湖南新高考教学教研联盟2024届高三下学期第一次联考英语试题（含答案）

湖南新高考教学教研联盟2024届高三下学期第一次联考（一模）英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。LonelyPlanet'sTopPlacestoGoin2024Areyoulookingforinspirationforyournexttraveldestination?LonelyPlanethaspublisheditsyearlylistoftopplacestogo.Whetheryou'relookingforadventure,culture,orvalue,there'ssomethingforeverytypeoftraveler.Let'sexplorethe.toppicksfortraveldestinationsin2024.TopCity:NairobiNairobi,theKenyancapital,waschosenforitsuniquemusicanddanceculture,andimpressivelocalrestaurants.NairobiNationalPark,justashortdriveoutofthecity'scentralbusinessdistrict,isamust-see,wherevisitorscanseeover-400specieswanderingtheopengrassplainswhileskyscraperstwinkleonthehorizon.TopCountry:MongoliaMongoliaislovedforitswide-openspaces,adventureactivities,anduniquefood.TheMongoliangovernmenthasannounced2023through.2025:as:the"YearstoVisitMongolia",easingentryconditionsforinternationaltravelersandimprovingpublicfacilities,includinganew$650millionairport.TopSustainableTravelDestination:SpainThepublisheralsorecommendedSpainforthecountry'seffortstoexpandrenewableenergy,todevelopoff-seasontravel,andtobringtourismtonewdestinations,suchastheportcityofValencia,easingpressuresonhotspotssuchasBarcelona.TopBest-ValueLocation:TheAmericanMidwestTheAmericanMidwest,includingthecitiesofChicagoandDetroit,isalsoonthelist,asitoffersahigh-qualitytravelexperienceatareasonablecost.Visitorscanenjoyexcellentservicesandfacilities.suchasoldwarehousestransformedintoartstudios,neweco-designhotels,andMichelin-starredrestaurants,withouthavingtospendtoomuchmoney.TopBeachDestination:DonegalDonegalIreland'smostnorthwesterncounty,hasthecountry'slongestcoastlineandover100beaches,wherevisitorscanenjoythehighestseacliffsinEuropeandmilesofbeautifulcoastalhikingtrails.1．WhatcanpeopledoinNairobiNationalPark?A．Enjoyadventureactivities. B．Tastelocaldeliciouscuisine.C．Seevariouswildanimals. D．Appreciatemusicalperformances.2．WhyisTheAmericanMidwestconsideredtobetheBest-ValueLocation?A．Ithassimplifiedentryprocedures.B．Itofferscost-effectiveexperiences.C．Itcombinesartwithnaturalscenery.D．Itprovidesgoodtransportationservices.3．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Toentertain. B．Toanalyse.C．Toinform. D．Toreport.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。OnDecember16,2023,thefirstsectionofMayaTrainofficiallyopened,whichrunsbetweenCampecheandCancún,carryingupto231passengersacross290milesandstoppingat14trainstations.BuiltasanambitiousefforttopromotetourismandboostMexico'seconomy,therailsystemconnectsthemajorcitiesandtouristregionsoftheYucatánPeninsula-fromCancún'sbeachestoTulum'sarchaeological(考古的)wonders.Oncetheprojectiscompleted,theentirerailsystemwilllinktouristdestinationsacrossfivestates.However,environmentalistsandarchaeologistsarguethatthetrainroutewillcausegreatdamagetotheenvironmentandancientMayansites.TheMayaTrainpassesthroughsixUNESCOWorldHeritagesites,andthousandsofarchaeologicalsites.OneparticularareaofconcernistheCalakmulbiospherereserve,whichishometomanyendangeredspecies,suchasjaguarsandover500otheranimalspecies.Thetrainlines,morethan60meterswide,couldactasartificialbarriersthatmaylimitthemovementoftheseanimalswithinthereserve,makingitdifficultforthemtomovearoundandaccessfoodandwatersources.Opponentsalsoexpresssafetyconcerns.Certainsectionsoftherailsystemwillbebuiltrightontopoftheaquifer's(地下水层的)mostfragilepointsofcontactwiththesurface."It'slikewantingtobuildovereggshells,saysGuillermoChristy,awatertreatmentconsultant."Puttingtrainsweighingthousandsoftonsontopcouldcausetheundergroundcavestocrashdown.Toconstructthetraininfrastructure(基础设施)alsorequiresdrivinglongpilesdeepintotheground,whichposesabigthreattothisfragileecosystemandleadstowatershortages.IntheongoingdebateofMayaTrain,itiscrucialtoconsiderthedelicatebalancebetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalpreservation.WhileMayaTrainmayprovideeconomicbenefits,wemustnotoverlookthepotentialenvironmentalandculturallosses,aswellasthesafetyrisksitmaybring.Achievingharmonybetweenprogressandconservationmaybeasignificantchallengefortheproject,butwemusttakeintoaccountthelong-termconsequencesofouractions.4．WhatdoweknowabouttheMayaTrainproject?A．ItconsumeslotsoflaborinMexico.B．ItwascompletedonDecember16,2023.C．Ithasconcernedsomeprofessionals.D．Itblocksthedevelopmentoflocaltourism.5．Whatistheeffectofthetrainlinesontheanimalsinthereserve?A．Theydisturbtheirsleepingpatterns.B．Theyrestricttheiractivities.C．Theypollutetheirwatersources.D．Theyengagetheirenemiestothearea.6．Whydoestheauthormention"eggshells"inparagraph4?A．Toshowthedifficultyofconstructingtheraillines.B．Toprovetheurgencyofprotectingthefragileecosystem.C．Toexplainthereasonsforwatershortagesalongtherailway.D．TostressthepotentialharmofMayaTraintotheaquifersystem.7．Whichstatementwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Preservingculturalsitesrequiresstrongfinancialsupport.B．ItistimetospeeduptheconstructionprocessofMayaTrain.C．Economicdevelopmentshouldnotcomeattheexpenseoftheenvironment.D．Weshouldprizetheeconomicbenefitsoftheprojectinthelongrun.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。GeologistshavelongbeenfascinatedbyamissingpieceofEarth'shistory—alostcontinentcalledArgoland.Around155millionyearsago,the5,000-kilometercontinentbrokeofffromWesternAustraliaandbegandrifting(漂移),leavingbehindabasindeepbelowtheoceanknownastheArgoAbyssalPlain.ButwheredidArgolandactuallygo?TheseabedstructuresuggeststhatthecontinentdriftednorthwestwardandendedupSoutheastAsia.Butsurprisingly,thereisnolargecontinenthiddenbeneaththoseislands,onlysmallcontinentalfragments(碎片)surroundedbyancientoceanicbasins.Usingthistheory,geologistsatUtrechtUniversitydiscoveredthatArgolandhadn'treallydisappearedbutsurvivedasa"veryextendedandfragmentedcollection"undertheislandstotheeastofIndonesia.UnlikeothercontinentslikeAfricaandSouthAmerica,whichbrokeneatlyintotwopieces,Argolandsplitintomanysmallerfragmentsthatweredispersed,whichmadeitdifficultforscientiststolocateandstudythecontinent'sgeologicalfeatures.However,withadvancedtechnologyandthediscovery,scientistscannowpiecethemtogether.Tracingthecontinentsisvitalforunderstandingprocessesliketheevolutionofbiodiversity.ItcouldhelpexplainsomethingknownasthemysteriousWallaceline,whichisanimaginaryboundarythatseparatesmammals,birds,andevenearlyhumanspeciesinSoutheastAsianislands.Theboundaryhaspuzzledscientistsbecauseofhowclearlyitseparatestheisland'swildlife.Tothewestofthelineareplacentalmammalslikeapesandelephants.Butthesearealmostcompletelyabsenttotheeast,whereyoucanfindmarsupialsandcockatoos—animalstypicallyassociatedwithAustralia.ResearchershavetheorizedthatthismaybebecauseArgolandcarrieditsownwildlifeawayfromAustraliabeforeitcrashedintoSoutheastAsia,whichhelpsexplainwhydifferentspeciesarefoundindifferentnations.ThestoryofArgolandisnotoneofcompletedisappearancebutoftransformation.Astheworldcontinuestoevolve,thislostcontinentservesasapowerfulsymbolofthefragilityoflifeonthisplanet,andareminderoftheimportanceofrespectingandprotectingtheworldthatwelivein.8．