2025年广东深圳高三一模英语试题及词汇解析

试卷类型：A2025年深圳市高三年级第一次调研考试英语2025.2试卷共8页，卷面满分120分，折算成130分计入总分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAreyouinterestedinhowmarine(海洋的)ecosystemswork?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutmarineanimals?BowlingGreenStateUniversity(BGSU)hasoneofthefewcampsintheMidwestwherehighschoolstudentscanexplorelifeatsea!CampDates:June8-13、2025Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?·FieldtripstolocationsaroundNorthwestOhiotoexaminemarinelifeandenvironments·Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(标本)collectionprocedures·Designandrunanexperimentinourresearchlab·Behind-the-scenetriptotheToledoZootolearnaboutmarineanimals·MeetprofessionalstolearnwhatitmeanstobeamarinescientistWhatdoesthecostcover?TheBGSUMarineBiologycampwillofferbothresidentialandnon-residentialoptions.Thecostofthenon-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.ApplicationRequirements·Letterofrecommendation·Completetheonlineform·Completeresponsestoshort-answerquestionsNote:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.ApplicationDeadlines·March2,2025—Tobeconsideredforearlyadmission.ApplicantswillbeinformedbyMarch14.·April25.2025—GeneralApplicationDeadline.Note:Allspacesmayfillafterselectionfromtheearlyadmissiondeadline.21.Whatdoesthecampoffer?A.Samplegatheringpractice. B.Fieldtripstonaturemuseums.C.Researchlabmembership. D.Lecturesonmarineknowledge.22.Whatistheearlyadmissioncostfortheresidentialoption?A.$400. B.$765. C.$1,125. D.$1,250.23.Whichofthefollowingwillresultinanapplicant’sdisqualification?A.Forgettingtoconfirmadmission. B.Providingresponsesgivenbyothers.C.Missingtheearlyapplicationdeadline. D.Failingtorecommendotherapplicants.21.

答案是A。根据文中“Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(标本)collectionprocedures”可知，营地提供样本采集实践活动，A选项“Samplegatheringpractice”与之相符；文中提到的是“FieldtripstolocationsaroundNorthwestOhiotoexaminemarinelifeandenvironments”，并非去自然博物馆，B选项错误；文中只是说可以在研究实验室设计并进行实验，并非提供研究实验室会员资格，C选项错误；文中未提及海洋知识讲座，D选项错误。22.

答案是C。首先，非住宿项目费用是

850美元，住宿选项需额外支付400

美元，所以住宿项目原价是

1250

美元。又因为提前录取有10%

的折扣，那么提前录取的住宿选项费用为1125美元，C选项正确。23.

答案是B。根据文中“Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.”可知，由申请人以外的任何人提供的问题答案将使申请无效，B选项“Providingresponsesgivenbyothers”与之相符；A选项“忘记确认录取”、C选项“错过提前申请截止日期”、D选项“未能推荐其他申请人”在文中均未提及会导致申请无效。A篇重点单词和词组及其解释：1.

ecosystems：生态系统2.

marine：海洋的；海生的；航海的3.

specimen：标本；样本（如“practicespecimencollectionprocedures”练习标本采集程序）4.

residential：居住的；住宅的；提供住宿的（文中“residentialoption”表示住宿选择，“non-residential”即非住宿的）5.

additional：额外的；附加的（“anadditional$400fee”额外400美元的费用）6.

discount：折扣（“A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.”提前录取可享受10%的折扣）7.

recommendation：推荐；推荐信（“Letterofrecommendation”推荐信）8.

application：申请；应用（文中“ApplicationRequirements”申请要求，“ApplicationDeadlines”申请截止日期）9.

deadline：截止日期（“ApplicationDeadlines”申请截止日期，如“March2,2025—Tobeconsideredforearlyadmission.”3月2日为提前录取考虑的截止日期）10.

