冀教版初中英语8年级下册知识梳理

Unit1lesson11.What'stheweatherliketoday?这句是用来询问天气的一个常用句子，还可以说成：

Howistheweather?2.Itwillbesnowyandhottoday.snowy是形容词，意思是有雪的，雪大的。它是由名词snow+y构成，类似的词还有：cloudy;rainy;sunny;windy;icy;foggy;thirsty;dirty;healthy;3.What'sthetemperature?问温度是多少时，不用howmany/much，要用what4.Ihopenot.它的肯定形式为Ihopeso.类似的表达法有：

I'mafraidso.I'mafraidnot.IthinksoIdon'tthinkso.5.I'mscaredofthunder.bescaredofsb.sth.害怕某人或某物。这里scared

是过去分词，作形容词。如：I'mscaredofwildanimals.scare还可以作动词。如：Youscaredme.lesson21.What'sthedatetoday?It'sMarchtwenty-first.What'sthedate?是用来询问日期的一个常用句子，也可以说成：Whatistoday'sdate?如果询问星期要用

Whatdayistoday?Whatdayisittoday?2.Inspring,theweatherbecomeswarmer.become是系动词，与get一样，常接形容词作表语；与get不同的是它还可以接名词作表语，表示身份的变化。应为：成为。如：Thedaysarebecominggettinglongerinsummer.Hebecamealawyerin1998.3.Thetemperaturegoesup!goup意思是上升，与rise同义，与godown或set相反。如：Thesungoesup

isesintheeastandgoesdownsetsinthewest.4.Thundermakesaloudnoise.makeanoise意思是发出声响，吵闹。如：Thebabyissleeping.Don'tmakeanoise.Youshouldn'tmakeanoiseinclass.lesson31.SpringhasarrivedinShijiazhuang.arrive是不及物动词，意思是到达。arrivein+大地点（国家、地区、城市）arriveat+小地点（学校、商店、车站、邮局等类似地点），地点为副词时inat要省去。如：HearrivedinParis.Thetrainarrivedatthestation.Theyarrivedhomeearly.reach表示到达时，是及物动词，直接与到达的地点(n)连用。如：HereachedParis.Thetrainreachedthestation.getto表示到达时，后跟副词表示的地点时to要省去，如：Hegetsthereontime.2.EverymorningIseemanypeopleintheparkexercising.seesb.doingsth.表示看见某人在做某事，如：Canyouseethemplayingfootballoverthere?seesb.dosth.表示看见某人做过某事，如：Ioftenseehimplayfootballontheplayground.这样的词还有：

hear;watch;notice等。3.Thesunwillsetinaboutfifteenminutes.in是介词，表示在...以后，用于将来时，后面跟表示一段时间的名词。此时，不能用after替换in.如：Hewillbebackintwodays.Theywillfinishtheworkintenmonths.4.Wewon'tseeanyflowersuntilMay.not...until...意思是直到...才...。until可以作介词或连词。如：Theydidn'tleaveuntiltheyfinishedthework.Hewon'tgotobeduntil11o'clock.5.Nextmonth,maybewewillplayinourshortsandT－shirts!in表示穿着，它可以跟表示衣服或衣服颜色的名词，意思是穿着...颜色的衣服。如：Thegirlinthehatismysister.Theyareplayinginnewclothes.Ourteacherisinareddresstoday.Allofthemareinblack.lesson41.Weatheriswarming,...

这里warm是动词，意思是变暖，它也可用作形容词，如：It'swarminspring.It'sgettingwarmerdaybyday.2.onebyone

一个接一个地

如Youcanplanttheseedsonebyone.类似的词语还有：yearbyyear;daybyday.3.Seeitbringtheseason'schange.seesb.sth.dosth.看到某人或某事物做过某事，change这里是名词，它也可以做动词，如：Hechangedhisclothes.lesson51.Let'sgocycling.gocycling=gotorideabike去骑车。如：HeoftengoescyclingonSunday.let'sdosth.表示让某人做某事