WhatdoweknowaboutArgoland?A．Itsplitintotwopiecesmanyyearsago.B．ItbrokeawayfromthecontinentofAfrica.C．ItsanktothebottomoftheArgoAbyssalPlain.D．ItexistsasfragmentsundertheeasternislandsofIndonesia.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dispersed"inparagraph3probablymean?A．Crashed. B．Connected. C．Distributed. D．Disappeared.10．Whydoestheauthormentionthe"Wallaceline"inparagraph4?A．TointroducetheearlyhistoryofArgoland.B．TostressthesignificanceoftracingArgoland.C．ToprovethebiodiversityofSoutheastAsianislands.D．ToexplaintheevolutionaryprocessofAustralianspecies.11．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheDiscoveryofaLostContinentB．TheBoundariesofWildlifeHabitatsC．TheGeologicalFeaturesofArgolandD．TheFormationoftheArgoAbyssalPlain阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Alotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸钠)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn'tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.AteamofChinesescientistsaimedtodealwiththisenvironmentalconcernbydevelopinganeco-consciousalternative.InastudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalScienceAdvances,ateamattheChineseAcademyofSciences'InstituteofProcessEngineeringdescribehowtheyengineeredbiodegradableglassmadefromaminoacids(氨基酸).Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.Inatest,glassbeads(珠)madeoutofaminoacidswereplacedundertheskinofmice,andthebreakdownofthebeadsandtheskinhealingprocesswereobservedfor30days.Adiagramfromthestudyshowshowthemice'sbodiesbrokedownthebeads.Inthatmonth,theglassimplantdegradedbeneaththeskin,thewoundsitehealed,andfurgrewback."Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypain-relatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss,"theresearcherswroteintheirpaper.Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.Inordertoovercomethishurdle,theresearcherschemicallymodifiedtheaminoacidsusingtheheating-coolingprocedureappliedinglassmanufacturing.Thisiswhenmaterialsfortheglassareheatedtobecomesoftandthenrapidlycooledsoastomaketheglasstougher."It'simportanttopointoutthatthisbiodegradableglassiscurrentlyinthelabstage,andfarfromlarge-scalecommercialization,"emphasizedYanXuehai,aprofessorinvolvedinthestudy,inapressrelease.12．Whatisanadvantageofthenewglass?A．Itcanberecycledatalowcost.B．Itisproducedwithoutpollution.C．Ittakeslesstimeto.breakdown.D．Ithasawiderangeofapplications.13．Whydidresearchersimplantglassbeadsinsidemice?A．Toassesswhethertheglassisbiologicallyharmless.B．Toinvestigatewhyaminoacidsaremedicallyuseful.C．Toexplorehowlongittakesfortheglasstodegrade.D．Toobserveiftheglasscanbemeltdowninmice'sstomach.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hurdle"inparagraph4referto?A．Theinstabilityofaminoacids.B．Thedifficultyofselectingmaterialsfortheglass.C．Environmentalproblemscausedbytraditionalglass.D．Thechallengeofimprovingtheheating-coolingprocedure.15．WhatistheattitudeofYanXuehaitowardsthenewglass'slaunchonthemarket?A．