四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟2024-2025学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题（含解析）

四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟2024-2025学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题一,阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。2023CollectionofAustralianStamps（ExecutiveEdition）Exploreaboundtreasureofgummedandperforated（涂胶打孔的）stampspresentedinexclusivelayouts.Inadditiontoallthestampsreleasedin2023,thisbookgetstheessenceofstampcollectingwithfascinatingtextabouteachstampissue.IncludedisanexclusivegummedConcessionStampminisheet,the2022NativeAnimalsstampsand89mintstampspresentedinuniquelayouts.Thisgreatgiftcomeswith$124.25worthofstamps.Ournetworkofmorethan400ParcelLockersarefreeandavailablearoundtheclock,soyoucanpickupyourorderanytime.Withover3,600locationsacrossAustralia,getyourorderdeliveredtoapostofficenearworkorhome,andcollectduringbusinesshours.AustraliaPosthaspartneredwithhundredsofthird-partyretailerstoprovideanotheroptionforcollection.Dispatchisthetimeyourordertakestoleaveourwarehouse.Mostordersleavethewarehousewithin2businessdays.StandarddeliveryisfreeAustralia-wideonorders$30+.Forordersunder$30,wechargeaflatfeeof$5.Mostordersarrivetoyouwithin6businessdays.Expressdeliveryis$15.Viewcurrentdeliverytimes.ExpressPostisourfastestpostalservice,butwedonotguaranteenextbusinessdaydeliveryforOnlineShoporders.Internationaldeliveryisavailableforsomeorders,dependingonwhatyou'rebuyingandwhereit'sbeingsent.Mostorderstakeatleast10businessdaystoarriveviaanuntrackedservice.Transittimesvarybasedondestination—seeourinternationaldeliverytimesformoreinformation.Occasionally,highdeliveryvolumesandothernetworkissuescancausedelays,aswellaswheretheorderisbeingsent.1．Whatcanwelearnaboutthecollection?A．Itisissuedtwiceayear.B．Itincludes89stampsintotal.C．Eachstampispresentedwithatext.D．Allstampsareaboutnativeanimals.2．Howmuchshouldwepayforthepostageatmostbystandarddelivery?A．$5. B．$15. C．$30. D．$124.25.3．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．TointroducethenetworkofAustraliaPost.B．Toadvertisethemostvaluablestampsin2023.C．Toinformpeopleofthechangeofdeliveringmessage.D．Topersuadepeopletobuyabookincludingstamps.阅读理解Shadowsareoftenassociatedwithdarknessanduncertainty.Now,researchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore(NUS)aregivingshadowsapositivespinbydemonstratingawaytoharnessthiscommonbutoftenoverlookedoptical(光学的)effecttogenerateelectricity.Theteamcreatedadevicecalledashadow-effectenergygenerator(SEG),whichmakesuseofthecontrastinillumination(照明)betweenlitandshadowedareastogenerateelectricity.It'smadeupofaseriesofthinstripsofgoldfilmonasiliconlayer,whichisthenplacedonaflexibleplasticbase."Inconventionaloptoelectronics(光电子学)whereasteadysourceoflightisusedtopowerdevices,shadowsareundesirable,sincetheydegradetheperformanceofdevices.Inthiswork,wetookadvantageoftheilluminationcontrastcausedbyshadowsasanindirectsourceofpower.Thecontrastinilluminationcausesavoltage(电压)differencebetweentheshadowandilluminatedsections,resultinginanelectriccurrent.Thisnovelconceptofharvestingenergyinthepresenceofshadowsisunprecedented."explainedresearchteamleaderProfessorTanSweeChing.Mobileelectronicdevicessuchassmartphones,smartglassesande-watchesrequireefficientandcontinuouspowersupply.Asthesedevicesarewornbothindoorsandoutdoors,wearablepowersourcesthatcouldharnesssurroundinglightcanpotentiallyimprovethefunctionofthesedevices.Whilecommerciallyavailablesolarcellscanperformthisroleinanoutdoorenvironment,theirenergyharvestingefficiencydropssignificantlyunderindoorconditionswhereshadowsarepersistent.Thisnewapproachtomaximizingtheefficiencyofenergyharvestingisbothexcitingandtimely."WhenthewholeSEGisunderilluminationorinshadow,theamountofelectricitygeneratedisverylowornoneatall.WhenapartoftheSEGisilluminated,asignificantelectricaloutputisdetected.WealsofoundthatthebestsurfaceareaforelectricitygenerationiswhenhalfoftheSEGisilluminatedandtheotherhalfinshadow,asthisgivesenoughareaforchargegenerationandcollectionrespectively."saidco-teamleaderProfessorAndrewWee.TheNUSresearchersarealsolookingatdevelopingwearableSEGsattachedtoclothingtoharvestenergyduringnormaldailyactivities.Anotherpromisingareaofresearchisthedevelopmentoflow-costSEGforefficientharvestingofenergyfromindoorlighting.4．Whyareshadowsconsideredundesirableintraditionaloptoelectronics?A．Theyservenousefulpurpose.B．Theyweakendeviceperformance.C．Theyarerareinoutdoorconditions.D．Theyaredifficulttocontrolorpredict.5．WhatdoweknowabouttheSEG?A．It'sspeciallydesignedtoworkinopenareas.B．Itwillreplaceexistingsolarcellsonceandforall.C．It'smosteffectivewhenfullypositionedinlightorinshadow.D．Itrequiresabalanceoflightandshadowtomaximizeelectricitygeneration.6．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．TheSEGisunlikelytoworkefficientlyindarkplaces.B．TheresearchersarelookingtoreducethecostoftheSEG.C．ThedevelopmentofSEGislimitedbyitshighproductioncost.D．TheresearchersaredevelopingwearableSEGsattachedtosmartphones.7．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Aninnovativeuseofshadowstogenerateelectricity.B．Theproblemswithshadowsinconventionaloptoelectronics.C．Thechallengesofadaptingtechnologyforwearabledevices.D．Aneedforefficientpowersupplyinmobileelectronicdevices.阅读理解Oneofthemostcuriousfeaturesofthemodernworldisthemannerinwhichdesignhasbeenwidelytransformedintosomethingmeaningless.ButIwanttoarguedesignshouldbethecrucialblockonwhichthehumanenvironmentisshapedandconstructedforthebettermentanddelightofall.Notsurprisingly,intheabsenceofwidespreadagreementaboutitssignificanceandvalue,muchconfusionsurroundsdesignpractice.Insomesubjectareas,authorscanassumecommongroundwithreaders.Othersubjectareascanbesodifficultthathowsuchmutualunderstandingexists.Designsitsuncomfortablybetweenthesetwoextremes.Asaworditiscommonenough,butitisfullofdisharmony,hasinnumerablemanifestations（表现）,andlacksboundariesthatgiveclarityanddefinition.Asapractice,designgeneratesvastquantitiesofmaterial,muchofitephemeral,onlyasmallproportionofwhichhassustainedquality.Sohowcandesignbeunderstoodinameaningfulsense?Designisoneofthebasiccharacteristicsofwhatitistobehuman,andanessentialdeterminantofthequalityofhumanlife.Ifthingsareanecessarypartofourexistence,whyaretheyoftendonesobadly?Thereisnosimpleanswer.Costfactorsaresometimesadvanced,buttheremovebetweendoingsomethingwellorbadlycanbeexceedinglysmall,andcostfactorscaninfactbereducedbyappropriatedesigninputs.Thisbookisbasedonabeliefthatdesignmattersprofoundlytousallininnumerablewaysandrepresentsanareaofhuge,underutilizedpotentialinlife.Itsetsouttoexploresomereasonswhythisissoandtosuggestsomepossibilitiesofchange.Theintentionistoextendtherangeofwhatisunderstoodbytheterm,andexaminethedepthofdesignpracticeasitaffectseverydaylifeinadiversityofcultures.8．