let'snotdosth.让某人不要做某事，如：Let'shavearest.Let'snotgothere.2.Howaboutbaseball,then?howwhatabout+nprondoingsth.如：Ilikespring.Howaboutyou?Whataboutacupofcoffee?Howaboutopeningthewindow?3.Theballalwayshitsmeonthehead.hitsb.onthe+身体部位，表示打在某人的某个部位，如：Hehitmeonthehead.HewassoangrythathehitMaryintheface.4.Shallweplaysoccer?ShallweI...?表示征求对方意见，可以...吗；...好吗。如：Shallwegoswimming?ShallIsithere?lesson61.DannyisbabysittinghiscousinDebieattheplayground.babysitting是双写t+ing而来的，这样的词还有：swimming;running;beginning;getting;putting等；attheplayground也可以说成inontheplayground.2.Holdon,Debbie!holdon可以表示稍等，别挂断；抓紧，如：Holdonaminute.Heheldontotherope.3.Dannywillpushyou.push这里是动词，意思是推，它也可以用作名词.pushsb.=givesb.apush.4.It'stimetostopswinging,debbie.stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下来做某事；如：Theystoppedtosmokeacigarette.Imuststopsmoking.Whenhesawhisteacheronthestreet,hestoppedtotalktoher.Allthestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.5.Debbedgetsofftheswing.getoff...意思是从...下来，通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等，反义词组是geton...如：Don'tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.TheywillgetoffthetraininBeijing.上、下小汽车或电梯常用getintooutof...lesson71.Ithoughtaboutitalldayatschool.thinkabout

意思是思考，考虑，想起，想到...;如:Iamthinkingaboutmyfriendinthecountry.Don'tthinkaboutitany

more.2.Ithoughtthatitwouldbeeasytobabysitthere.it在此代替后面的不等式tobabysitthere,作形式主语,如:Itisinterestingtoclimbthehill.Itishardtoanswerthequestion.3.Iwasscaredthatshewouldhurtherself,but...herself是反身代词,意思是她自己.当主语和宾语[指同一个人时,宾语应用反身代词.如:Shecanlookafterherself.MymothertaughtherselfEnglish.反身代词还可以作同位语

,起加强语气的作用.如:Shecandoitherself.=Sheherselfcandoit4.Myauntandunclehadmadesandwichesforustoeatattheplayground.makesth.forsb.=makesb.sth.意思是为某人制作某物.如:Iwillmakeabirthdaycakeforher.=Iwillmakeherabirthdaycake.5.sowasI.这是一个倒装句.是由so+系动词

助动词

情态动词+主语,构成.如:Heistall.SoamI.Theylikechinesefood.SodothetwoEnglishmen.6.Ihelpedherbrushherteethandclimbintobed.helpsb.(to)dosth.意思是帮助某人做某事,如:Ioftenhelpmymotherdothehousework.HesometimeshelpsmestudyEnglish.helpsb.withsth.也能表示帮助某人做某事,但with后面跟名词或人称代词宾格,上面的句子可改写为:Ioftenhelpmymotherwiththehousework.HesometimeshelpsmewithmyEnglish.Unit2lesson91.Wouldyoulikesomemarkers?wouldlike意思是想要,后跟名词,代词,动词不等式.如:I'dlikeacupoftea.Wouldyoulikesomebananas?I'dliketohaveanotherbook.wouldlikesb.todosth.意思是想要某人做某事,如:He'dlikemetohelphimwithhismaths.wouldyoulikesth.?用来表示邀请某人吃喝或用什么东西,它的答语为:Yes,please.No,thanks.wouldyouliketodosth.?用来表示邀请某人做某事,它的答语为:(yes),'dlikeloveto.I'mafraidnot...I'dloveto,but...等.2.Wouldyoupleaselendmeyourgreenmarker?wouldyouplease+动词原形?表示请你...好吗?lend是借进,常用lendsth.tosb.其反义词为borrow,常用borrowsth.fromsb.,如Heborrowedacarfromhisfriend.Helenthisbiketohisneighbour.3.Don'tforgettodrawthesun.forgettodosth.意思是忘记去做某事,forgetdoingsth.意思是忘了做过某事,如:Don'tforgettoclosethewindowbeforeyoubeave.Heforgotclosingthewindow,sohewentbacktocloseitagain.Heforgottoturnoffthelight,soitwasonthewholenight.4.Afteryouplantaplantinapot,whatdoyoudonext?plant是一个兼类词,既可以作动词,也可以作名词.plantaplant表示种植物.类似的兼类词还有:work;water;push等.lesson101.Flowers,leavesandstemsgrowaboveground.Rootsgrowbelowground.above是介词,表示在...上方,比...还高.与below相反.如:Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.Today'stemperatureis10degreesbelowzero.over是在...正上方,或覆盖在...上面,如:Thereisalampabovethedesk.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.2.Plantshaveflowersbeausetheflowersmakeseeds.because是连词,表示因为,引导原因状语从句.它不能和so连用,如:Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewassick.=Shewassicksoshedidn'tcometoschool.3.Theseedsofthericeplantfeedbillionsofpeople.hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有具体数字时,用单数形式,直接修饰名词;表示一个笼统的概念时,用复数形式,后面要与介词of连用再接名词.如:Hehasthreehundredbooks.Hehasreadhundredsofbooks.lesson111.Youneedtolookafterit.lookafter=takecareof意思是照顾,如:Ihavetolookafterthebaby.Canyoulookafteryourself?2.Plantsusesunlighttomakefood.tomakefood是不定式,表示目的,如:LiMingwentto