Optimistic. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Uncertain.二、第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouhaveeverlookedcloselyatthetiresonyourcar,youhaveprobablyseenlittlehairsstickingoutoftheblackrubber.16．Aretheythereforanysafetyreasons?Thoselittlebitsareoneofthestrangecarfeaturessomepeoplemaystoptothinkabout.Locatedontheverticalpartofthetire,thesecuriouslittlerubberhairsareknownas"ventspews(轮胎毛刺)".Theyarecrucialinthetire-makingprocess.Asthetreadpatternmold(胎面花纹模具)ispressedintothetire'srubber,theextrarubberrequiresawaytoescapethemold.17．Curiously,there'snosetnumberofhairseachtirewillhave.18．Butthepresenceoftirehairsisuniversal.Theyarenothingmorethanremnants(残余部分)ofthecomplexprocessthatmakesstronganddurabletires.19．Becausetheyarefoundonthepartofthetirerubberthatdoesn'thittheroad,andtheyhavenoimpactonhowwellyourtiregrips(抓牢)thepavementinrainyweather.Theserubberhairsalsodon'thaveanyimpactonroadnoiseorwhyyourtiressqueakwhenyou'redriving.Theyaremerelyevidenceofthenewtire'sarrivalintheworld.Tirehairsarenaturallywornawayduringnormaldriving,andthepresenceorabsenceofthesehairsdoesn'tdetermineifatireissafe.Thereisoneinstance,however,wherethelackoftirehairscanmatter.20．Asaresponsiblecarowner,youshouldmonitorthehealthofyourtiresregularly.A.Whydotireshavehairs?B.Tirehairsdon'thaveanyeffectonsafedriving.C.Arethereanyotherinterestingfactsaboutcars?D.Theylookfunny,yeteverynewcartirehasthem.E.Itcouldbeasignthattiresareworn,oldandneedtobereplaced.F.Theexactnumbervariesbasedonthedesignandsizeofthetires.G.Becausetiny-sizeescapeventsarecreatedthroughouteachmold,littletirehairsareborn.三、语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Onesunnyafternoon,JackandIrodehardtowardshishouse.Thesunshone21．onJack'sblackbicycle.Youwouldneverseehisbikewith22．onit.AsIbentover,ItookaglimpseofJack'sshiningschool23．.Jackwasalwaysneatandtidy,buthisclotheswereoldand24．.Ioften25．ifheownedanythingelse.Weturnedintoastreetlinedwithsmall,oldrailwayhouses.Jackopenedagateandwewentthroughit.Igotoffmybikeand26．itagainstthegaragewall.Itwasasmall,whitewashedhouse.Thetinyareaoflawnwasneatly27．.Wewentinbythebackdoor.Thekitchenhadacupboard,asmalldiningtablewiththreechairsandanancientcooker.Everythingwas28．clean.InJack'sroom,ithadabed,aone-doorcloset,andatable.Severalbookswere29．againstthewallononecornerofthetable,andontheothercorner30．amodelsteamengine.Jackdemonstratedtomehowtheengine31．.IlookedatJack'sfaceandabroadsmilespreadoverit.Feelingashamed,IreflectedthatIgrewupina32．wealthyhome.Myclosetwas33．withnewandfashionableclothes.Ihadastate-of-the-artten-speedracingbike.34．,IoftendidnotappreciatewhatIhad.Itookitallforgranted.Bycontrast,Jackhadalmostnothing,buthewashappyand35．.Thankyou,Jack,forunknowinglyteachingmethevalueofbeingsatisfiedwithwhatI'vegot.21．A．briefly B．regularly C．slowly D．brightly22．A．dirt B．decorations C．passengers D．damage23．A．coat B．tie C．shoes D．hat24．A．generous B．clean C．worn D．ugly25．A．meant B．wondered C．argued D．knew26．A．protected B．accepted C．rested D．covered27．A．drawn B．crossed C．waved D．shaped28．A．nearly B．spotlessly C．naturally D．severely29．A．spread B．stored C．placed D．hidden30．A．lied B．stood C．set D．put31．A．rose B．admitted C．flamed D．worked32．A．relatively B．humblyC．traditionally D．respectively33．A．stuffed B．engaged C．equipped D．surrounded34．