disqualify：使丧失资格；取消……的资格（“Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.”除申请人以外任何人提供的问题答案将使申请失去资格）BJulesVerneiswidelyregardedasoneofthefathersofsciencefiction.His“ExtraordinaryVoyages(航海)”seriestransportreadersongrandadventurestothefarreachesofEarthandbeyond.ButVernedidmorethanjusttellentertainingstories—healsopredictedover100modern-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswritings.Forexample,inthe1889shortstoryIntheYear2889,Vernepaintedapictureofahighlynetworkedworldwithglobalmultimediacommunications.Hedescribedthe“phonotelephone”whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeonanothercontinent:“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist(潮湿的)withtears.”Verne’stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe“hardsciencefiction”ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.Verneisoftenthoughtofasatechnologicaloptimist,achampionofscientificprogressandinnovation.Buthiswritingsalsorevealanotherperspective.Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine(潜艇)toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.ThespiritofadventureinVerne’stimelessstorieswillliveon,continuingtoinspiregenerationstopushtheboundariesofthepossibleandcreatetheworldoftomorrow.ThatisperhapsthegreatestachievementoftheextraordinaryvoyagesofJulesVerne.24.HowdoesMr.SmithcontacthiswifeinIntheYear2889?A.Byholdinganin-persontalk. B.Bymakingalong-distancecall.C.Bysendingaletterbackhome. D.Byhavinganinstantvideochat.25.Whatisthe“hardsciencefiction”basedon?A.Theunrealisticfantasies. B.Thefictionaltechnologies.C.Thelatestresearchfindings. D.Theimaginedfutureworlds.26.WhatcanweinferaboutVernefromCaptainNemo’sstory?A.Heisdisappointedwithhumannature.B.Heisawareofthedangeroftechnology.C.Heisinfavourofscientificdevelopment.D.Heisdifferentfromthewritersofhistime.27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJulesVerneaccordingtothetext?A.Strong-willed. B.Fantasy-seeking. C.Positive-minded. D.Forward-thinking.24题答案D.Byhavinganinstantvideochat解析：题目问史密斯先生在《IntheYear2889》中如何联系他的妻子。根据文中“Hedescribedthe'phonotelephone'whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher.Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen”可知，通过“phonotelephone”这种能远距离传输声音和图像的设备，史密斯先生能看到妻子出现在屏幕上，这符合即时视频聊天的特征。A选项“Byholdinganin-persontalk”（面对面交谈），显然不符合远距离的设定；B选项“Bymakingalong-distancecall”（打长途电话），长途电话只能听到声音，不能看到图像；C选项“Bysendingaletterbackhome”（寄信回家），寄信速度慢且不能即时交流，所以答案是D。25题答案C.Thelatestresearchfindings.解析：题目问“硬科幻小说”基于什么。文中提到“Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe'hardsciencefiction'ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.”，说明凡尔纳以前沿科学和自己广泛的研究为基础来创作有现实感的未来想象，而这些为“硬科幻小说”奠定了基础，所以“硬科幻小说”是基于最新的研究发现，C选项正确。A选项“不切实际的幻想”，与文中强调的基于现实不符；B选项“虚构的技术”不准确，不是单纯虚构，而是基于科学研究；D选项“想象的未来世界”，没有突出基于科学研究这一关键，所以答案是C。26题答案B.Heisawareofthedangeroftechnology.解析：题目问从尼莫船长的故事中我们能推断出凡尔纳什么。文中说“Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarinetoviolentlyattackships.”，许多故事中科学家的发明带来更多危害，尼莫船长用潜艇暴力攻击船只，这表明凡尔纳意识到了技术可能带来的危险，B选项正确。A选项“他对人性失望”，文章未体现；C选项“他支持科学发展”，从尼莫船长故事看，更强调技术的危害，并非单纯支持科学发展；D选项“他与同时代作家不同”，不是从尼莫船长故事推断出的主要内容，所以答案是B。27题答案D.Forward-thinking解析：题目问根据文章，以下哪个最能描述儒勒·凡尔纳。文章讲述了凡尔纳在作品中预测了100多项现代发明和技术，以现实为基础想象未来，为“硬科幻小说”奠定基础等，这些都体现了他具有前瞻性，D选项“Forward-thinking”（有前瞻性的）正确。A选项“Strong-willed”（意志坚强的），文中未体现他意志方面的内容；B选项“Fantasy-seeking”（寻求幻想），他的创作并非单纯寻求幻想，而是基于科学研究；C选项“Positive-minded”（积极乐观的），虽然他被认为是技术乐观主义者，但从他作品中对技术危害的描述看，这个词不能全面概括他，所以答案是D。B篇选项中的重要单词和短语1.

