2022年湖南省常德市高二下学期期末考试英语试题 （不含听力音频）

2021-2022学年湖南省常德市高二下学期期末考试英语试题满分：150分时量：120分钟第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2021AdmissionGuideforInternationalStudentsofBeijingForeignStudiesUniversityAboutBFSUEnrollmentBFSUenrollsinternationalstudentsintofull-timedegreeprograms.Degreeprogramsincludebachelor’sprograms,master’sprogramsandPhDprograms.BFSUgrantsBFSUdiplomastothestudentswhomeettherequirementsforgraduationbythedesignateddeadline,anddegreecertificatestothosewhomeettherequirementsofthedegreeprograms.BFSUenrollsbothliberalartsstudentsandsciencestudentsfromallovertheworld.SemesterAtBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity,eachacademicyearisdividedintospringandautumnsemesters.AutumnsemesteroftenstartsinSeptemberandendsinJanuarynextyear,whilespringsemesterusuallylastsfromFebruarytillJuly.ExactstartingandfinishingdatesofeachsemesteraresubjecttoBFSUacademiccalendar.DegreeProgramsBachelor’sprogramsDuration:4years.Studentswillbeawardeddiplomasuponsuccessfulcompletionofrequiredcourses,thethesis,andtheoraldefenseofthethesis.Thosewhofulfiltherequirementsforbachelor’sdegreewillalsobeawardedadegreecertificate.Master’sprogramsDuration:2or3years,dependingonthemajor.Studentswillbeawardeddiplomasandcertificatesformaster’sdegreeafteracquiringallcredits,finishingthethesisaswellastheoraldefenseofthethesis.PhDprogramsDuration:3years.Studentswillbeawardeddiplomasandcertificatesfordoctoraldegreeinthecaseofacquiringallcredits,certainachievementsinscientificresearch,andfinishingthePhDdissertationaswellastheoraldefenseofthethesis.1.Howlongdoeseachacademicyearusuallylast?A.About6months. B.About10months.C.About5months. D.About13months.2.Whatdoalldegreeprogramshaveincommon?A.BothChineseandforeignerscanapplyforthedegreeprograms.B.Thosewhogetdiplomasmustbeawardeddegreecertificates.C.Allprogramsneedstudentstostudyforthesameperiodoftime.D.Allprogramsrequirestudentstofulfilanoraldefenseofthethesis.3.What’sspecialaboutPhDprograms?A.Full-timePhDdegreeprogramswillbeprovided.B.Studentsshouldstudyforthreeyearstobequalifiedforthedegree.C.Studentsshouldgaincertainachievementsinscientificresearch.D.PhDprogramsenrollbothliberalartsandsciencestudents.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章是北京外国语大学国际生的录取指南。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章Semester部分中“AtBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity,eachacademicyearisdividedintospringandautumnsemesters.AutumnsemesteroftenstartsinSeptemberandendsinJanuarynextyear,whilespringsemesterusuallylastsfromFebruarytillJuly.(在北京外国语大学，每学年分为春季和秋季两个学期。秋季学期通常从9月开始到明年1月结束，而春季学期通常从2月持续到7月)”可知，每个学年从9月开始，到7月结束，可推知，每学年通常持续大约10个月。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Bachelor’sprograms部分中“Studentswillbeawardeddiplomasuponsuccessfulcompletionofrequiredcourses,thethesis,andtheoraldefenseofthethesis.(学生完成必修课程、毕业论文及论文答辩后，可获得毕业证书)”和Master’sprograms部分中“finishingthethesisaswellastheoraldefenseofthethesis.(完成论文和论文的口头答辩)”及PhDprograms部分中“finishingthePhDdissertationaswellastheoraldefenseofthethesis(完成博士论文及论文口头答辩)”可知，所有学位课程的共同点是都要求学生完成论文的口头答辩。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章PhDprograms部分中“Studentswillbeawardeddiplomasandcertificatesfordoctoraldegreeinthecaseofacquiringallcredits,certainachievementsinscientificresearch,andfinishingthePhDdissertationaswellastheoraldefenseofthethesis.