Beijing

toseehisuncle.3.Gardensarefullofplants.befullof...表示盛满...,装满....如:Theroomisfullofpeople.Thesebottlesarefullofwater.4.Inspring,peopleputcoversoverplantstokeepthemwarmatnight.cover用作动词意思是覆盖,遮盖,cover...with...表示用..把...覆盖上,如:Hecoveredhisfacewithascarf.becoveredwith...被...覆盖着.如:Theroadisusuallycoveredwithsnow.cover还可以用作名词,表示覆盖物,封面.如:Thebookneedsanewcover.keepsb.sth.+adj.表示使某人或某物处于某种状态.如:Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean.Helikesdoingthingstokeephimselfbusy.Let'skeepthewindowsopen.5.Windowsaremadeofglass.bemadeof...意思是由...制成,在制成的过程中原材料没有发生质的变化.bemadefrom...意思是由...制成,在制成的过程中原材料发生了质的变化.如:Mydesk

is

madeofwood.Booksaremadeofpaper.Paperismadefromwood.Wineismadefromwheat.lesson121.Onegroupsingsthepurplewords,andtheothergroupsingstheblackwords.one...,theother...意思是一个...另一个...,如:Shehastwocats.Oneiswhite,theotherisblack.2.Theprettiestplant...prettiest是pretty的最高级,如:Heisthetallestboyandsheistheprettiestgirl.3.Thatyoueverdidsee.didsee在此相当于saw,did放在动词原形前起加强语气的作用,如:Shedoesstudyhard.Idolikecomputergames.Theydidgotohaveapicnicyesterday.4.Asthestemgrows,itmakesleaves.as

在本句中表示当...时候,引导时间状语从句.如:HewentoutasIcamein.lesson131.Treeshelpcleantheair.It'spleasanttowalkamongthetrees.pleasant,pleased都是形容词,表示高兴的,快乐的.pleasant常用来形容事物,而pleased常用来形容人,如:Iamverypleasedyou'vedecidedtocome.among介词,表示在...(三者以上)之间,between介词,表示在两者之间.2.Donutsdon'tgrowontrees.ontrees=onthetree表示树本身所有物在树上;inthetree表示外来物在树上;如:Therearesomebirdsinthetree.Therearemanyapplesonthetree.3.Thenwecansitunderatreeintheshade.intheshade是介词短语,意思是在阴凉处.类似的短语有inthesun;inthelight;4.Allplantstakeenergyfromthesunandmakeitintoo...意思是把...制成...,如:Wecanmakethetreeintopaper.Wecanmakecottonintocloth.make还可以构成如下短语bemadeofromyin等5.Withoutfood,theywouldhavenothingtoeatandtheywoulddie.without是介词,意思是没有,不,如Hewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.Heleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.Fishcan'tlivewithoutwater.lesson141.Thereareabouteightythousanddifferentplantsintheworldthatpeoplecaneat.thatpeoplecaneat是定语从句,修饰plants,that是关系代词,引导定语从句,并代指plants,也可以用which来引导.当被修饰的名词是人时,可以用who,that,如

Ilikethepresentthatyougaveme.ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatI'veeverread.Thewomanwhoisbabysittingthebabyismyaunt.2.Buthalfoftheworld'sfoodcomesfromonlythreeplants:race,cornandwheat.halfof...