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Thecausesofconfusion. B．Thesignificanceofdesign.C．Thedifferencesinsubjects. D．Thecommongroundinpeople.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ephemeral"inParagraph3mean?A．Meaningful. B．Short-lived. C．Enormous. D．Hard-wearing.10．Whatdoweknowaboutdesign?A．Designisjustaboutartsortrends.B．Costfactorsaccountforinadequatedesign.C．Veryfewareincapableofimprovementbyproperdesign.D．Theauthorarguesthatdesignismeaningless.11．Whatisthebookaimedat?A．Reducingdesigninputs.B．Persistinginmeaningfuldesignpractices.C．Denyingpreviousconceptionofdesign.D．Clarifyingtheconfusionsurroundingdesign.阅读理解Withartificialintelligence(AI)androbotictechnologyimprovingatimpressiverates,therearesomewhoworrythatthere'sariskofartisticandcreativepeoplebeingreplaced.AnewstudybytheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnology,however,isshowingexactlywhythatcan'tandshouldn'thappen.ItallstartedwhentheSouthKoreancompanyposedthisquestion:Canrobotsreplaceconductors?Overayearago,worktodevelopautomaton(自动化)began.Atfirst,itwasdesignedlikeamachine,anddidn'tliveuptoexpectations.Thenthecompanysoughtwaystoimproveit.Intheend,itwasgiventwoarmswithjointstocopywristsandelbows,allowingittomoveasticksimilarlytohowahumanconductorwouldmoveit.ItwasnamedtheEverR6robot,andstandsat1.8meters.Itwasfinallytimetofigureouthowitcouldfollowthroughonitsmusicalrole."Wegotinvolvedinthisprojecttoseehowfarrobotscangoinmorecreativefieldslikethearts,andwhatthechallengesare,"Dong-wookLee,aseniorresearcherattheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnologysaid.Inordertopullthisoff,Dong-wookLeecooperatedwiththeBusanPhilharmonicOrchestra.The12-minutepiecetheyplannedtoperform,"Feel"byIl-hoonSon,wascreatedspecificallyforthisevent.ItwascreatedwiththestrengthsofbothEverR6andthehumanconductor,Soo-yeolChoi,inmind.Topulloffthisimpressiveperformance,therobotwaspreprogrammedtoconductthrough30cyclesofbeatpatterns.Meanwhile,itwasuptothehumanconductortoleadtheorchestraincreatinganimprovisational(即兴的)score,addingdepthtotheotherwiseplannedpiece.Together,theypulledoffamasterfulperformancethattheaudienceseemedmorethanhappytohavehadtheopportunitytowitnessitfirsthand!Withtheconcerthavinggonesowell,thisisonlythestartofEverR6.Still,nomattertheimprovementsthey'reabletomaketothisAndroidrobot,thehumanconductorisn'tconcernedaboutbeingreplaced."Let'sleavetheaccuracytotherobots,"Soo-yeolChoisaid,"butthemusicalandartisticaspectstoahumanconductor."12．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．ThefunctionoftheEverR6robot.B．ThedevelopmentoftheEverR6robot.C．TheEverR6robot'sroleasaconductor.D．ThedifficultyindesigningtheEverR6robot.13．Whatcanbelearnedabout"Feel"?A．Itisapiecefamiliartotheaudience.B．Itisapieceshowingthehuman-robotcooperation.C．ItistheonlypiecethatEverR6willperform.D．Itisapiecerequiringgreatabilitytoconduct.14．WhatroledidSoo-yeolChoiplayintheperformance?A．Hecorrectedtherobot'smistakes.B．HeprogrammedtheEverR6robot.C．Heledtheimprovisationalsectionoftheperformance.D．HewasthemainconductoroftheBusanPhilharmonicOrchestra.15．WhatisSoo-yeolChoi'sattitudetowardsEverR6?A．Unclear. B．Uncaring. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful.二、第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Travelingiswhatmakesyourlifecomplete.Youmayoftencomplainthatthereistoomuchworkandnotimetotravel.16．