contact：动词，意为“联系；联络”。例如：Iwillcontactyoubyphone.（我会通过电话联系你。）2.

in-person：形容词，“亲自的；当面的”。例如：Hemadeanin-personappearanceatthemeeting.（他亲自出席了会议。）3.

long-distance：形容词，“长途的；远距离的”。例如：along-distancecall（长途电话）4.

instant：形容词，“立即的；即时的”。例如：instantcoffee（速溶咖啡）；在文中“instantvideochat”指“即时视频聊天”。5.

unrealistic：形容词，“不切实际的；空想的”。例如：anunrealisticplan（不切实际的计划）6.

fantasy：名词，“幻想；想象”。例如：Childrenoftenhavealotoffantasies.（孩子们常常有许多幻想。）7.

fictional：形容词，“虚构的；小说的”。例如：fictionalcharacters（虚构的人物）8.

technology：名词，“技术；工艺”。例如：moderntechnology（现代技术）9.

finding：名词，常用复数形式“findings”，意为“调查发现；研究结果”。例如：Thelatestfindingsshowthat...（最新研究结果表明……）10.

infer：动词，“推断；推论”。例如：Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?（从这篇文章我们能推断出什么？）11.

aware：形容词，“意识到；知道”，常用搭配“beawareof”。例如：Heisawareofthedanger.（他意识到了危险。）12.

infavourof：介词短语，“支持；赞成”。例如：Iaminfavourofthisidea.（我赞成这个想法。）13.

describe：动词，“描述；形容”。例如：Canyoudescribewhathelookslike?（你能描述一下他长什么样吗？）14.

strong-willed：形容词，“意志坚强的”。例如：astrong-willedperson（意志坚强的人）15.

fantasy-seeking：合成词，可理解为“追求幻想的”。16.

positive-minded：合成词，“心态积极的”。例如：apositive-mindedattitude（积极的心态）17.