(学生要取得全部学分，取得一定科研成果，完成博士学位论文及论文口头答辩，才会被授予博士学位证书)”可知，博士课程的特别之处是学生应该在科研方面取得一定的成绩。故选C项。BPhotosofthemoonarebeautifuliftakenwell,butitcanbeveryhardtogetapictureofthemoonthatdoesn'tlookblurry!Inordertotakeaperfectpictureofthemoon,apartfromahigh­qualitycamera,theassociatedequipmentandtheskillstosetupyourcamera,youalsoneedtopickapropertimeandagoodplace.Chooseyourfavoritemoonphase.Themooncanbephotographedinanyphaseexceptthenewmoon,whichisnotvisibletoEarth.Thefirstquarter,half,andthirdquarterphasesprovidehighcontrastthatallowsyoutoseethecraters(坑)ingreaterdetail,whilethefullmoonisadramaticchoiceforaskyscraper.Whatphaseyouchooseisuptoyourpersonalpreference,butit'sbesttohaveaphasechosenbeforegoingouttophotographthemoon.Learnwhenthemoonrisesandsets.Whenthemoonsetsorrisesitisclosertothehorizon,makingitappearlargerandcloser.Thismakesitmucheasiertophotograph!Checkanalmanac(年历)oraweatherappformoonrisingandsettingtimesinyourarea.Pickaclearnight.Clouds,fog,andairpollutionwillbluryourphotographs.Checkaweatherapporwatchtheweatherforecastbeforeleavingforyoursessionandwhilephotographing.Aclearnightwithlowsmogcontentandnorainisbestformoonphotography.Choosealocationawayfromdirectlightsources.Themoonappearsbrightbecauseitreflectsthelightofthesun,andadditionallightfromstreetlights,homes,andcarscanmakethemoonappeardullerandblurrierinpictures.Itisfineifthereislightinthedistance,butbesurethatyouarenotphotographingclosetoanotherlightsource.4.Whichhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“blurry”？A.Unclear. B.Transparent.C.Confusing. D.Ugly.5.Whyisthenewmoonnotaperfectchoicewhentakingaphotoofthemoon?A.Becausethenewmoonisnotenjoyedbymostpeople.B.Becausethenewmoonisvisiblyseenfromtheearth.C.Becauseitappearsattheearliesttimeofamonth.D.Becausethenewmooncan'tbephotographedonEarth.6.Whichofthefollowingisnotamusttotakeaperfectphotoofthemoon?A.Ahigh­qualitycamera. B.Theskillstosetupthecamera.C.Aweatherapp. D.Asuitablelocation.7.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howtoselectacameraforaperfectmoonphoto.B.Howtopickatimeandplaceforaperfectmoonphoto.C.Whatthenecessaryskillsaretotakeaperfectmoonphoto.D.Whythenewmoonisabadchoiceforaperfectmoonphoto.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。自古以来，月亮对人类有着神秘的吸引力，观望月球、给月亮拍照便是人类了解月亮的主要手段。本文就如何给月亮拍出一张完美的照片向我们提出几点建议。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据本文第一句中的转折连词but可知，blurry的意思应该与前文Photosofthemoonarebeautiful意思相反。且本文多次出现了blurry的派生词，如倒数第二段第二句中的bluryourphotographs和最后一段第二句中的appeardullerandblurrier，根据这些信息可知，blurry的意思是“模糊不清的”，故答案为A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Themooncanbephotographedinanyphaseexceptthenewmoon,whichisnotvisibletoEarth.“除了对地球不可见的新月，月球可以在任何阶段被拍摄。”可知，新月在地球上是看不见的，不能够被拍到，故答案为D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第四句Checkanalmanac(年历)oraweatherappformoonrisingandsettingtimesinyourarea.“查看你所在地区的历书或天气应用程序，了解月亮升起和落下的时间。”和第四段第三句Checkaweatherapporwatchtheweatherforecastbeforeleavingforyoursessionandwhilephotographing.“查看天气应用程序或观看天气预报，在你离开去参加您的集会之前或者在拍摄时。”可知，在了解月亮升落或挑选晴朗夜晚时，年历和天气预报都能代替天气软件，因此C项不是必需的。【7题详解】主旨大意题。本文的结构是“总——分”型，第一段的尾句Itisfineifthereislightinthedistance,butbesurethatyouarenotphotographingclosetoanotherlightsource.