意思是...中的一半,当它所指代的是不可数名词时,代表单数.如果后面所接的是可数名词的复数,那么它所代表的也是复数概念.如

Halfofhismoneywasspentonbooks.HalfofthebookshereareinEnglish.Halfofthestudentsinourclasslikemath.allof...;aquarterof...和它类似.3.Doctorsusemedicinetohelpsickpeople.use...todosth.意思是用...来做...,如

Weuseourfeetandlegstowalk.sick是形容词,意思是有病的,患病的,可作定语和表语;ill也是形容词,意思相同,但只能作表语;如

Hismotherwassickillinbed.Therearemanysickpeopleinthedoctor'swaitingroom.4.Doyouhaveahatmadeofstraw?madeofstraw是过去分词短语作后置定语,表示被动;如

Doyouknowtheboynamedpeter?Thisisthecameraboughtinjapan.lesson151.Ihavealottowriteabouttoday.towrite

作后置定语,修饰alot,表示没有做,要去做的动作.如

Ihavenothingtosay.Theyfoundaroomtolivein.Shehasnopentowritewith.2.Nowsth.newisgrowingatthetopofthestem.sth.是不定代词,应看作第三人称单数.形容词修饰它时应作后置定语.如

Sth.iswrongwithhiscomputer.Thereissth.importantintoday\\\\\\\\\\\\\'snewspaper.3.Later,theheadwillturnintowheatseeds.turninto...

意思是变成...如

Watercanturnintoo...意思是把...变成...,如

Heatturnswaterintovapor蒸汽.相关的短语有

changeinto...,o....Unit3lesson171.SheplayswithmewhenIcomehomefromschool.playwith...意思是与...玩,玩弄...如

Don'tplaywithfire,it'sdangerous.2.Iwillkeephimundermydesk.keep的意思是使某人

某物保持某种状态或某地位.如

Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.Thesegloveswillkeepyourhandswarm.I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.Youcan'tkeepducksintheclassroom.keep

还有饲养...的意思,如

Hekeepsbees,goatsandhensonhisfarm.3.Iwillneedtoplantatreeinmybedroom.在肯定句中动词

need通常用作行为动词,如

Theyneedtofinishtheprojectontime.Youneedtotakeanumbrellawithyou.在否定句和疑问句中

,need即可用作行为动词,也可以用作情态动词,如

Youneedn'tfinishthatworktoday.=Youdon'tneedtofinishthatworktoday.Doyouneedtogoout?=Needyougoout?need

还可以用作名词,如

Thereisagreatneedforanewbookonthissubject.Thereisnodeedforyoutostartyet.lesson181.Hewastalkingtomymum.Was/were+doing是过去进行时,表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.如

Hewasn'twatchingthehamburgersatthattime.HewascookingsupperwhenIgothome.lesson191.Thezooisopen.open是形容词,意思是开放的,可进入的.如

Thisgardenisopentothepublic.open还可以表示开着的,营业的,等.如

Hesleptintheroomwiththewindowopenlastnight.Theshopisn'topenonsundays.Hiscoatwasopen.Thecagesarebigandopen.2.Ithasallkindsofanimals.allkindsof

意思是各种各样的,如

Allkindsofplantsweredisplayed.differentkindsof...不同种类的...;akindof...一种....;3.We'llneedourcapstoprotectusfromthetectsb.sth.againstromsth.意思是保护

保卫某人或某物不受...的侵害.如

Iwaswearingafurcoattoprotectmyselffromthecold.Winterwheatlyingundersnowisprotectedagainstthecold.4.Zooscanhelppeopletostopanimalsfromgoingextinct.stopsb.fromdoingsth.意思是阻止某人做某事,在主动语态中from可以省去,在被动语态中from不可省去.如

Pleasedon'tstophim(from)playingbasketball.Hewasstoppedfromplayingbasketball.Wealltriedtostophim(from)smokinginbed.lesson201.Iamatthezoowatchingalltheanimals,Iwanttomakefriendswithonetoday.atthezoo在动物园,也可用作inthezoo.makefriendswith...表示与...交朋友.2.Throwsomefoodtotheducksbythewater.Standsostillwhiletheywaddlemyway.by是介词,意思是在...旁边,在...附近.如:Myhouseisbytheriver.still可以作形容词,意思是静止的,不动的;如:KeepstillwhileIcombyourhair.PleasestandstillwhileItakeyourphotograph.still还可以作副词,意思是还,仍然,仍旧;如:Heisstillsleeping.Thefistisstillalive.while是连词,意思是当...的时候;如:ImetafriendwhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet.3.Iwantananimalfriendthatlikestojump

andrun,too.thatlikestojumpandrun是定语从句,修饰先行词ananimalfriend.被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词