forward-thinking：形容词，“有前瞻性的；有远见的”。例如：aforward-thinkingleader（有远见的领导）CSelf-confidenceistrustinginourabilitiesorqualities.It’susuallyseenasagoodthing.Butisitpossiblethatwemightbenefitfromalittlelessconfidenceinourbeliefs?Formanyyears,Dr.MarkLeary,aneuroscientistatDukeUniversityinDurham,N.C.,hasstudiedtheroleofpeople’sbeliefsintheirbehavior.Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.Asurveyof144collegestudentstomeasuretheirintellectualhumilityfoundthatstudentswhosawtheirthinkingcouldbewrongtendedtobemorecuriousandmorelikelytoseekoutnewknowledge.Theyendedupknowingmoreattheendoftheday.Butdoesitactuallyhelpyoubeyondthat?Tofindoutmore,Dr.TenellePorteratBallStateUniversityconductedaseriesofstudieswithhighschoolstudents.Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.Studentswhodidn’tseetheirknowledgecouldbewrongmightinsteadjustsailthroughtheirstudyingandwouldn’tstoptoaskthemselvesiftheytrulyunderstoodwhattheyread,heard,ordid.Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.Althoughitmightbegoodforyou,researchersrecognizethatquestioningyourbeliefscanbetrulyhard.Still,it’simportanttorememberthatquestioningbeliefsisn’talwaysaboutreplacingoldoneswithnewones.Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”28.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexplosionoftheChallenger?A.Toexpresshissorrowfortheloss. B.Tostressthehighriskofspaceflights.C.Toshowtheresultofwrongoperation. D.Togiveanexampleofoverconfidence.29.WhatdoweknowaboutintellectualhumilityaccordingtoPorter’sresearch?A.Iturgedstudentstogainrecognition.B.Itencouragedstudentstotakeexams.C.Ithelpedstudentstoadjustlearningmethods.D.Itmotivatedstudentstomemorizeknowledge.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“gotasubjectdownpat”meaninparagraph5?A.Fullymasteredasubject. B.PutgreateffortintoasubjectC.Reallyenjoyedasubject. D.Benefitedalotfromasubject.31.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A.Whyquestioningourbeliefishard. B.Whyintellectualhumilityishelpful.C.Howtobecomeaconfidentperson. D.Howtopracticeintellectualhumility.28.答案及解析-答案：D-解析：文章第二段提到“Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommonespeciallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.”，作者先指出过度自信很常见且会导致灾难性决定，接着举例1986年美国国家航空航天局对太空飞行风险的过度自信的看法，进而导致了挑战者号的爆炸。所以提到挑战者号爆炸是为了举例说明过度自信带来的后果，选项D“Togiveanexampleofoverconfidence.”符合。选项A“Toexpresshissorrowfortheloss”表达对损失的悲伤，文中未体现；选项B“Tostressthehighriskofspaceflights”强调太空飞行的高风险，重点并非强调风险，而是过度自信的后果；选项C“Toshowtheresultofwrongoperation”展示错误操作的结果，文章强调的是过度自信这一信念导致的结果，而非错误操作。29.答案及解析-答案：C-解析：根据第四段“Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they'dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.”可知，具有智性谦逊的学生更有可能自我测试，找出理解中的漏洞，并且根据测试成绩改变学习策略。选项C“Ithelpedstudentstoadjustlearningmethods.”帮助学生调整学习方法，符合文意。选项A“Iturgedstudentstogainrecognition”促使学生获得认可，文中未提及；选项B“Itencouragedstudentstotakeexams”鼓励学生参加考试，不是鼓励单纯参加考试，而是通过自我测试等方式提升学习；选项D“Itmotivatedstudentstomemorizeknowledge”激励学生记忆知识，文中重点是调整学习方法而非单纯记忆知识。30.答案及解析-答案：A-解析：根据第五段“Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn'tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.”可知，这些学生原以为自己对某个科目gotasubjectdownpat，但在考试中被要求解释时，发现自己并没有想象中理解得那么多，所以gotasubjectdownpat意思应该是“完全掌握了一个科目”，选项A“Fullymasteredasubject.”符合。选项B“Putgreateffortintoasubject”在一个科目上投入很大努力，与后文实际理解情况不符；选项C“Reallyenjoyedasubject”真的喜欢一个科目，文章重点在掌握程度；选项D“Benefitedalotfromasubject”从一个科目中受益很多，也不符合文意。31.答案及解析-答案：D-解析：文章最后一段提到“Althoughitmightbegoodforyou,researchersrecognizethatquestioningyourbeliefscanbetrulyhard.Still,it'simportanttorememberthatquestioningbeliefsisn'talwaysaboutreplacingoldoneswithnewones.Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking"babysteps."”，指出质疑自己的信念很难，并且提到如果觉得难可以尝试“小步前进”，接下来很可能会讨论如何实践智性谦逊，也就是如何去质疑自己的信念，选项D“Howtopracticeintellectualhumility.”符合。选项A“Whyquestioningourbeliefishard”质疑信念为何难，前文已提及；选项B“Whyintellectualhumilityishelpful”智性谦逊为何有帮助，前文已阐述；选项C“Howtobecomeaconfidentperson”如何成为一个自信的人，与文章最后话题不符。考点这几道题主要考查对文章细节的理解以及对文章内容走向的推断。做这类阅读理解题时，要紧扣文章内容，准确理解每个段落的主旨以及作者的意图，通过对选项与原文内容的细致比对来得出答案。C篇重要单词及其解释1.

neuroscientist：神经科学家。这是由“neuro-”（表示“神经的”）和“scientist”（科学家）组成的复合词。2.

disastrous：灾难性的；极糟糕的。例如：Thefloodcauseddisastrousconsequences.（洪水造成了灾难性的后果。）3.

humility：谦逊；谦虚。如：Intellectualhumilityisanimportantquality.（智性谦逊是一种重要的品质。）4.

potential：潜在的；可能的。既可以作形容词，如potentialproblems（潜在的问题），也可作名词，意为“潜力”，如Hehasgreatpotential.（他有很大的潜力。）5.

strategies：策略；战略（strategy的复数形式）。例如：Weneedtodevelopdifferentstrategiestosolvethisproblem.（我们需要制定不同的策略来解决这个问题。）C篇重要短语及其解释1.

benefitfrom：从……中受益。例如：Wecanbenefitfromreadingbooks.（我们能从读书中受益。）2.

leadto：导致；通向。如：Smokingcanleadtomanyhealthproblems.（吸烟会导致许多健康问题。）3.

seekout：找出；找到；物色。例如：Weshouldseekoutnewopportunities.（我们应该寻找新的机会。）4.

