass.11.(2018河南许昌一模)WangTaoisonlyaneight-year-oldboy,buthehastodo

allhecan

to

makemoneyforhispoorfamily.Hereally