阅读理解完形填空新增文章-综合

目录第四部分阅读理解新增文章BatteriesBuiltbyViruses(理工)-----------------------------------------------------------------01BeAlerttoAntimicrobialResistance(卫生)---------------------------------------------------02CookingOilFumesCauseTumor(卫生)-----------------------------------------------------04ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeople(综合)-----------------------------------------------05LongerLivesforWildElephants(理工)-----------------------------------------------------07MarvelousMetamaterials(理工)--------------------------------------------------------------08PreventingChildMaltreatment(卫生)--------------------------------------------------------09SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers(理工)------------------------------------------11SpoiltforChoice(综合)--------------------------------------------------------------------------12TheStateofMarriageToday(综合)-------------------------------------------------------------14WeavingwithLight(理工)-------------------------------------------------------------------------15WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredict(理工)-----16第六部分完形填空新增文章Exercise(卫生)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18FoodSafetyandFoodborneIllness(卫生)-------------------------------------------------------18Influenza(卫生)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears(综合)-----------------------------------------------20PandemicH1N12009(卫生)-----------------------------------------------------------------------21SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens(理工)--------------------------------22SportorSpectacle?(综合)---------------------------------------------------------------------------23WhatistheCoolestGasintheUniverse?(理工)--------------------------------------------------24WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms(综合)------------------------------------------------------------------25YoungAdultsWhoExerciseGetHigherIQScores(理工)------------------------------------------26参考答案---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28

1第四部分阅读理解ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeopleBeingabletomultitaskishailedbymostpeopleasawelcomeskill,butnotaccordingtoarecentstudywhichclaimsthatyoungpeoplebetweentheagesofeightandeighteenoftheso-calledGenerationMarespendingaconsiderableamountoftheirtimeinfruitlesseffortsastheymultitask.Itarguesthat,infact,theseyoungpeoplearefritteringawayasmuchashalfoftheirtimeagainastheywouldiftheyperformedtheverysametasksoneaftertheother.Someyoungpeoplearejugglinganeverlargernumberofelectronicdevicesastheystudy.Atthesametimethattheyareworking,youngadultsarealsosurfingontheInternet,orsendingoutemailstotheirfriends,and/oransweringthetelephoneandlisteningtomusicontheiriPodsoronanothercomputer.Assomenewdevicecomesalongittooisaddedtothelistratherthanreplacingoneoftheexistingdevices.Otherresearchhasindicatedthatthismultitaskingisevenaffectingthewayfamiliesthemselvesfunctionasyoungpeoplearetoowrappedupintheirownisolatedworldstointeractwiththeotherpeoplearoundthem.Theycannolongergreetfamilymemberswhentheyenterthehousenorcantheyeatatthefamilytable.Allthiselectronicwizardryissupposedlyalsoseriouslyaffectingyoungpeople’sperformanceatuniversityandintheworkplace.Whenaskedabouttheirperceptionoftheimpactofmoderngadgetsontheirperformanceoftasks,theoverwhelmingmajorityofyoungpeoplegaveafavorableresponse.Theresponsefromtheacademicandbusinessworldswasnotquiteaspositive.Theformerfeelthatmultitaskingwithelectronicgadgetsbychildrenaffectslaterdevelopmentofstudyskills,resultinginadeclineinthequalityofwriting,forexample,becauseofthelackofconcentrationontaskcompletion.Theyfeelthatmanyundergraduatesnowurgentlyneedremedialhelpwithstudyskills.Similarly,employersfeelthatyoungpeopleenteringtheworkplaceneedtobetaughtalloveragain,astheyhavebecomedeskilled.Whileallthismaybetrue,itmustbeborneinmindthatmoreandmoreisexpectedofyoungpeoplenowadaysinfact,toomuch.Praiseratherthancriticismisdueinrespectofthewaytoday’syouthareabletocopedespitewhattheoldergenerationthrowatthem.1.Accordingtoarecentstudy,whatisprobablytrueaboutthemultitaskingGenerationM?A.Theyarehighlycommendedforbeingsoeffectiveandefficient.B.Theywastemoretimethantheyshouldsave,contrarytocommonassumptions.C.Theyshouldprioritizeandfocusonthemostimportanttasksonhand.D.Theyneedtoimprovetheirorganizationalskillssoastocompletealltheirtasks.2.Withtheadventofnewgadgets,whatwillhappentoGenerationM’spresente-devices?A.Theymakewayforthelatestandgreatestandareretiredbytheyoungpeople.B.Theyareputawaytemporarilybutstayinrotationfortheirownerstochoosefrom.C.Theybecomepartoftheeverincreasingcollectionofnovelties.D.Theyareeithersoldortradedsothattheirownerscanupdatetheirtoysandhobbies.3.HowwillmultitaskingaffectGenerationMadversely?A.Itmakesthemfeellonelyandpitiful.B.Itmakesthemaloofandelusivetofamilyandfriends.C.Itmakesthemselfishandpossessive.D.Itmakesthemimpoliteandungrateful.4.Whatisthebiggestproblemformultitaskingundergraduatesinuniversities?A.Theyshouldadjusttheiracademicattitudesseriously.B.Theyshouldseekpsychologicalprofessionalsforassistance.C.Theyshouldtakesomecrashcoursestocatchupwiththeirclassmates.D.Theyshouldtryhardertofocusononetaskbeforemovingontothenext.5.Indealingwithtoday’syouth,whatapproachshouldparentstake?A.Besupportiveandunderstanding.B.Berealisticandlowertheirexpectations.C.Beencouragingandlettheirchildrensticktotheiroldhabits.D.Bepatientandhopeeverythingwillworkoutjustfineeventually.ExerciseCanReplaceInsulinforElderlyDiabeticsMostolderpeoplewithso-calledtypeIIdiabetescouldstoptakinginsuliniftheywoulddobriskexercisefor30minutesjustthreetimesaweek,accordingtonewmedicalresearchresultsreportedintheCopenhagennewspaperBerlingskeTidendeonMonday.ResultsfromrestsconductedondiabeticsattheCopenhagenCentralHospitalRigshospitalet’sCenterforMuscleResearchshowedthatphysicalexercisecanboostthebody’sabilitytoutilizeinsulinby30percent,thenewspaperreported.Thisisequaltotheeffectmostelderlydiabeticsgetformtheirinsulinmedicationtoday,itsaid.Researchershadagroupofnon-diabeticmenandagrouplfmenwithtypeII,allmorethan60yearsofage,exerciseonbicyclessixtimesaweekforthreemonths.Afterthethreemonthsthedoctorsmeasuredhowmuchsugarthetestsubjects’musclescouldutiliseasameasureforhowwelltheirinsulinworked.AssociateProfessorDr.FlemmingDelaoftheMuscle“Thismeansthattheinsulinworksjustaswellforbothgroups.Physicalexercisecannotcurepeopleofdiabetes,butitcaneliminatealmostalltheirsymptoms,Atthesametimeitcanputoffthepointatwhichtheyhavetobegintakinginsulinorperhapscompletelyavoidinsulintreatment,”Delawasquotedassaying.Insulinisahormoneproducedbythepancreas,controllingsugarinthebodyandusedagainstdiabetes.Delasaidthattoachievethedesiredeffectdiabeticsneedonlyexercisetothepointwheretheybegintowordupasweat,butthattheactivityhastobemaintainedsinceitwearsoffafterfivedayswithoutsufficientexercise.Mostdiabeticsrealizethatthathavetowatchtheirdietwhileremainingunawareoftheimportanceofexercise,Delaadded.1.HowcouldmostelderlyTypeIIdiabeticsstoptakinginsulin?A.BytakingmoresaltthanusualB.BytakinglesssaltthanusualC.Bydoingbriskexerciseforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweek.D.Bygoingclimbing,swimmingorboxingeveryday.2.PysicalexercisemayincreasethebodyabilitytoutiliseinsulinbyA.70percentB.30percentC.60percentD.onlyafewpercent3.ThesubjectsoftheresearchtestsconductedattheCopenhagenHostipalincludedA.elderlynon-diabeticmenB.elderlytypeIIdiabeticmenC.bothsexesofallagesD.BothAandB4.Towhatadegreehavediabeticstoexerciseinordertoachievethedesiredeffect?A.TothedegreewheretheybegintosweatB.TothedegreewheretheyfeelexhaustedC.TothepointwhentheyfeelthristyD.Tothepointwhentheyhavetotakeinsulin5.AccordingtoDela,amongmostdiabeticstheimportanceofexerciseis______theimportanceofwatchingtheirdietA.aspoorlyunderstoodasB.aswellunderstoodasC.lessunderstoodthanD.betterunderstoodthanSpoiltforChoiceChoice,wearegiventobelieve,isaright.Indailylife,peoplehavecometoexpectendlesssituationsaboutwhichtheyarerequiredtomakedecisionsonewayoranother.Inthemain,thesearejustirksomemomentsatworkwhichdemandsomeextraenergyorbrainpower,orduringlunchbreakslikechoosingwhichtypeofcoffeetoorderorindeedwhichcoffeeshoptogoto.Butsometimesselectingoneoptionasopposedtoanothercanhaveseriousorlifelongrepercussions.Morecomplexdecision-makingistheneitheravoided,postponed,orputintothehandsofthearmyofprofessionals,lifestylecoaches,lawyers,advisors,andthelike,waitingtolightentheemotionalburdenforafee.Butforagoodmanypeopleintheworld,inrichandpoorcountries,choiceisaluxury,notaright.