中考英语语法基础知识复习（语法讲义+真题练习）语法基础知识复习讲义-动词的时态（学生版）

专题十一动词的时态专题十一动词的时态知识梳理知识梳理考点一：一般现在时一般现在时结构1.主语＋be动词(am/is/are)＋其他肯定句：主语+am/is/are+其他.否定句：主语+am/is/arenot+其他.一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are＋主语＋其他?2.主语＋实义动词原形/第三人称单数＋其他肯定句：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数+其他.否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形+其他.一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他?时间标志词1.表示频率的副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardlyever,never等2.onMonday,onSaturdayevening,inthemorning,everyday,everyweek等短语3.onceaweek,twiceamonth,threetimesayear等表示频率的短语用法及例句1.表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.2.表示客观真理、科学事实或名言警句Theearthgoesaroundthesun.3.“主将从现”原则：用在时间和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时I’llhaveagoodtimeifIgototheparty.IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinLondon.4.在某些以here,there开头的句子中，一般现在时表示正在发生的动作Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.动词第三人称单数变化规则1.一般情况，直接在词尾加swim-leave-2.以-s,-x,-sh,-ch,-o结尾的，在词尾加pass-go-3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，study-carry-4.特殊情况have-基础练习基础练习一、按要求改写句子1.Thegirlisastudent.(改为否定句)Thegirl____________astudent.2.TheyareAmericans.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)—________________________Americans?—____________,________________________.3.Jimridesabiketoschooleveryday.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)—____________Jim____________abiketoschooleveryday?—____________,________________________.4.He’sabusdriver.(对画线部分提问)

________________________he?二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Ifit__________(notrain)tomorrow,wewillgotocollectwastewaterforrecycling.2.Everything__________(be)halfpriceinthesupermarkettoday.3.Lindaalways__________(have)somebreadforbreakfast.考点二：一般过去时一般过去时结构1.主语＋be动词(was/were)＋其他肯定句：主语+was/were+其他.否定句：主语+was/werenot+其他.一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋其他?2.主语＋实义动词过去式＋其他肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他.否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他?时间标志词yesterday,lastweek,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago,in1990,justnow,attheageof...等用法及例句1.表示过去发生的或过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态Hevisitedhisgrandparentslastweek.2.有些句子中没有明确表示过去的时间状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，应当用一般过去时Oh,no!Ileftmybookinthelab.动词过去式变化规则1.一般情况，直接在词尾加plant-play-2.以不发音-e字母结尾的，在词尾加dance-live-3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，study-carry-4.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母（“辅元辅”），stop-plan-基础练习基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thekite__________(fly)uptothesky.Thechildrenweresohappy.2.I__________(miss)thefirstbusthismorning.3.Nora__________(stick)somedryflowersontothegiftboxandgaveittoherfriend.4.They__________(help)usalotwhenwewereinBeijing.5.MycousinAndrewwantedtolearnmoreaboutDIY,sohe__________(go)toDIYcourseslastmonth.6.Wewalkedintotherestaurantandafriendlywaiter__________(lead)ustoourtable.7.Mybrotherusuallydoeshishomeworkintheevening,buthe__________(notdo)hishomeworklastnight.考点三：一般将来时一般将来时结构1.主语＋will（shall用于第一人称）＋动词原形＋其他（will没有人称和数的变化）肯定句：主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他.否定句：主语+will/shallnot+动词原形+其他.一般疑问句：Will/Shall＋主语＋其他?2.主语＋begoingto＋动词原形＋其他（be动词的形式要跟主语保持一致）肯定句：主语+is/am/aregoingto+动原+其他.否定句：主语+is/am/arenotgoingto+动原+其他.一般疑问句：Is/Am/Are+主语+goingto+动原+其他?【特别提醒】Therebe句型的一般将来时句式结构为“Therewillbe...”