山东中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项训练

2013山东中考英语完形填空解题技巧与专项训练“完形填空（CLOZETEST）”是初中英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点：

1．在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占10—15％，长度一般在130—200个单词左右。2．降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。

3．针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事体，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。“完形填空”有多种形式，但它在基本设计原则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干词，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案（其中包括一个正确答案），让考生选出正确的答案；也可以给出单词首字母完形填空，或者给出字母及单词长度（由几个字母组成）；也可以不给考生提供任何线索，完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的“完形填空”。“抽词法”可以是有针对性地抽，也可以是随机地抽。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。“完形填空”要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。

完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。“完形填空”旨在测试考生的综合应用语言能力。因此，要做好“完形填空”，不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。传统的完形填空(clozetest)通常是将一篇逻辑性较强的短文，留出若干个空，然后采用"四选一"的方法，将短文补充完整。它属于客观题型。如今的完形填空题除保留传统题型的优点外，还采用了选词填空(有多余选项)或根据上下文补全对话(或短文)等主观题型。但事实证明，完形填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。限于篇幅，本文着重谈谈客观题型的解法。请看--一、目标要求完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。二、解题步骤在做完形填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步：1.通览全文，了解大意答题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完形填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置，"链条"从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达，结果往往由于"只见树木不见森林"而事倍功半。因此我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。2.综合考虑，先易后难通览全文后，认真观察选项，瞻前顾后，仔细推敲，逐项选定。经过通读全文，对短文有了整体印象。在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。3.复读检验，消除疏漏完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，加以改正，弥补疏漏。三、实例点拨请根据下面短文内容，在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。三、完形填空（共10小题，计10分）阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。Studentsworkveryhardbutmanyofthemareunhappy.Theyfeelheavypressure36theirparents.Moststudentsare37beingtoldbytheirparentstostudyhardersothattheycanhaveabrightlife.Thoughthatmaybeagoodideaforcleverstudents,38itmaybecomeheavypressureforstudentswhohavedifficultiesintheirstudies.Somestudentsjointhegroupsoftrouble-makers.Manyofthemhaveworkedveryhardatschoolbuttheyhave39intheexams,anditmakestheirparentsdisappointed.Suchstudentsfeelthatthey’re40Mostparentsareworriedabouttheirchildren,buttheydon’thelptheminanyway.Theythinkthattheyaren’tabletohelptheirchildrenandthatit’sthe41worktohelpthem.Tomakematters42,alotofparentssendtheirchildrentoeveningschoolsorweekendschools.Thoseschoolsonlyhelpstudentstopassexams.Manyschoolsusuallyhaverulesabout43,fromthestudents’hairtotheirclothesandthethingsintheirschoolbags.44,suchstrictrulesmayhurtthefeelingsofthestudents.Almost40%ofthestudentssaidthatnoonehadtaughtthemhowtogetonwithothers,howto45rightfromwrong,howtoshowlovetoothers,eventotheirparents.36.A.with B.for C.from D.to37.A.always B.sometime C.never D.hardly38.A.and B.since C.but D./39.A.succeed B.failed C.passed D.missed40.A.liked B.loved C.disliked D.remembered41.A.teacher B.teachers C.teacher’s D.teachers’42.A.better B.more C.worse D.bad43.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing44.A.Forexample B.Infact C.Afterall D.Firstofall45.A.tell B.say C.talk D.speak三、完形填空（共10小题，计10分）阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。