A．Therefore B．NeverthelessC．Otherwise D．Subsequently35．A．energetic B．modest C．curious D．content四、第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It'saraceagainsttime,asgenerationsofculturalheritageconservatorsattheDunhuangAcademymakeagreatefforttoprotecttheartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,36．UNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Theteam37．(devote)toprotectingthe45,000squaremetersofmurals(壁画)andmorethan2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite,theconstructionof38．takesaboutathousandyears,fromthe4thcenturytothe14thcentury.Theculturalrelicsaretheproductoftheculturalexchangesthattookplaceover39．(century)ontheancientSilkRoad.Commonly40．(see)"diseases"affectingthemuralsincludecrackingandflaking,aswellaserosionthatiscausedbychangesintemperatureandhumidityofthecaves,andthedepositionofsalts.Torestoreamuralrequiresanall-rounder.Restorersshouldknowpainting,mastertheskillsofamason(石匠)andhavesomeknowledgeofchemistryandphysics,41．(be)abletorecognizetheproblemsandtheir42．(correspond)causesanddeliverasolution.Theymustalsoselectpropermaterialsandtools,andconductexperiments,43．formallycarryingouttherestorationandevaluatingtheeffectafterward.Therestorationshouldrespecttheoriginalworkandaimtomaintainthestatusquoofthemuralsratherthanrepaintingthem.Whentherestorersfindsomepartsofmuralsmissing44．fadingaway,theyneverrepaintthemtocreatea"perfect"45．(appear)inrestoration.五、写作(共两节，满分40分)46．第一节假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Lucy的生日即将到来，你特意给她寄了一些具有中国特色的礼物。请你给她写一封邮件，内容包括：1.你的祝福；2.简要介绍你的礼物；3.表达期望。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3,请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearLucy,Yours,LiHua47．第二节阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Asthesundippedbelowthehorizon,castingawarmglowovertheanimalshelter,Sarahwalkedthroughtherowsofcagesuntilhereyeslandedonasmall,tremblingdoghuddled(蜷缩)inthecorner."IthinkI'vefoundtheone,"Sarahwhisperedsoftlytoherselfasshelookedintothedog'ssadeyes.Thistimid,abandoneddoghadnoideathatajourneyoftransformationwithfriendlypeoplelayinstoreforhim.Theshelterstaffexplainedthatthedog,namedBuddy,hadadifficultpastandwasveryshyandscared.Sarahextendedahand,offeringasoothingtone,"Heysweetie,youmusthaveastorytotell,butfromnowon,you'vegotabuddyinme."BringingBuddyhomewasjustthebeginningoftheirjourney,whichwasrockyatfirstforhim.Everythingwasstrangeandnew,causinghimtohideunderfurnitureandstartleateverysound.Therefore,Sarahprovidedacozybed,deliciousmeals,andmostimportantly,heapsofloveandcomfort.Slowlybutsurely,hestartedtoemergefromhisshell,wagginghistailtentativelyandgazingatSarahwithaglimmerofhopeinhiseyes.UnderSarah'spatientandlovingguidance,Buddyflourished,evenlearningtricksandcommands,andformingadeepbondwithhisnewowner.Thejourneyofhealingturnedouttobeasuccess.ButSarahhadneverexpecteditwouldbringaboutanotherone.Oneday,whilescrollingthroughsocialmedia,Sarahcameacrossaheartwarmingstoryaboutdogsbeingtrainedtoassistchildrenwithautism(自闭症).Thosechildrenhadsocialcommunicationdifficultiesandhadfewfacialexpressionsandgestures.Withouthesitation,sheinquiredabouttheprogramandsoon,Buddywasenrolledintrainingtobecomeacertifiedtherapy(治疗)dog.ButshewasunsurewhetherBuddywouldbecomfortablewiththenewchallenge.