或“Thereis/aregoingtobe...”如：Therewillbeafootballmatchnextweek.时间标志词tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextmonth,soon,inthefuture,in10minutes（in+时间段，表示“在多久以后”）等用法及例句1.表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作，其结构常用“will+动词原形”TheywillgotoBeijingnextweek.2.表示计划/打算，或有迹象表明要发生某事，其结构常用“begoingto+动词原形”Lookatthedarkclouds.Thereisgoingtobeastorm.3.表示位移的动词如go,come,move等，用现在进行时表示短时间内将要发生的动作Thetrainiscoming.4.“主将从现”原则：在以if,assoonas,unless等引导的时间或条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时Iwillgototheparkifitdoesn’traintomorrow.基础练习基础练习一、按要求改写句子1.TheSmithsaregoingtobuyahousenearthesea.(改为否定句)TheSmiths________________________tobuyahousenearthesea.2.Theywillfinishtheirhomeworkintwohours.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)—____________they____________theirhomeworkintwohours?—____________,________________________.二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.MrGreen__________(visit)theSummerPalacenextFriday.2.Herfather__________(buy)heranicepresentonhernextbirthday.3.I’mwaitingatthestop.I__________(take)abustomyuncle’sfarm.4.Agroupofantsarebusymoving.It__________(rain).5.Ourschool__________(have)asportsmeetingnextweek.考点四：现在进行时现在进行时结构主语＋be动词（am/is/are）＋动词-ing形式肯定句：主语+is/am/are+doing+其他.否定句：主语+is/am/arenot+doing+其他.一般疑问句：Is/Am/Are+主语+doing＋其他?时间标志词now,thesedays,Look!,Listen!,rightnow,Canyouhear...等，有的则是通过上下文语境暗示某动作正在进行用法及例句1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在进行或发生的动作HeiswatchingTVnow.2.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态Weareworkingonafarmthesedays.【注意】有些动词如表示感觉的感官动词（see,hear,notice等）和表示态度、情感、心理状态的词（like,want,hope,know,agree,believe等）没有进行时如：Doyouhearthenoiseoftheplane?动词现在分词变化规则1.一般情况，直接在词尾加play-read-2.以不发音-e字母结尾的，live-write-3.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母（“辅元辅”），put-sit-4.以ie结尾，die-lie-基础练习基础练习一、按要求改写句子1.JackiswatchingTV.(改为否定句)Jack____________watchingTV.2.Theyaredoingtheirhomeworkintheclassroom.(对画线部分提问)

____________arethey____________intheclassroom?二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Look!Somestudents__________(plant)treesonthehill.2.Look!Sheis__________(talk)withaRussianaboutthepaintinginthemuseum.3.—What’syourmotherdoing?—She’s__________(make)soupinthekitchen.4.Listen!There__________(seem)tobeaghostsingingnotfarfromthewall.5.Look!Thestudents__________(answer)thequestionscarefully.考点五：过去进行时过去进行时结构主语＋be动词（was/were）＋动词-ing形式肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其他.否定句：主语+was/werenot+doing+其他.一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+doing＋其他?时间标志词atthisthistimeyesterday,atthattime,ateightlastnight,以及when,while引导的时间状语从句，还有的则是通过上下文语境暗示某个动作在过去的某个时刻正在进行用法及例句1.表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作Whatwereyoudoingateightlastnight?2.用在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中Whatwashedoingwhentherainstormcame?WhatwasJennydoingwhileMarywasreading?【注意】1.以when引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作用时，主句用时。（表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行）2.以while引导的时间状语从句中，主从句的动作都用时。（从句与主句的动作在过去的某一时刻同时进行）基础练习基础练习一、按要求改写句子1.Hewaslisteningtomusicatthattime.(改为否定句)He________________________tomusicatthattime.2.Theywereridingbikestoschoolatseveno’clockyesterday.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)—________________________ridingbikestoschoolatseveno’clockyesterday?—____________,________________________.