endup：最终成为；最后处于。例如：Ifyoudon'tworkhard,you'llendupnowhere.（如果你不努力，最终将一事无成。）5.

sailthrough：顺利通过；轻易完成。例如：Hesailedthroughtheexam.（他轻松通过了考试。）6.

downpat：完全掌握；滚瓜烂熟。例如：Hehasthepoemdownpat.（他把这首诗背得滚瓜烂熟。）DTheabilitytodetectanearbypresencewithoutseeingortouchingitmaysoundfantastical—butit’sarealabilitythatsomecreatureshave.AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.“Wedevelopedanewstrategyfor3Dmotionpositioningbyelectronicskin,bio-inspiredby‘electricfish’,”saysDr.XingeYu,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringattheCityUniversityofHongKong.Theteamdescribedtheirc-skinsensorinapaperpublishedonNovember14inNature.Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(发射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(扰乱),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.Aspecialbiogel(生物凝胶)isusedinthesensor,whichhastheabilitytotransmitandreceiveelectricsignalsfromapatternofmicrochannelsonthesurface.Theendresultisasensorthatisthin,softandflexible,makingitcosytoadapttoirregularsurfaces,suchasthehumanbody.Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.Theresearchershopethatthissensorcouldonedayopenupanewrangeofwearabletechnologies,includingsensorsforhuman-machineinteractionandthin,flexiblec-skin.32.Thefirstparagraphaimstoshow.A.thespecialabilityofAfricanfish. B.theinspirationforanewinventionC.thebigchallengeoflocatingobjects. D.thereasonfordevelopingasensor33.Whatisthecorrectorderofthesystem’sworkingprocedures?a.Thetransmittercreatesanelectricfield.b.Aunitcomputesthepositionofthetarget.c.Thecontrollersendstheactivatingsignal.d.Thereceiverdetectsthechangeofelectricsignals.e.Theelectricfieldisdisruptedbyanapproachingobject.A.c-a-c-d-b. B.c-a-d-e-b. C.a-c-e-d-b. D.a-e-c-d-b.34.Whatisanadvantageofthenewsensorsystem?A.Itssensitivitytodifferentstimulations.B.Itsadaptationtoenvironmentalchanges.C.Itsefficiencyinachieving3Dpositioning.D.Itsspeedindatacollectionandprocessing.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MachineDetective“Wears”FlexibleE-skinB.Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouchingC.E-SkinSensor:TheFutureofMachineLearningD.ElectricFields:TheFrontierofObjectDetection32.解析第一段提到一些生物有无需看见或触摸就能探测到附近物体存在的能力，特别是非洲的一种鱼有特殊器官能定位附近目标，而科学家受此启发开发了人工传感器系统。所以第一段旨在展示新发明的灵感来源。答案是B。32.题干翻译32.

第一段旨在展示____。A.非洲鱼的特殊能力B.一项新发明的灵感C.定位物体的巨大挑战D.开发一种传感器的原因33.解析根据文章内容，系统的工作流程为：首先控制器发送激活信号（c），然后发射器产生电场（a），接着当物体靠近时电场被扰乱（e），接收器检测到电信号的变化（d），最后一个单元计算目标的位置（b）。答案是A。33.题干翻译33.

系统工作程序的正确顺序是什么？a.发射器产生一个电场。b.一个单元计算目标的位置。c.控制器发送激活信号。d.接收器检测电信号的变化。e.电场被靠近的物体扰乱。A.c-a-e-d-bB.c-a-d-e-bC.a-c-e-d-bD.a-e-c-d-b34.解析文章提到与传统传感器系统需要大量传感器来实现空间定位不同，新系统仅用几个传感器就能在3D空间精确定位物体，这显著降低了数据收集、传输和处理的功耗，说明新传感器系统在实现3D定位方面效率更高。答案是C。34.

新传感器系统的优势是什么？A.它对不同刺激的敏感性。B.它对环境变化的适应性。C.它在实现3D定位方面的效率。D.它在数据收集和处理方面的速度。35.解析文章主要讲述了受非洲鱼探测目标能力的启发，科学家开发出一种人工传感器系统，该系统能在不接触的情况下感知物体，所以“Bio-inspiredSensor‘Feels’WithoutTouching（受生物启发的传感器无需触摸就能‘感知’）”作为标题最合适。答案是B。35.题干翻译35.