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Theirfirstdayatthetherapycenterwasfilledwithuncertainty.AstheweeksprogressedSarahnoticedaremarkablechangebothinthechildrenandBuddy.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．B3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个2024年最佳旅游目的地。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做判断推理题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。1．细节理解题。根据TopCity:Nairobi部分中"NairobiNationalPark,justashortdriveoutofthecity'scentralbusinessdistrict,isamust-see,wherevisitorscanseeover-400specieswanderingtheopengrassplainswhileskyscraperstwinkleonthehorizon.(内罗毕国家公园，离城市的中央商务区只有很短的车程，是一个不容错过的地方，在那里游客可以看到400多种野生动物在开阔的草原上游荡，摩天大楼在地平线上闪闪发光)"可知，在内罗毕国家公园，人们可以看到各种不同种类的野生动物。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据TopBest-ValueLocation:TheAmericanMidwest部分中"TheAmericanMidwest,includingthecitiesofChicagoandDetroit,isalsoonthelist,asitoffersahigh-qualitytravelexperienceatareasonablecost.(包括芝加哥和底特律在内的美国中西部城市也榜上有名，因为它以合理的成本提供了高质量的旅行体验)"可知，美国中西部被认为是最有价值的地方是因为它提供了高性价比的旅行体验。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据第一段"Areyoulookingforinspirationforyournexttraveldestination?LonelyPlanethaspublisheditsyearlylistoftopplacestogo.Whetheryou'relookingforadventure,culture,orvalue,there'ssomethingforeverytypeoftraveler.Let'sexplorethe.toppicksfortraveldestinationsin2024.(你在为下一个旅游目的地寻找灵感吗?《孤独星球》日前公布了年度最佳旅游目的地榜单。无论你是在寻找冒险、文化还是价值，都有适合每种类型的旅行者的东西。让我们来探索一下。2024年旅游目的地的最佳选择)"可知，本文的主要目的是介绍了四个2024年最佳旅游目的地，也就是告知读者。故选C。【答案】4．C5．B6．D7．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是玛雅列车项目给当地带来的好处以及专家们对于这一项目给当地环境及生态将会造成的影响的担忧，并指出我们不应该以牺牲生态为代价来发展经济。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做判断推理题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段"OnDecember16,2023,thefirstsectionofMayaTrainofficiallyopened,(2023年12月16日，玛雅火车第一段正式开通)"可知，玛雅火车只有第一部分正式对公众开放，所以B项是错的，根据文章第二段"Oncetheprojectiscompleted,theentirerailsystemwilllinktouristdestinationsacrossfivestates.(一旦项目完成，整个铁路系统将连接五个州的旅游目的地)"可知，一旦项目完成将会促进旅游业的发展，所以D项不对；A项没有提及；根据文章第二段最后"However,environmentalistsandarchaeologistsarguethatthetrainroutewillcausegreatdamagetotheenvironmentandancientMayansites.(然而，环保主义者和考古学家认为，这条铁路线将对环境和古玛雅遗址造成巨大破坏)"可知，玛雅火车项目也引起了一些专业人士的关注，所以C项正确。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段"Thetrainlines,morethan60meterswide,couldactasartificialbarriersthatmaylimitthemovementoftheseanimalswithinthereserve,makingitdifficultforthemtomovearoundandaccessfoodandwatersources.(这些超过60米宽的火车线可能会作为人工屏障，限制这些动物在保护区内的活动，使它们难以四处走动，难以获得食物和水源)"可知，这些火车线会限制动物在保护区内的活动。故选B。6．推理判断题。第四段第一句"Opponentsalsoexpresssafetyconcerns.(反对者也表达了对安全的担忧)"为主旨句，所以第四段主要讲的是专家们对于安全方面的担忧，后文的"Certainsectionsoftherailsystemwillbebuiltrightontopoftheaquifer's(地下水层的)mostfragilepointsofcontactwiththesurface.(铁路系统的某些部分将建在含水层与地表接触的最脆弱点的顶部)"以及"Puttingtrainsweighingthousandsoftonsontopcouldcausetheundergroundcavestocrashdown.Toconstructthetraininfrastructure(基础设施)alsorequiresdrivinglongpilesdeepintotheground,whichposesabigthreattothisfragileecosystemandleadstowatershortages.(把数千吨重的火车放在上面可能会导致地下洞穴坍塌。建设铁路基础设施还需要将长桩深入地下，这对脆弱的生态系统构成了巨大威胁，并导致水资源短缺)"作为两个supportingevidence来支撑主旨句。由此推知，作者提到eggshells(蛋壳)是为了强调玛雅列车项目对含水层系统的潜在危害。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"WhileMayaTrainmayprovideeconomicbenefits,wemustnotoverlookthepotentialenvironmentalandculturallosses,aswellasthesafetyrisksitmaybring.Achievingharmonybetweenprogressandconservationmaybeasignificantchallengefortheproject,butwemusttakeintoaccountthelong-termconsequencesofouractions.