,引导定语从句的词叫关系词.先行词是人时,关系词通常用that或whowhom;先行词是事物时,关系词通常用that或which;关系词在从句中除作状语外,可以省去.如:Edison

wasamanwhonevergaveup.SheisthegirlwhomImetattheparty.Thisisthehousewhere(=inwhich)Ilivedlastyear.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisateacher.Thehousewhichstandsonthehillismine.lesson211.Theygothroughtheentrance.through介词,意思是(从...内部)穿过.across指(从...表面上)横过.如:Iwalkedacrossthesquaretothemuseum.Wewalkedthroughtheforest.2.Maybephotoswouldsurprisetheanimals.maybe意思是大概,或许.如:Maybehedoesn'tknowit'sspring.Maybeyouputtheletterinyourpocket.情态动词

may和系动词be一起也可以表示

可能是...的意思.如:Youmayberight.Ican'tfindmywatch.Itmaybeinyourpocket.3.Thendon'ttakephotosofme.takephotosofsb.意思是

给某人照相.4.It'snearlynoon,andhe'sstillsleeping.nearly是副词,意思是

几乎,差不多.如:Hurryup--it'snrarlytimeforschool.nearly和almost都表示

几乎,差不多.在多数情况下,两者之间没有什么差别.一般来说almost所表达的程度比nearly更接近一些.另外,nearly不能用于修饰否定词,但可被not修饰;而almost可以和否定词连用.5.That'swherewegoout.wherewegoout.是表语从句,where是引导词.这样的词还有:wh-,that,because等.如:That'swhathesaid.That'swhyIamsoworried.Thequestioniswhetherourparentswillagree.Theproblemiswhichisheavier.Shelookedasifshewereadoctor.lesson221.Let'splayajokeonsomeonetoday.playajokeonsb.意思是

开某人的玩笑,戏弄某人.如:Weallplayajokeonhim.haveajokewithsb.意思是

与某人一起开某人的玩笑.如:Istoppedtohaveajokewithhim.makeajokeaboutofsb.sth.意思是

拿某人(事)开玩笑.如:Don'tmakeajokeabouthimhisshortcomings.2.Let'stellDannythatthebeargotoutofthezoo.getout(ofsth.)意思是

从...里出来.另外

,这个短语还可以表示

出外走走.如

Welovetogetoutintothecountrysideatweekends.Yououghttogetoutofyourhousemore.getoutofsth.doingsth.意思是

逃避责任或义务,不做份内的事,（使某人）放弃、停止或戒除（习惯等）。如

IwishIcouldgetoutofgoingtothatmeeting.Ican'tgetoutofthehabitofwakingatsixinthemorning.3.Wehearditontheradio.onovertheradio意思是

通过无线电广播。类似的短语有

onthetelephone;onTV.4.There'safiercebearing为现在分词，作bear的定语，有正在到来的意思，相当于定语从句thatiscoming.如

Thereisabaglyingontheground.Therearesomeboysplayingfootballoverthere.5.Youarejoking,aren'tyou?该句是反意疑问句。反意疑问句由两部分组成。前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是简短问句，中间用逗号隔开。前后两部分遵循

两个一致，一个相反

原则。如

Thepenisyours,isn'tit?Heisn'tadoctor,ishe?Yourbrothercanswim,canthe?Youdon'tstudyChinese,doyou?HeneverwatchesTV,doeshe?Therewon'tbeanymeetingsnextweek,willthere?6.Wetrickedoutyou,Danny!trick是动词，意思是欺骗，欺诈。如

Theyoungmantrickedmeoutof50yuan.tricksb.outof+钱数。表示骗取某人多少钱。lesson231.Oneoftheworld'sfirstzooswasin

Egypt,about3500yearsago.ago作副词表示从现在算起的以前；before作副词可表示从过去某一刻算起的以前。如

Imethimthreedaysago.IsaidIhadmethimthreedaysbefore.before后接

时间点，可用于任何时态。如

Shegottotheofficebeforefiveo'clock.Wehopetogethomebeforesixo'clock.2.Nootherpeoplecouldgo.nootherpeople可以说成nobodyelse.如