Therearehundredsofreasonswhyyoushouldtravel.Hereareonlyfourofthem:17．Bespontaneous（自发的）andtravelwheneveryoufeellikeleavingyourdailyroutine.Itiswrongtowaitfarcertaintimeoftheyearsothatyoucouldspoilyourself.Yourcompanywon'tbebankruptordisappearifyouleaveitforaweekortwo.Thereareplentyofpeoplewhocansubstituteforyouanddoyourjobwhileyouareaway.18．Herethepointistoplantaweekahead.Ifyouworkhard,youcanplayhard.Alwaysrememberthatthequalityofyearworkwillimproveifyouhaveagoodrestandletyourselfrelaxandrechargewithenergyandpositiveemotions.Youcannotbeagoodemployeeifyouareunhappyandtense.Yourfamilysuffers,too.Whenyourmindisfreeyoucanperformat200percent19．Youlosebalanceandharmonyifyouexperiencetoomuchstress,performalotofdemandingroutineandconstantlytakeresponsibilities.Takecareofyourself.Makesurethatyourwell-beingdoesnotsuffer.Havearicherlifeifyouwanttobeabetterleader.Weallwanttoexcelinourprofession.Wewanttobeinchargeevenathome.Weliketobeappreciatedbythecommunity.Beingsuchapersonrequiresseveralimportantqualities.Togaintherequiredqualitiesyoumusthaveamulti-dimensionalpersonality.Themorenewactivitiesyoupractice,themorechancesyoucanhavetobecomeabetterleader.20．A.Makingexcusesismucheasierthanacting.B.Thereisnotomorrow,sotakeabreaknow.C.Findingbalanceisn'teasy,yetitisworthtrying.D.Travelingisalsoameansofbroadeningyourhorizons.E.Youcandosomeofitinadvanceoryoucanputitonhold.F.Youareuselessasaworkerifyourbodydoesnotfeelgreat.G.Beaninstructor,inspireothersanddowhatyouwouldlikeotherstodo.三、第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。"It'sover!Thankgoodness!"schoolwas21．andIwastired.I22．atthefrontoftheschoolbus.Janie,thedriver,triesto23．theuncomfortableatmospherebystrikingthematchoftalks.Itrytolisten24．,butusuallyIamtoo25．thinkingaboutmyday.Onthisday,however,hertalkwasworth26．."Myfather'sill,"shesaidtonooneinparticular(特别地).Icouldseeworryinher27．.Ihadneverseenherlikethisbefore.Shealwaysmeetsstudents28．asmile.Withasuddenchangeofinterest,Iasked,"what'swrongwithhim?"Withhereyeswetandhervoice29．,sheanswered,"Hearttrouble."Hereyesloweredasshecontinued."I'vealready30．mymum,soIdon'tthinkIcanstandlosinghim."Icouldn'tanswer.Myheartachedforher.Isatonthe31．thinkingofthegreatpainmyownmotherwasthrownintowhenherfatherdied.Isawhowharditwas,andstillis,forher.Iwouldn'twanttoanyonetogothroughthat.SuddenlyIrealizedJaniewasn'tonlyabus32．,thatwasjustherjob.Shehadawholeworldoffamilyandcares33．.Isuddenly34．veryselfish.IpaidnoattentiontoJaniebecauseshewasabusdriver.Ihadjudgedherbyherjobandbrushedheroffasunimportant.Ishouldn'thavebeensoselfishandself-centered.35．peopleisanart.21．A．in B．off C．over D．on22．A．ran B．walked C．sat D．stood23．A．rest B．break C．close D．open24．A．polite B．rude C．politely D．quickly25．A．busy B．free C．busily D．freely26．A．lookingat B．agreeingwithC．talkingto D．listeningto27．A．eyes B．face C．mouth D．ears28．A．with B．within C．without D．for29．A．usually B．usual C．unusual D．truly30．A．remembered B．forgotten C．lost D．missed31．A．seat B．house C．room D．desk32．A．worker B．driver C．teacher D．doctor33．A．also B．either C．too D．atall34．A．felt B．feel C．thought D．was35．A．Lookingat B．UnderstandingC．Gettingtoknow D．Watching四、第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）语法填空RyuseiOuchitakesadeepbreathasheuseshiscane（手杖）tofeelouttheedgeofthethree-metre-highramp（斜坡）,walkstotheedgeandthendropsin.Likeallskateboarders,therushofair,thethrilloftheride,thesenseofachievementincompletingatrickare36．