二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.TheSmiths__________(watch)thefilmfromseveno’clocktonineo’clocklastnight.2.MrsGreen__________(cook)breakfastatthetime.3.SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenI__________(watch)TV.4.I__________(wash)thedisheswhilemysisterwassweepingthefloor.考点六：现在完成时现在完成时结构主语＋have/has＋动词的过去分词肯定句：主语+have/has+done+其他.否定句：主语+have/hasnot+done+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done＋其他?时间标志词already,yet,just,ever,before,sofar,sincethen,inthepast/last...,“since+时间点/从句（一般过去时）”,“for+时间段”等用法及例句1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作，对现在造成的影响或结果—Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?—Yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.（我现在不饿了。）2.表示发生在过去的动作，延续到现在，并可能继续进行下去，常与表示一段时间的状语连用（for＋时间段或since＋时间点/从句）I’vebeenatthisschoolforovertwoyears.Howlonghaveyouworkedinthisfactory?【注意】在现在完成时中，如果要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，要将短暂性动词转化为延续性动词。常见短暂性动词及与之对应的延续性动词：become→beborrow/lend→keepbuy→havedie→bedeadleave→beawaycome/arrive→beinbegin→beonmarry→bemarried特殊用法havebeento+地点，表示“”（去了，已经回来了）TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.havegoneto+地点，表示“”（去了，还未回来）TheyhavegonetoBeijing.havebeenin+地点，表示“在某地待了多久”TheyhavebeeninBeijingfor10years.基础练习基础练习一、根据汉语意思完成句子1.史密斯老师教英语十年了。MrsSmith________________________Englishfortenyears.2.他们在上海已经待十天了。They____________________________________Shanghaifortendays.3.大明去过唐山三次了。Daming____________________________________Tangshanthreetimes.4.他们去伦敦了,三天后回来。They____________________________________Londonandtheywillcomebackinthreedays.二、按要求改写句子1.Hehasseenthefilm.(改为否定句)He________________________seenthefilm.2.Jackhasboughtthreekilogramsofapples.(对画线部分提问)

Howmanyapples____________Jack____________?三、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Myhometown__________(change)allthetime.Peoplearemuchhappierthanbefore.2.TheMonkeyKinghas__________(excite)thechildrenofChinaformanyyears.3.China__________(win)lotsofhighpraisessinceweturnedthesandintoforests.4.Sandyborrowedthenovelfromthelibrarylastweekand__________(keep)itfor5days.5.Theheavywork__________(influence)hishealthinthepastthreeyears,sohelooksmucholder.6.Mygrandparents__________(marry)forover30yearsandtheyloveeachotherverymuch.7.Betty__________(work)hardsincelastterm.That’swhyherexamresultsaresogood!8.I__________(read)theEnglishnovelfornearlyamonth,butitwilltakemeanotherweektofinishit.真题演练真题演练一、单项选择（要求：有时间标志词的勾画出时间标志词）1.（2023·辽宁沈阳）Afterthisexam,you________awonderfulholidaynextmonth.Takeiteasy!A．have B．havehad C．had D．willhave2.（2023·辽宁营口）—Lingling,howsoonwillyourbrothercomebackfromabroad?—Hmm,________.A．sinceyesterday B．twiceamonth C．foranhour D．inaweek3.（2023·辽宁营口）Tim________TouchingChinaonCCTVwithhisfamilyfrom8:00to9:00lastSaturdayevening.A．waswatching B．willwatch C．watched D．haswatched4.（2023·湖北鄂州）—WhatdoyouthinkofEzhou,LiMing?—It________alotsincewestartedtobuildHuahuAirport.A．changed B．haschanged C．changes D．ischanging5.（2023·湖北孝感）—Whatdoyouthinkofthenovel,JourneytotheWest?—It’ssoexcitingthatI________itforthreetimes.A．read B．willread C．haveread D．wasreading6.（2023·黑龙江绥化）Idon’tknowifit________sunnytomorrow.Ifit________sunny,Iwillgofishing.A．willbe;is B．is;willbe C．willbe;isgoingtobe7.（2023·广西）YesterdayI________basketballwithmyclassmates.Wehadagoodtime.A．willplay B．play C．played8.（2023·湖南株洲）Whenmyfriendcalledmeyesterday,I________mymominthekitchen.A．helped B．ishelping C．washelping9.（2023·四川乐山）—Mum,whereisTony?—He________towatchafootballmatch.Hewillbebacklater.A．hasgone B．went