这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？A.机器侦探“穿戴”灵活电子皮肤B.受生物启发的传感器无需触摸就能“感知”C.电子皮肤传感器：机器学习的未来D.电场：物体检测的前沿D篇重要单词和词组及其解释：单词1.

detect：动词，察觉；发现；探测。例如：Themachinecandetectsmallflawsinthemetal.（这台机器能检测出金属中的小瑕疵。）2.

presence：名词，存在；出席；在场的人（或物）。如：Shewasnotawareofhispresenceintheroom.（她没有察觉到他在房间里。）3.

fantastic：形容词，极好的；了不起的；奇异的；难以置信的。文中取“奇异的；难以置信的”之意，如Thatsoundslikeafantasticidea.（那听起来是个奇妙的主意。）4.

locate：动词，确定……的位置；找到。例如：Weneedtolocatethesourceoftheproblem.（我们需要找出问题的根源。）5.

artificial：形容词，人造的；人工的；假的。如：artificialintelligence（人工智能）6.

strategy：名词，策略；战略。例如：Weneedtodevelopanewmarketingstrategy.（我们需要制定新的营销策略。）7.

motion：名词，运动；移动；动作。如：themotionoftheplanets（行星的运动）8.

positioning：名词，定位；布置。例如：thepositioningofthefurnitureintheroom（房间里家具的摆放）9.

generate：动词，产生；引起；生成。例如：Thepowerplantgenerateselectricity.（这家发电厂发电。）10.

activate：动词，使活动；激活；启动。如：Youcanactivatethealarmbypressingthisbutton.（你可以按下这个按钮启动警报。）11.

disrupt：动词，扰乱；使中断；打乱。例如：Thestormdisruptedthetrainservice.（暴风雨扰乱了火车服务。）12.

process：动词，处理；加工。例如：Thecomputercanprocessalargeamountofdata.（这台计算机能处理大量数据。）13.

precisely：副词，精确地；准确地；恰好。例如：Tellmepreciselywhathappened.（确切地告诉我发生了什么事。）14.

spatial：形容词，空间的；与空间有关的。如：spatialawareness（空间意识）15.

consumption：名词，消耗；消费。例如：theconsumptionofelectricity（电的消耗）词组1.

incontrastto：与……形成对比；与……相比。例如：Incontrasttohisbrother,heisverytall.（与他哥哥相比，他很高。）2.

openup：开发；开辟；开启。例如：Thenewtechnologyhasopenedupmanynewpossibilities.（这项新技术开辟了许多新的可能性。）第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。找出符合高中阶段的重要单词和短语并解释Greenroofshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears,longbeforemodernhousingwasdeveloped.Fromthesimplegrass-coveredroofsabovecavestothefamousHangingGardensofBabylon,theyremainedanimportantpartofarchitecture.36Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressingecologicalchallengesofourtime.Inthedesignofagreenroof,therearekeyfactorsthatcount.Thefirststepistoinstall(安装)aprotectivelayerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.37It’sessentialtochoosehigh-qualitymaterials,asoncethegreenroofiscompletedandthebuildingisinuse,replacingtheprotectivelayerbecomesdifficultandexpensive.Next,adrainage(排水)layer,whichisoftenmadeofpebblesoraspecialmat,isplacedontop.Ithelpswaterflowofftheroofinsteadofpoolingonit.Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspreadoverthedrainagelayer.38Nowit’stimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon’tneedmuchwater.39Sedumandchivesaregoodexamplesofsuchplants.Theyarenotonlywater-efficientbuttoughandlong-lasting.40It’simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.Onaverage,itcosts$25to$30persquarefoottoinstallagreenroof.Thisdoesn’tincludethecostofinstallingorrepairingthenormalroofunderneath.Andthereislabourcosttocover.Ifatraditionalroofcosts$30persquarefoot,installingagreenroofcouldeasilydoublethatexpense.A.Thisiswheretheplantswillgrow.B.However,greenroofscomeatahighcost.C.Today,greenroofsaregainingmoreattention.D.Thesefeaturesmakethemidealforgreenroofs.E.Asaresult,theyledtothepopularityofgreenroofs.F.Greenroofmaterialscanrangefromgrasstosolarpanels.G.Thelayeralsostopsplantrootsgrowingintotheroofstructure.答案36.