drewthe19-year-oldtothesport.Unlikeotherboarders,however,Ouchiisalmost37．（complete）blind.Ouchiwasbornwithperfectvisionbutsincebeingdiagnosed（诊断）with38．eyeconditionattheageofsevenhissighthasworsenedtothepointwhereheneedsacanetonavigatehislocalskateparkinTokorozawa,northofTokyo.Droppinginofflargeramps,ridingrailsandevenperforminghandstandtricks,Ouchihasimpressedthelocalskateboardingcommunityandearnedhimaconsiderablefollowingonsocialmedia.Heiswellaware39．thedangersbutsaysitcomeswiththeterritory.Ouchi40．（start）skateboardingat15whenhiseyesightbegantoworsenfaster.Herealizedhewantedtolearn41．itwastoolate.SkateboardingwithfriendsgaveOuchianoutlettoexpress42．（he）andhenowheadstotheskateparkseveral43．（time）aweek.Ittookhimawhile44．（become）fullyaccustomedtothelayout,hesaid,butnowhehasagoodmentalpictureofhissurroundings,45．（free）himuptoperformmoretricks.五、第四部分任务型阅读（共两节，满分20分）阅读理解Doyouknowthatitonlytakesanalgorithm(算法)toturnyouintoaPabloPicasso?Allyouneedtodoisfollowthreesimplesteps:choose,provideandcreate.Tobemorespecific,chooseanAIArtGenerator,providethegeneratorwithyourpreferredrequirementandhitthe"create"button.Evenordinarypeoplewithoutanypaintingskillscandoitwell.ChinesenetizenshavebeenamazedandamusedbytheresultscreatedbyAIartgenerators.SomeplatformsprovidingAIpaintingservicesgainedmorethan600,000usersinasingledayinNovember,withpeopleaged25andunderaccountingformorethan60%ofnewusers.JiaYunfan,a26-year-olddigitalartist,hasbeenembracingthenovelAImovement.Hesaid,"IwastrainedasanoilpaintereversinceIwasyoung.Butcanvas(油画布)andtherealisticstylearejusttooclassicandIusedtobeonlydefinedasapainter.NewlyemergedartformslikeAIpaintingscanhelpartistsreachglobalaudiencesandbroadentheirartisticfield."AnillustratorHuangGefromShanghaisaidillustratorsneedtimetocreateandtheyareexpensivetohire,butwithAItools,hundredsofpicturescanbegeneratedeveryday.However,thetrendhasagaincausedsomepanicaboutwhetherAIisgraduallyreplacinghumanbeings."Art'svalueslienotonlyinrepresentationbutalsotheartist'smindandemotionalcontributions.YetthisislackinginAIart.Thewarmthandinspirationinhuman'screationsareirreplaceable,"DingDaoshi,ananalystsaid.AmoreurgentissueisthatthereisnoconsensusoftheownershipofAIart.SomeusershaveopenlysoldsomeAIpaintingsandhaveearnedmoney,butitisstillagrayareaaboutwhethertheseartworksbelongtousers,thedigitaltooldevelopersoreventheAIitself.DingnotedthatthevarioussidesshouldgettogethertodebatetheissueandcomeupwithsomeacceptedregulationsassoonaspossiblebecauseAIisalreadystickingdeeplyintoeveryaspectofthelivesofhumanbeings.(以下是A种题型)46．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThedevelopmentofAIpaintings.B．TheclassificationofAIartworks.C．Thepopularityofdigitalpaintings.D．TheprocedureincreatingAIartworks.47．WhydoesJiaYunfanwelcomethenewAItrend?A．Itpromoteshisartcareer. B．Itreduceshiscostincreation.C．Itmaintainshispaintingstyle. D．Itimproveshisworkefficiency.48．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"consensus"meaninparagraph5?A．Complaint. B．Result. C．Agreement. D．Discussion.49．Whatproblemremainstobesolvedinthefuture?A．WhoownsthecopyrightofAIart.B．WhattodotoensurethequalityofAIartworks.C．Howtotellhuman'screationsfromAIpaintings.D．WhetherAIpaintingscanreplacetraditionalpaintings.50．HowdopeoplecreateAIartworks?51．WhoarethemajornewusersoftheAIpaintingservices?52．Whatcan'tbereplacedbyAIartaccordingtoDingDaoshi?53．Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout?六、第五部分写作（满分20分）54．假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack在学习汉语的过程中遇到了一些困难，给你发电子邮件询问一些如何学汉语的建议。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容要点如下：1.表示理解；2.给出建议和理由；3.表达祝愿；注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。……