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomakechoices,thewholesystemismerelyanillusion,createdbycompaniesandadvertiserswantingtoselltheirwares.Themainimpactofendlesschoiceinpeople’slivesisanxiety.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofconsumergoodsinducesasenseofpowerlessness,evenparalysis,inmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway,orjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywantedinordertosoletheproblemandreducetheunease.RecentsurveysintheUnitedKingdomhaveshownthatasizeableproportionofelectricalgoodsboughtperhouseholdarenotreallyneeded.Theadvertisersandtheshareholdersofthemanufacturersare,nonetheless,satisfied.Itisnotjusttheiravailabilitythatistheproblem,butthespeedwithwhichnewversionsofproductscomeonthemarket.Advancesindesignandproductionmeanthatnewitemsarealmostreadybythetimethatgoodshittheshelves.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespansothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.Theclassicexampleiscomputers,whicharealmostobsoleteoncetheyarebought.Atfirst,therewereonlyoneortwoavailablefromalimitednumberofmanufacturers,butnowtherearemanycompaniesallwithnotonlytheirownproductsbutdifferentversionsofthesamemachine.Thismakesselectionaproblem.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwitheaseintoashopandbuyonething;nochoice,noanxiety.Theplethoraofchoiceisnotlimitedtoconsumeritems.Withthegreatermobilityofpeoplearoundtheworld,peoplehavemorechoiceaboutwheretheywanttoliveandwork-afairlyrecentphenomenon.Inthepast,nationsmigratedacrosshugeswathesoftheearthinsearchoffood,adventure,andmorehospitableenvironment.Wholenationscrossedcontinentsandchangedthefaceofhistory.Sothemobilityofpeopleisnothingnew.Thecreationofnationstatesandborderseffectivelyslowedthisprocessdown.Butwhatisdifferentnowisthespeedatwhichmigrationishappening.1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthedecisiontoshopinacertainsupermarketandthedecisiontodropoutofcollegeaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Theformerisarightwhilethelatterisnot.B.Thelatterhasmoreimpactonlife.C.Theformermayhappenformanytimesinlife.D.Thelatterrequiresafee.2.Whenpeoplecannoteasilydecidewhattobuy,whatistheleastpossiblechoice?A.Giveup.B.Walkaway.C.Buyanunsuitableitem.D.Seekadvice.3.Whydoproductshaveshortlifespannowadays?A.Theyaremoreoftenreplacedwithbetterones.B.Theyhaveworsequality.C.Theyhavetoomanyversions.D.Computertechnologyadvancestoofast.4.Howdoesmigrationdifferfromthepast?A.Peoplenowmigrateacrossthewholeearth.B.Peoplenowmigrateforbetterlife.C.Peoplenowhavemorechoiceaboutwheretomigrate.D.Peoplenowmigrateforbetterenvironment.5.Whichisthebestsummaryofthewriter’sattitudetowardschoiceinacommercialsociety?A.Morechoice,moreanxiety.B.Bettermorechoicethannochoice.C.Betternochoicethanmorechoice.D.Allchoiceisnoteasy.TheStateofMarriageTodayIstheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetoday?Duringthepast50years,therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded:almost50%ofmarriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse.Ifthistrendcontinues,itwillleadtothebreakupofthefamily,accordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation.Somefuturistspredictthatin100years,theaverageAmericanwillmarryatleastfourtimes,andextramaritalaffairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyarenow.Butwhatarethereasonsforthis,andisthepicturereallysogloomy?Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple:marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas.Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyearspartlyoneconomicneed.Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbandsastheyusuallydidn’thavejobsoutsidethehome.Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell-payingjobs,thisisnolongerthecase,sotheydon’tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage.Inanswertothesecondquestion,theoutlookmaynotbeaspessimisticasitseems.Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisen,therateofcouplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuch,somarriageisstillquitepopular.Inadditiontothis,manycouplesnowcohabitanddon’tbothertomarry.Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarried,buttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics.Infact,morethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive.Thestatisticsaredeceptivebecausethereisahighernumberofdivorcesinsecondandthirdmarriagesthaninfirstmarriage.Soismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitution?Thefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriageindicatesthatitisn’t.Anditisalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople:Theysufferlessfromstressanditsconsequences,suchasheartproblems,andmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts.Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships.1.WhichistrueabouttheproblemofmarriageintheUnitedStatestoday?A.Divorceleadstothebreakupofthefamily.B.Halfofthemarriedcouplesgetdivorced.C.Americanpeoplemarrymorethanfourtimes.D.Moreandmorepeoplearegettingdivorced.2.Whatdoes“thisisnolongerthecase”inparagraphtwomean?A.Itisnotnecessarytogetmarriedanymore.B.Womendonotneedahusbandanylonger.C.Womenarenoteconomicallydependantanymore.D.Manywivesdowell-payingjobsoutsidehomenow.3.Whymaytheoutlookofmarriagenotbeasgloomyasitappears?A.Manypeoplestillliketogetmarried.B.Therateofdivorcehasactuallydecreased.C.Over50%ofthemarriagescontinuetoexist.D.Thestatisticsofdivorceisnotquitetrue.4.Howdopeopleusuallyfeelintheirmarriagelife?A.Theyaremuchhealthier.B.Theyfeelnolongersingle.C.Theyaremoresatisfied.D.Theysufferalotless.5.WhichofthefollowingaboutmarriageisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.Therewillbemorerelationshipsoutsidemarriage.B.Manypeopletrytogetmarriedagainafterdivorce.C.Marriagehaslongbeenpartlyaneconomicalneed.D.Itisafactthatmostpeoplechoosetogetmarried.第六部分完型填空LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYearsAhundredyearsago,lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;intheearly21stcentury,menintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74,womentoabout80.,andthese_1_arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought_2_thesechanges?Whenwelookatthelife_3_ofpeople100yearsago,weneedtolookatthegreatest_4_ofthetime.Intheearly20thcentury,theseweretheacuteandoften_5_infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothers,andtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk.Inthe_6_worldthesediseasesarefar_7_today,andinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberof_8_haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygiene,thediscoveryanduseofantibiotics,which_9_bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerous,andvaccinations_10_commondiseases._11_,people’sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:cleanerair,bettermeansofpreservingfood,betterandwarmerhousing,andbetterunderstandingofnutrition.Genetically,weshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but_12_peopledolivelongertoday,therearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnesses,suchasheartdiseaseandstrokes,andthose_13_byviruses,suchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcourse,cancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect_14_people,butthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity_15_moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages.Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas“lifestylediseases”,whichmeansthatitmaybypossibletohalttheirprogress.1.A)agesB)yearsC)livesD)countries2.A)inB)aboutC)toD)with3.A)lengthB)timeC)durationD)span4.A)peopleB)killersC)inventionD)nation5.A)moreB)lessC)highD)highly6.A)developedB)lessdevelopedC)undevelopedD)developing7.A)moredeadlyB)deadlyC)lessdeadlyD)fatal8.A)improvementsB)factorsC)jobsD)measures9.A)makesB)causesC)makeD)cause10.A)againstB)forC)toD)from11.A)AndB)ThereforeC)InadditionD)Nevertheless12.A)whenB)yetC)howeverD)while13.A)spreadB)affectedC)producedD)created14.A)poorB)weakC)olderD)young15.A)andB)leadingtoC)fromD)withSportorSpectacle?MuhammadAliisprobablythemostfamoussportsfigureonearth:heisrecognizedoneverycontinentandbyallgenerations.Thediagnosisofhisillness_1_Parkinson’sdiseaseafterhisretirementfuelledthedebateaboutthedangersofboxingandcriticism_2_thesport.That,plushisoutspokenopposition_3_women’sboxing,madepeoplewonderhowhewouldreactwhenoneofhisdaughtersdecidedtotake_4_thesport.HispresenceatLaila’sfirstprofessionalfight,_5_,seemedtobroadcastherfather’ssport.OfcourseMuhammadAliwantedtowatchhisdaughterfight.Theringannouncerintroducedhimasthe“thegreatest”andashesatdownattheringsidethecrowedchanted.Twenty-one-year-oldLaila’sdebutfightwasahugesuccessandtherewasasmuchpublicityforthefight_6_herfather’sfightsonceattracted._7_,Laila’sopponentwasmuchweakerthanshewasandthefightlastedjust31seconds.Sincethen,Lailahaswonmostofherfightsbyknockingoutheropponent.“Sheknows_8_she’sdoing,allright,”saidonerefereeabouther.“Sheknowsaboutmovingwell.Youcanseesomeofherdad’smoves.”LailaAliwouldrathernotcompareherself_9_herfather.Shepreferstomakeherown_10_.Herfathersupportsherdecisiontoenterthesportbuthehasnotsparedherthedetailsofwhatcanhappen.Lailarealizesthatherfatherwantshertounderstandthe_11_possiblescenariotosee_12_shestillwantstogoforwardwithit.Sheknowssheisgoingtogethithardattimes,thatshemaygetabrokennoseoraswollenface,butatleastsheispreparedforit.Laila’sdecisiontostarboxing_13_herfather’sstrugglewiththesymptomsofParkinson’sdiseasehasofcoursesparkedamixtureofdebateand_14_.ButLailaisafeistyanddeterminedindividualanditisthatasmuchasherfamouslastnamethathasmadeheramagnetforworldwidemediaattention.Ofcourse,the_15_ontheboxingsceneofawomanwithherfamilyhistoryattractsevenmorequestionsaboutwhetherwomen’sboxingissportorspectacle.1.A)withB)forC)asD)by2.A)ofB)onC)forD)at3.A)onB)toC)withD)at4.A)afterB)overC)alongD)up5.A)thereforeB)howeverC)accordinglyD)whereas6.A)asB)likeC)forD)to7.A)luckilyB)SimilarlyC)UndoubtedlyD)unfortunately8.A)thatB)whatC)howD)why9.A)asB)likeC)toD)against10.A)fightB)nameC)successD)image11.A)betterB)bestC)worseD)worst12.A)ifB)thatC)whatD)how13.A)inspiteB)spiteC)despiteD)despiteof14.A)argumentB)criticismC)quarrelD)bickering15.A)arrivalB)birthC)departureD)attentionWhyPeopleUsePseudonymsYoucan’tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirth,butinmanycountriesyoucanchangeitlegallywhenyoureachadulthood.Ofcourse,mostpeopleneverchangetheirnames_1_theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.However,somepeopledo_2_thiscourseofaction-particularlyartists!Whatmakesanartistwanttochangetheirname?Sometimes,it’sforpurely_3_reasons,suchastheNobelPrizewinningpoetfromChile,Neftali,Reyes.Hedidn’twanthisfatherto_4_hewaswritingpoetry,sohechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman._5_othertimesthereasonmayappeareccentric;takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFernandoPessoa,_6_wroteunder75differentnames.Thereason?“WhenIuseadifferentname,Ialwayswriteinadifferentway,”heexplained.Inmostcases,_7_,thereasonisforsocial,historical,political,orculturalreasons.Herearesomeofthemost_8_.Theperson’srealnameisjust_9_longanddifficulttoremember.Let’sbehonest,MadonnaLouiseCicconeisnotas_10_torememberasjustplain“Madonna”.Andshortnamesaremucheasiertoremember:WilliamBradleybecameBradPittandEdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePele.Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing_11_.Forexample,ifanamesoundstoo“foreign”,itmaybechangedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina_12_.Sointhefilmworld,RamonEstevezadoptedthenameMartinSheen.Ormaybetheartist’srealnamedoesn’tsoundveryattractive–ChadEverettdoes_13_alotbetterthanRaymondCramton.Artistssometimes_14_thenameofsom