Nobodyelsecouldgothereexceptkings,queensandimportantpeople.3.Egypt

isfamousforitspyramids.befamouswell-knownfor意思是

以...著名;以...闻名.如

Franceisfamousforitsfoodandwine.Theplaceisfomousforits

hotsprings.befamousas...意思是

作为...职业

身份而著名.如

Heisfamousasawriter.4.Peoplewenttothezootolearnaboutanimals.tolearnaboutanimals是动词不定式作目的状语.如

Hecametogiveusatalkyesterday.Iwenttotheparktobreathethefreshair.5.Zoosaretheonlyplacesthatsomekindsofanimalslivein.thatsomekindsofanimalslivein是定语从句,修饰先行词theonlyplaces.由于先行词前有only,所以关系词只能用that.Unit4lesson251.Ifillajarwithwater.fill...with...意思是

用...装满...befilledwith...=befullof...意思是

充满...如

Onhearingthenews,hereyesarefilledwithtears.Theyfilledtheholewithwater.fillin...

意思是

填上...;填充...;如

Fillintheblanks.2.Then,Iturnthejarupsidedown.upsidedown意思是

向下翻转过来

如

Thatpictureisupsidedown.Youholdthebookupsidedown.rightsideup

意思是

正面朝上.3.Ithinkthefloorwillgetwet.get作系动词,意思是

变得

,后跟形容词作表语.如

Thedaygetslongerinspring.与

get相关的词组有:getalongon(well)with...与...(和睦)相处.如

Iamgettingalongonwellwithmyclassmates.getawayfrom...意思是

逃跑.如Thethiefgotawayfromthepolice.getback意思是

返回;要回或拿回.如

Afteralongholiday,hehadtogetbacktowork.Pleasegetthebookbackforme.getinto...意思是

上车.如

Hegotintothecar.getoff...意思是

下车;从...下来.如

Hegotoffthetrain.getup意思是

起床;起身;站起.如

Hesuddenlygotupfromthechair.Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.gettogether意思是

集合;团聚.如

Wewillgettogetherattheschoolgateandgotothepark.getthrough意思是

用电话联系上...

如

Ioftengetthroughtomyfriends.getto...意思是

到达...

如

WewillgettoBeijingtomorrow.Hewillgethomebyfouro'clockthisafternoon.4.I'msurethefloorwon'tgetwet.sb.besure+that从句,意思是

认为...一定....否定形式是sb.besure+疑问词引导的从句.如

Tomissurethathewillwinthegame.Tomisnotsurewhetherhecanwinthegame.I'mnotsurewhenhe'llcomehere.5.Wecanprovewho'sve是及物动词,意思是

证明,证实.常用于以下结构:provesth.(tosb.);prove(tosb.)that...;prove...(tobe)+adj

.如

Thefacthasprovedtheman'shonestytousall.=Thefacthasprovedtousallthatthemanishonest.=Thefacthasprovedtheman(tobe)ve也可以作不及物动词,意思是

证明

表明(自己)是...,后跟形容词或名词.如

Mytheorywillproverightsomeday.Duringthetrip,heprovedamanwithastrongwill.6.We'lldotheexperimentandobservewhatwillhappen.observe是动词,意思是

观察.observesb.dodoingsth.如

Iobservedherdance.WhenIpassedbythegrass,Iobservedhimwalking.lesson261.Iwillasktheclasstomakeobservationsandguesswhatwillhappen.makeobservations意思是

观察.如

Whiledoingexperiments,youmustmakecarefulobservations.这个短语还有

做观察报告

,评述,评论的意思.如

OurgeographyteacherhasjustmadesomeinterestingobservationsonAfrica.observation也可以用作不可数名词.如

Sheisinhospitalunderobservation.

lesson271.Next,Brianwilltakehishandoffthecardboard.takesth.offsth.意思是使某物离开或脱离...如

Wouldyoumindtakingyourfootoffmyhand?takeoff意思是

起飞;脱下;匆忙离去.如

Theplanetookoffat

7a.m.Takeoffyourshoes,please.Hetookoffforthestationinahurry.2.Theforceisstrongenoughtoholdthewater.adjadv+enoughtodosth.意思是

足够...以至于能做某事.如

Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyissooldthathecangotoschool.=Heissuchanoldboythathecangotoschool.enough作副词,要放在被修饰的形容词和副词之后;作形容词,通常放在被修饰的名词之前.如

Thishallislargeenoughtoholdtwothousandpeople.Hewalksfastenoughtobehereintime.Hedoes'thaveenoughmoneytogofortraveling.I'msoory,butIhaven'tenoughtimetodothejob.3.AirisstrongerthanIthought!than可作连词或介词,用于引入比较级的后半部分,表示

比...;如

Sheisabetterplayerthanshewaslastyear.Heistallerthanme.HegetsupearlierthanI(do).ratherthan意思是

宁愿...,不愿...;与其...不如...