答案解析部分1．C2．A3．D本文是一篇应用文。文章是一篇商品广告，主要介绍了2023年澳大利亚邮票珍藏集（执行版），包括涂胶打孔邮票、特色邮票故事、2022年本土动物邮票等。提供多种取货方式，包括超过400个包裹柜和3600个邮局网点。运费政策包括免费标准配送和快速配送，以及国际配送选项。

考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中"Inadditiontoallthestampsreleasedin2023,thisbookgetstheessenceofstampcollectingwithfascinatingtextabouteachstampissue.(除了2023年发行的所有邮票外，每套邮票均附有精彩的文字介绍，体现了集邮的精髓)"可知，邮集中的每枚邮票都附有文字。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据第四段中"StandarddeliveryisfreeAustralia-wideonorders$30+.Forordersunder$30,wechargeaflatfeeof$5.(是在澳大利亚范围内，30美元以上订单的标准投递是免费的。对于30美元以下的订单，我们收取5美元的固定费用)"可知，按标准投递，我们最多要付5美元的邮费。故选A。3．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中"Exploreaboundtreasureofgummedandperforated(涂胶打孔的)stampspresentedinexclusivelayouts.Inadditiontoallthestampsreleasedin2023,thisbookgetstheessenceofstampcollectingwithfascinatingtextabouteachstampissue.IncludedisanexclusivegummedConcessionStampminisheet,the2022NativeAnimalsstampsand89mintstampspresentedinuniquelayouts.Thisgreatgiftcomeswith$124.25worthofstamps.(探索一套以独特版式呈现的背胶及穿孔邮票。除了2023年发行的所有邮票外，这本书还以引人入胜的文字介绍了集邮的精髓。其中包括一款独家背胶优惠邮票小型张、2022年本地动物邮票和89枚别具一格的邮票。这个伟大的礼物附有价值124.25美元的邮票)"可知，本文是一篇商品广告，详细介绍了2023年澳大利亚邮票珍藏册的内容、特点、购买时间、配送方式和费用等相关信息，目的是说服人们去购买这套邮票收藏册。故选D。4．B5．D6．B7．A本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的可产生电的发明，该发明利用明亮和阴影区域之间的照明对比来发电，该设备被称为"阴影效应能量发生器"。

考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。4．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容"Inconventionaloptoelectronicswhereasteadysourceoflightisusedtopowerdevices,shadowsareundesirable,sincetheydegradetheperformanceofdevices.(在传统的光电子技术中，使用稳定的光源为设备供电，阴影是不可取的，因为它们会降低设备的性能。)"可知，阴影不可取的原因在于它们会降低设备的性能。故选B。5．推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容"WealsofoundthatthebestsurfaceareaforelectricitygenerationiswhenhalfoftheSEGisilluminatedandtheotherhalfinshadow,asthisgivesenoughareaforchargegenerationandcollectionrespectively.(我们还发现，发电的最佳表面积是当SEG的一半被照亮而另一半处于阴影中时，因为这分别为电荷的产生和收集提供了足够的面积。)"可知，当SEG的一半被照亮而另一半处于阴影中时，即，光影面积平衡时，可实现最佳发电表面积。由此可推知，它需要光和影的平衡来最大限度地发电。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容"Anotherpromisingareaofresearchisthedevelopmentoflow-costSEGforefficientharvestingofenergyfromindoorlighting.(另一个有前景的研究领域是开发低成本的SEG，以有效地从室内照明中收集能量。)"可知，开发低成本的SEG是有前景的。由此可推知，研究人员在寻求降低SEG的成本。故选B。7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"Now,researchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore(NUS)aregivingshadowsapositivespinbydemonstratingawaytoharnessthiscommonbutoftenoverlookedoptical(光学的)effecttogenerateelectricity.(现在，新加坡国立大学的研究人员正在给阴影一个积极的转变，他们展示了一种利用这种常见但常被忽视的光学效应来发电的方法。)"和文章第二段内容"Theteamcreatedadevicecalledashadow-effectenergygenerator(SEG),whichmakesuseofthecontrastinilluminationbetweenlitandshadowedareastogenerateelectricity.(该团队创建了一种称为阴影效应能量发生器（SEG）的设备，该设备利用明亮和阴影区域之间的照明对比来发电。)"可知，文章主要以"阴影效应能量发生器（SEG）"为话题，对其原理和应用进行了阐述。因此，选项A"Aninnovativeuseofshadowstogenerateelectricity.(一种利用阴影发电的创新方法。)"可对文章内容进行概述。故选A。8．A9．B10．C11．B本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对设计的正确解读和如何追求更好的设计。