Mylifeisalwaysfilledwithsadnessandlittlejoy.However,nomatterwhathappens,Icanalwaysfaceitbravely.Lastyear,Icouldn’tbelievethe36thatIwasallowedtoentertheonlykeyhighschoolinmyhometown.ThenIrushedtomyhomeandtoldmyparents.Butmyfatherdidn’tseemas37asIwas.Hejustkeptsmokingwithoutsayingawordandmymotherputherheaddownandcouldn’thelp38.Iknewverywellwhatmyfamilywas39.Mymumhadbeenillinbedfor2years.WelivedahardlifeandIcouldn’tcontinuemyschooling.IfeltsoupsetbutIcouldsay40tomyparents.Idecidedtohelpmyfatherwithhiswork41myfamily.Tomysurprise,thingscompletelychanged42thebeginningofthenewterm.Myheadteachercametomyfamilywithsomemoney,whichhadbeen43bymyschoolmates.Heencouragedme,“Alwayshaveadream.”Withtearsinmyeyes,Isteppedintothekeyhighschool.IhavebeenstudyinghardsinceIenteredthehighschool.WheneverImeetdifficulties,Ialways44myteacherandschoolmates.IhaveacollegedreamandImustworkhardforit,nomatter45hardlifeis.Justasagreatmansays,“Whenonedoorshuts,anotheropensinlife.”36.A.idea B.story C.news D.thought37.A.nervous B.excited C.interested D.worried38.A.crying B.laughing C.saying D.shouting39.A.about B.before C.against D.like40.A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything41.A.support B.tosupport C.supporting D.supported42.A.after B.since C.before D.on43.A.raised B.spent C.planned D.saved44.A.dreamof B.thinkof C.hearof D.talkof45.A.what B.which C.that D.how三、完形填空（共10小题，计10分）阅读下面短文，从每小题A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。“Whodidthis?”askedmyteacher.Thirtychildrentriestothink36notonlywhattheyhaddone.,butalsowhatourteachermighthavefoundout.“Whodidthis?”sheaskedagain.Sheneverbecameangry,butshewasthistime.Sheheldup37brokenglassandasked,“Whobrokethewindow?”“Oh,oh”Ithought.Iwastheone38brokethewindow.Ididnotdoitonpurpose.Itwascausedbya39throwofabaseball.Whydidithavetobeme?IfIadmittedit,Iwould40inalotoftrouble.HowwouldIbeabletopayforabigwindowlikethat?Ididn’twanttoraisemyhand,41somethingmuchstrongerthanmepulledmeup.“Ididit.ThenIwassilent.42Myteacherwenttothebookshelfandtookdownabook.Shethenbeganwalkingtomydesk.Ifearedshewasgoingtopunishme.“Iknowhowyoulikebirds,”shesaid43shestoodlookingdownatmyface.“Hereisabookaboutbirds.Itisyournow.Youwillnotbepunished.Butremember,it’sonly44yourtruthfulness.”Icouldn’tbelieveit!Iwasn’tpunishedandIwasgettingabook!The45onethatIhadbeensavingupallmymoneytobuy.36.A.back B.of C.up D.about37.A.many B.a C.apieceof D.apiece38.A.which B.what C.how D.who39.A.good B.bad C.wonderful D.soft40.A.have B.be C.get D.got41.A.but B.and C.so D.which42.A.That B.I C.It D.She43.A.when B.after C.as D.before44.A.about B.of C.with D.for45.A.very B.only C.such D.first完形填空（共10小题，计10分）阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。Inthelast500years,severalmillionpeoplehavebeenkilledbyearthquakes.Amongalltheearthquakes,the1976TangshanEarthquakeisregardedasthe36oneinthetwentiethcentury.OnJuly28,1976,aterribleearthquakeof7.8magnitude(级)37TangshanCity,HebeiProvince.Injustonesecond,thecitywithonemillionpeoplewasdestroyed.Theearthquakewas38strongthatevenBeijingandTianjinwereseriouslyaffected(受到影响).Theshockwasfeltin14provincesandcities—one-thirdofthecountry.Theearthquaketookplace39midnight.Mostpeoplecouldnottakeanyactions.Over240,000people40andabout170,000wereseriouslyinjured.Watersupplies,communicationsandtrafficwerecompletelycutoff.Thepeoplethereneeded41immediately.Buttheycouldnotwaitforhelp42.Theyformedgroupstodigforothers.Theysetupmedicalareasandte