如

Iwouldratherstayathomethangoout.4.Puteightspoonfulsofcornstarchintothebowl.spoonful是可数名词,意思是

一勺的量.如

aspoonfulofsugar.类似的还有

twocupfulsofmilk;afewmouthfulsoftea;ahandfulofflowers.lesson281.Thattastessogreat.taste作系动词,后接形容词作表语,意思是

尝起来...如

Themeattastesgood.Ittastesbetterthanlooks.2.AndIwilleatuntilmyplateisempty.延续性动词

+untilill...表示

一直...直到...为止.如

You'dbetterwaituntilhecomesback.IwillwatchTVuntilmyfathercomesback.我一直看电视直到我爸爸回来为止.瞬间性动词

延续性动词+not+untilill...表示

直到...才...如

Iwon'twatchTVuntilmyfathercomesback.我直到爸爸回来才看电电视.Ididn'tgotobeduntilmyfathercameback.我直到爸爸回来才睡觉.Hedidn'tgooutuntilhefinishedhishomework.他直到完成作业才出去.另

,untilill作连词时,引导时间状语从句,当主句是一般将来时时,从句要用一般现在时来代替.如

Ishallwaithereuntilhearrives.Iwillwaituntilhereturns.lesson291.Dannyisatthepark.atthepark=inthepark2.Debbiewillhavefunlookingforthem.havefun相当于enjoyoneself意思是

玩得高兴,过得愉快.如

Wehadlotsoffunonthesportsgroundtoday.=Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchonthesportsgroundtoday.havefundoingsth.表示

做某事有乐趣.Itis(not)funtododoingsth.=Thereismuch

ofunindoingsth.意思是

做...有(无)乐趣.如

Itisfuntocookamealmyself.=There\\\\\\\\\\\\\'smuchfunincookingamealmyself.Thereisnotmuchfuningoingtoapartyalone.=It'snotfuntogotoapartyalong.3.Ican'tmakeeggs.makeeggs意思是

产卵,下蛋.还可以说成layeggs.4.Canyoufindthem?辨析

:find,lookfor,findout,huntforfind强调找的结果,意思是

找到.如

Hefoundhislostpen.lookfor

强调动作的过程,意思是

寻找.如

Heislookingforhislostpen.findout

强调(经过一番努力之后)找到...;查明....Atlast,theyfoundoutwhostolethebike.huntforsb.sth.意思是

寻找某人或某物.与lookfor同义.如

Thepolicearehuntingforthethief.5.Nowmybasketisfullofeggs.befullof...意思是

充满...=befilledwith...如

Thebusisfullofpeople.=Thebusisfilledwithpeople.lesson301.Fillthedishhalffullofwater.half是副词,意思是

部分地,一半地,差不多.如

Thebottleisonlyhalffull.half也可作形容词,名词,意思是

半个的,一半的,一半.如

halfayear=ahalfyear;halfanhour=ahalfhour;Halfofthemarealreadyhere.Twohalvesmakeawhole.2.Tomakeacandleburn,you"light"it.makelethavesth.sb.dosth.意思是

使某物或某人做某事.如

Letthecandleburnfortwoorthreeminutes.3.Asthecandleburns,itusesupoxygenintheair.1)as作连词的各种用法as...as...结构中第二个as是连词,它往往连接一个不完整的句子,表示比较,意思是

和...一样...;像...一样....如

Johnisashealthyashissister.表示方式

,意思是

像,按照,如同.如

RunasIdo.Leaveitasitis.表示时间

,意思是

当...的时候,一边...一边...,随着.如

Shesangassheworked.Isawhimashewasgettingoffthebus.Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.表示原因