(虽然玛雅火车可能提供经济效益，但我们不能忽视潜在的环境和文化损失，以及它可能带来的安全风险。实现进步和保护之间的和谐可能是该项目面临的重大挑战，但我们必须考虑到我们行动的长期后果)"可知，在作者看来虽然玛雅火车项目会带来一定的经济效益，但是我们决不能忽视潜在的环境和文化方面的损失，以及它有可能带来的安全方面的风险。由此推知，我们得认真考虑我们的行为所带来的长期后果，即经济的发展不应该以牺牲环境为代价。故选C。【答案】8．D9．C10．B11．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本篇文章主要围绕科学家发现了1.55亿年前"消失的"阿尔戈大陆而展开。文章解释了阿尔戈大陆早年从澳大利亚大陆分离，往西北方向漂移，最终在印度尼西亚岛屿的东部以广泛分散的碎片形式被发现。这一发现对于科学家们研究生物多样性以及东南亚岛屿上神秘的华莱士线都有着重要的意义。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题四种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做判断推理题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。8．细节理解题。根据第二段"Usingthistheory,geologistsatUtrechtUniversitydiscoveredthatArgolandhadn'treallydisappearedbutsurvivedasa"veryextendedandfragmentedcollection"undertheislandstotheeastofIndonesia.(利用这一理论，乌特勒支大学的地质学家发现，阿尔戈大陆并没有真正消失，而是作为一个"非常广泛并分散的集合体"存在于印度尼西亚东部的岛屿下方)"可知，阿尔戈大陆是以碎片的形式存在于印度尼西亚东部岛屿之下。故选D。9．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文"UnlikeothercontinentslikeAfricaandSouthAmerica,whichbrokeneatlyintotwopieces,Argolandsplitintomanysmallerfragments"可知，阿尔戈大陆不像非洲和南美洲那样是整齐地分裂成两部分，阿尔戈兰大陆分裂成许多较小的碎片，再结合画线词下文"whichmadeitdifficultforscientiststolocateandstudythecontinent'sgeologicalfeatures"可知，这使得科学家很难确定它的位置并研究它的地质特征。然而，利用先进的技术和这项新发现，科学家们现在能够将它们拼凑起来。故画线词所在句应表示阿尔戈大陆分裂成许多"分散的"小碎片。"Distributed"意为"分散的"，符合语境，故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第四段"Tracingthecontinentsisvitalforunderstandingprocessesliketheevolutionofbiodiversity.ItcouldhelpexplainsomethingknownasthemysteriousWallaceline,whichisanimaginaryboundarythatseparatesmammals,birds,andevenearlyhumanspeciesinSoutheastAsianislands.Theboundaryhaspuzzledscientistsbecauseofhowclearlyitseparatestheisland'swildlife.Tothewestofthelineareplacentalmammalslikeapesandelephants.Butthesearealmostcompletelyabsenttotheeast,whereyoucanfindmarsupialsandcockatoos—animalstypicallyassociatedwithAustralia.ResearchershavetheorizedthatthismaybebecauseArgolandcarrieditsownwildlifeawayfromAustraliabeforeitcrashedintoSoutheastAsia,whichhelpsexplainwhydifferentspeciesarefoundindifferentnations.(追溯大陆的变迁对于我们理解生物多样性的发展过程至关重要。这有助于解释神秘的华莱士线，它是一条虚构的边界，将东南亚岛屿上的哺乳动物、鸟类甚至早期人类物种分隔开来。这条边界之所以令科学家困惑，是因为它清晰地划分了岛屿上的野生动物。在这条线的西侧是类似猿和大象的胎盘哺乳动物，但这些动物在该线的东侧几乎完全不存在，取而代之的是有袋类动物和凤头鹦鹉等通常与澳大利亚相关联的动物。研究人员推测，这可能是因为阿尔戈大陆带着自己的野生动物从澳大利亚漂移至东南亚，这有助于解释为什么不同的物种分布在不同的国家)"可推知，第四段提及"华莱士线"旨在强调追溯阿尔戈大陆的意义。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段"GeologistshavelongbeenfascinatedbyamissingpieceofEarth'shistory—alostcontinentcalledArgoland.Around155millionyearsago,the5,000-kilometercontinentbrokeofffromWesternAustraliaandbegandrifting(漂移),leavingbehindabasindeepbelowtheoceanknownastheArgoAbyssalPlain.ButwheredidArgolandactuallygo?(长期以来，地质学家一直对地球历史上缺失的一段历史着迷——一块名为阿尔戈兰的失落大陆。大约1.55亿年前，这块5000公里长的大陆从西澳大利亚分离出来，开始漂流，在海洋深处留下了一个盆地，被称为阿尔戈深海平原。但阿尔戈兰到底去了哪里？)"结合本篇文章主要围绕科学家发现了1.55亿年前"消失的"阿尔戈大陆而展开。文章解释了阿尔戈大陆早年从澳大利亚大陆分离，往西北方向漂移，最终在印度尼西亚岛屿的东部以广泛分散的碎片形式被发现。这一发现对于科学家们研究生物多样性以及东南亚岛屿上神秘的华莱士线都有着重要的意义。结合选项，A项"失落大陆的发现"能够概括文章主旨，故选A。【答案】12．C13．A14．A15．D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学院的专家团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题、推理判断题和词义猜测题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做判断推理题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构