本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查段落大意。根据第二段中的"Notsurprisingly,intheabsenceofwidespreadagreementaboutitssignificanceandvalue,muchconfusionsurroundsdesignpractice.Insomesubjectareas,authorscanassumecommongroundwithreaders.Othersubjectareascanbesodifficultthathosuchmutualunderstandingexists."毫不奇怪，在缺乏对其意义和价值的广泛认同的情况下，围绕着设计实践的许多困惑。在某些主题领域，作者可以假定与读者有共同点。其他学科领域可能非常困难，不存在这样的相互理解。可知，第二段主要讲的是困惑的原因。故选A。9．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"onlyasmallproportionofwhichhassustainedquality"只有一小部分具有持久的质量。可推知，划线词"ephemeral"的意思是"短暂存在的"，作为一种实践，设计产生了大量的材料，其中大部分是短暂的。故选B。10．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Designisoneofthebasiccharacteristicsofwhatitistobehuman,andanessentialdeterminantofthequalityofhumanlife.Ifthingsareanecessarypartofourexistence,whyaretheyoftendonesobadly?Thereisnosimpleanswer.Costfactorsaresometimesadvanced,butthemarginbetweendoingsomethingwellorbadlycanbeexceedinglysmall,andcostfactorscaninfactbereducedbyappropriatedesigninputs."设计是人类生活质量的基本特征之一，也是人类生活质量的基本决定因素。如果事物是我们存在的必要组成部分，为什么它们经常做得如此糟糕？没有一个简单的答案。成本因素有时是先进的，但把事情做得好或做得不好之间的差距可能非常小，而成本因素实际上可以通过适当的设计投入来降低。可推知，很少有产品不能通过适当的设计进行改进。故选C。11．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Theintentionistoextendtherangeofwhatisunderstoodbytheterm,andexaminethedepthofdesignpracticeasitaffectseverydaylifeinadiversityofcultures."目的是扩大这个术语的理解范围，并研究设计实践的深度，因为它影响着不同文化的日常生活。可知，本书旨在坚持有意义的设计实践。故选B。12．B13．B14．C15．C这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着人工智能(AI)和机器人技术以惊人的速度发展，一些人担心艺术和创意人才有被取代的风险。然而，韩国工业技术研究所(KoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnology)的一项新研究恰恰说明了为什么这不能也不应该发生。

考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。12．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段"Overayearago,worktodevelopautomaton(自动化)began.Atfirst,itwasdesignedlikeamachine,anddidn'tliveuptoexpectations.Thenthecompanysoughtwaystoimproveit.Intheend,itwasgiventwoarmswithjointstocopywristsandelbows,allowingittomoveasticksimilarlytohowahumanconductorwouldmoveit.ItwasnamedtheEverR6robot,andstandsat1.8meters.(一年多以前，开发自动化的工作开始了。起初，它被设计得像一台机器，并没有达到人们的期望。然后，该公司寻求改进方法。最后，它被赋予了两条带有关节的手臂来模仿手腕和肘部，使它能够像人类指挥一样移动一根棍子。它被命名为EverR6机器人，身高1.8米)"可知，第二段主要讲述了EverR6机器人的研发过程。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据文章第四段"The12-minutepiecetheyplannedtoperform,"Feel"byIl-hoonSon,wascreatedspecificallyforthisevent.ItwascreatedwiththestrengthsofbothEverR6andthehumanconductor,Soo-yeolChoi,inmind.(他们计划演奏的12分钟的曲目是孙一勋的《Feel》，这是专门为此次活动制作的。这首歌是在考虑到EverR6和人类指挥家崔秀烈(Soo-yeolChoi)的长处后创作的)"可推知，"Feel"是一个展示人机合作的作品。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据文章第五段"Meanwhile,itwasuptothehumanconductortoleadtheorchestraincreatinganimprovisational(即兴的)score,addingdepthtotheotherwiseplannedpiece.(与此同时，由人类指挥来带领乐队创作即兴乐谱，为原本计划好的作品增加深度)"可知，他在表演中指挥演出的即兴部分。故选C。15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段""Let'sleavetheaccuracytotherobots,"Soo-yeolChoisaid,"butthemusicalandartisticaspectstoahumanconductor."("让我们把精确度留给机器人吧，"崔秀烈(Soo-yeolChoi)说，"而把音乐和艺术方面的工作留给人类指挥。")"可推知，Soo-yeolChoi对这个机器人持支持的态度。故选C。16．C；17．B；18．E；19．F；20．G本文是一篇说明文，介绍了去旅行的四个理由。

考查七选五，本文是一篇旅游类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Travelingiswhatmakesyourlifecomplete.Youmayoftencomplainthatthereistoomuchworkandnotimetotravel."旅行让你的人生变得完整。你可能经常抱怨工作太多，没有时间去旅行；以及空后"Therearehundredsofreasonswhyyoushouldtravel.Hereareonly