,意思是

因为.如

Asyouaretired,youbadbetterrest.表示让步

,意思是

虽然,尽管.如

Richasheis,heisnothappy.MuchasIlikeit,Iwillnotbuyit.2)usesth.up意思是

用尽...,利用...;如

Sheusedupthechickenbonestomakesoup.Whenthecandlestopsburning,ithasusedupalltheoxygenintheair.4.Thereisaboutone-fifthoxygenintheair,sothewaterrisesandfillsaboutone-fifthofthejar.分数的表达形式:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母加s.概括为口诀:分子基,分母序.分子>1,分母加s.如

1/2=one/ahalf=onesecond=one-second;1/3=onethird=one-third;2/3=twothirds=two-thirds;1/4=one/aquarter=one-quarter;3/4=threequarters=three-quarters;3/5=threefifths=three-fifths;5.Thecandleholderis"holding"thecandle.hold为动词,意思是

拿,抓,握,抱,保持,容纳.如

ShallIholdyourbag?Heheldabookinhishand.Heheldhisheadup.Idon'tthinkthecarwillholdyouall.lesson311.Doyouwanttosurpriseyourfriends?surprise是动词,意思是

使惊奇,使感到意外.如

Itsurprisedmetoseesomanypeoplehere.它还可以作名词

,意思是

惊奇,惊讶,诧异,意外之事.常用的有两个短语:toone'ssurprise;insurprise.如

Tomysurprisetheplansucceeded.ShelookedupinsurprisewhenIentered.surprise对应的形容词有两个:surprised和surprising.surprised意思是

感到惊奇的.如

Wearesurprisedatthenews.Areyousurprised,class?WeweresurprisedtolearnthathewasFrench.surprising意思是

使人惊讶的,出人意料的,惊人的.如

Weknewthesurprisingfact.Wearesurprisedatthesurprisingnews.2.Thecardboardwillhold

thewaterup.holdthewaterup=keepthewaterinthejar.3.Itpushesdownonusfromabove.Italsopushesuponusfrombelow.Intheexperiment,airpushesuponthecardboard.pushesup/downonsb./sth.意思的

向上或下推在...上;给...一个向上或下的推动力.3.Scienceiseresting形容词,意思是

有趣的.常用来形容事物.如

It'saninterestingerested形容词,意思是

对...感兴趣.常用来形容人.如

Areyouinterestedinhistory?be/becomeinterestedinsth./doingsth.对(做)...感兴趣.如

Webecameinterestedintheinterestingstory.Unit5lesson331.Icangoalmostanywhereonfoot.anywhere在否定句中表示

什么地方,某地.相当于由somewhere变化而来.如

Didyougoanywhereyesterday?anywhere在肯定句中表示

任何地方.如

Youcangoanywhereyoulike.2.Butthatwouldtakealongtime.这里

would表示

假想,猜测,推断.如

Iknowyouwouldn'tgetlost.take表示

花费,常用于句型:Ittakes/tooksb.+时间或钱+todosth.如

Ittakesusthreehourstoflyto

Guangzhou.take还可以表示

乘坐....如

Iwouldtakeatrain.ShallItakeaplanetothebakery?3.Iseldomtakeaship.Iwouldlikeamorerapidtypeoftransportation.seldom意思是

很少,不常,难得.一般不用比较级和最高级,可用very修饰.在句首时,句子要倒装.如

SeldomdidIhearofherlastyear=Iseldomheardofherlastyear.morerapid=rapider是rapid的比较级,意思是

更快的.type=kind,意思是

类型,种类,样式.如

Cottonisatypeofmaterial.Idon'tenjoythattypeofshow.lesson341.Inthe1760s,ascientistin

England

inventedawaytoputsteamenginesandwheelstogether.inthe1760s意思是

在18世纪60年代,也就是1760年-1769年.如

the1990s

其前要用介词ininvent是动词,意思是

发明.其对应的名词是invention和inventor.如

Theinventorinventedtwonewinventionslastyear.put...together意思是

装配,组成,凑成,把...组装起来.如

Let'sputateamtogether.puttwoandtwotogether意思是

(根据所见或所闻等)推测出真相.putour/your/theirheadstogether意思是

交流思想,交换意见,合议.2.Manytrainstationswerebuilttomakeiteasierforpassengerstogetonandoffthetrains.geton/off...意思是上下(公共汽车,火车,轮船,飞机等);getin(to)/outof...意思是上/下小汽车,电梯等3.Earlytrains,liketheRocket,hadatopspeedof50kilometresperhour.top在这里是名词作定语,意思是

顶部的,最高的,最上面的.如

Putitinthetopdrawer.to