C37.

G38.

A39.

D40.

B解析1.

36题：前文提到绿色屋顶在古代就存在，且一直是建筑的重要部分。后文说它们带来巨大环境效益并解决当下生态挑战，说明现在绿色屋顶受到更多关注。C选项“Today,greenroofsaregainingmoreattention”（如今，绿色屋顶正受到更多关注）承上启下，符合语境。2.

37题：前文说设计绿色屋顶第一步是安装保护层防止水损害，G选项“Thelayeralsostopsplantrootsgrowingintotheroofstructure”（这一层还能阻止植物根系长入屋顶结构）进一步阐述了保护层的另一个作用，与前文对保护层的描述相呼应。3.

38题：前文提到在排水层上铺上种植介质，A选项“Thisiswheretheplantswillgrow”（这就是植物将会生长的地方），这里的“this”指代前文的种植介质层，解释了其用途。4.

39题：前文说一些植物根系浅且需水少，D选项“Thesefeaturesmakethemidealforgreenroofs”（这些特点使它们成为绿色屋顶的理想选择），“Thesefeatures”指代前文提到的植物特点，逻辑连贯。5.

40题：后文提到安装绿色屋顶平均每平方英尺的成本，还说成本可能翻倍，B选项“However,greenroofscomeatahighcost”（然而，绿色屋顶成本高昂）引出下文对成本的讨论。重要单词1.

architecture/ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/：n.建筑；建筑学；建筑风格。文中提到“theyremainedanimportantpartofarchitecture”，这里指绿色屋顶一直是建筑的重要部分。2.

enormous/ɪˈnɔːməs/：adj.巨大的；庞大的。“Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefits”表示它们带来巨大的环境益处。3.

pressing/ˈpresɪŋ/：adj.紧迫的；迫切的。“offersolutionstosomepressingecologicalchallenges”指为一些紧迫的生态挑战提供解决方案。4.

essential/ɪˈsenʃl/：adj.基本的；必要的；极其重要的。“It'sessentialtochoosehigh-qualitymaterials”意思是选择高质量材料是极其重要的。5.

budget/ˈbʌdʒɪt/：n.预算。“It'simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.”即考虑预算很重要。重要短语1.

aroundfor：存在（一段时间）。“Greenroofshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears”表示绿色屋顶已经存在数千年了。2.

inuse：在使用中。“oncethegreenroofiscompletedandthebuildingisinuse”指一旦绿色屋顶建成且建筑投入使用。3.

insteadof：代替；而不是。“Ithelpswaterflowofftheroofinsteadofpoolingonit.”意思是它帮助水从屋顶流走而不是在屋顶上积聚。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ionceworkedintheremotebutbeautifulcountryside.Allfarmworkcan,inmyexperience,41apersontodevelopaSpartan(斯巴达的)spirit.Fromtheageofeight,Ihadtocontributemyshareof42alongwithmyparentsandtwoelderbrothers.Onthehottestsummerdayswhentheair43flowed,Ikneltinapaddyfield(稻田)withmykneesdeepinmud.Thebugsandwormsinthewater44intomyskin,andthesunburneduponmy45back.Sweatstreameddown;ifadropranintotheeyes,itwould46tears.SoIalwayskeptmyfaceaslowaspossible.Itoldmyself,“Be47!”Ifmyparentsandbrotherscouldgoontakingit,socouldI.48Ipulledmyselftogetheranddraggedmyselfforward.Ilearnednottobeafraidofdifficultiesandthemeaningof“youreap(收获)whatyou49.”“Judgeamannotbyhisface,butbyhis50,”mymotherusedtosay.Thelandis51,aslongasyouarewillingtoworkonit.Whenthewindblewandthericeplantsmovedlike52inthesea,breathtakinglybeautiful,adeepsenseofsatisfaction53inme.AlthoughlaterIwentintoacademicresearch,Ishallalwaysrememberwhatworkinginthepaddyfieldstaughtme:54yourfeetfirmlyontheground,nevergiveupandyouwillbe55.41.A.remind B.warn C.attract D.train42.A.wealth B.luck C.labour D.wisdom43.A.gently B.hardly C.loudly D.usually44.A.climbed B.bit C.cut D.fell45.A.arched B.broad C.strong D.straightened46.A.hold B.produce C.drop D