“如果远处有光是可以的，但是要确保你不是在靠近另一个光源的地方拍照。”是从总到分的过渡句，也是主题句，概括了文章的主要内容，由此可知答案为B。【点睛】做词义猜测题时，利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键。最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义。尤其要抓住所需推断词汇前后的内容。本题第1小题，根据本文第一句中的转折连词but可知，blurry的意思应该与前文Photosofthemoonarebeautiful意思相反。且本文多次出现了blurry的派生词，如倒数第二段第二句中的bluryourphotographs和最后一段第二句中的appeardullerandblurrier，根据这些信息可知，blurry的意思是“模糊不清的”，故答案为A。CInthestoryof“ThecrowandthePitcher”fromAesop’sFables,athistycrow(乌鸦)dropsstonesintoanarrowjartoraisethelowlevelofwaterinsidesohecantakeadrink.Nowscientistshaveevidencetobackupthatstory.Crowsactuallydounderstandhowtomakewaterdisplacement(移位)worktotheiradvantage,experimentsshow.Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.Researchers,ledbySarahJelbertattheUniversityofAucklandinNewZealand,presentedsixcrowswithtubesfilledwithwater.Insidethetubes,awormorpieceofmeatonapieceofwoodwasfloating,justoutofreachofthecrow.Infrontofthetubes,theresearchersarrangedseveralrubbererasersthatwouldsink,andsomeplasticobjectsthatwouldfloat.Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.However,thebirdshandledawkwardlyinexperimentsinwhichtheycouldchoosetodropobjectsineitherawidetubeoranarrowonetogetasnack,theresearcherssaid.Droppingobjectsintonarrowtubewouldliftthewaterlevelbyagreateramountandputthetreatwithinreachafterjusttwodrops;whileittookaroundsevendropstoraisethesnacktothesamelevelinthewidetube.Thecrowsobviouslydidn’trealizethis,andmostofthemwentforthewidetubefirst.Previousstudiesshowedthatchimpsandhumanchildrencansolvesimilartasks.Ina2011study,chimpsandkidsfoundoutthattheycouldputwaterintoatubetoreachapeanutthatwasfloatinginasmallamountofwateratthebottom.8.HowdidthecrowsgetthesnackinSarah’sexperiment?A.Bybreakingthetube.B.Bydroppinginerasers.C.Bystandingonthewood.D.Byremovingthewood.9.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thebirdshandledawkwardly”inparagraph4?A.Theywereunabletotelldifferentshapes.B.Theydroppedobjectsonlyintonarrowtubes.C.Theywerenotawareofthesnackatfirstsight.D.Theymostlyavoidedtheeasierwaytogetthesnack.10.Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A.StoriesofAesop’sFables.B.Thedevelopmentofcrows.C.Crows’intelligence.D.Human-animalcommunication.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Crowsarealmostascleverasfirst-gradersinsomerespects.B.Crowsunderstandwaterdisplacementcompletely.C.Chimpsandchildrenaremuchsmarterthancrows.D.Thestoryof“ThecrowandthePitcher”lacksevidence.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇科普类文章。文章主要讲了科学家通过喝水实验对乌鸦智商的研究。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.”可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管子里，使食物浮起，然后吃到食物。所以选项B正确。【9题详解】语句猜测题。从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然细管比粗管需要更少的水和时间就可以把食物浮起来，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易浮起食物的细管。由此可知，这一句话的意思应该是“鸟儿大多没有选择更容易的方式得到零食”。所以答案选D。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.”以及后面的几个实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。所以答案选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst-graders.”可知，鸟儿在一些方面几乎跟一年级小学生一样聪明，所以选项A正确。根据第四段的实验可知，乌鸦并不能很好的理解排水量问题，所以选项B错误。根据最后一段的实验可知，黑猩猩和儿童跟乌鸦一样可以解决类似的问题，这不能说明他们比乌鸦聪明，所以选项C错误。第二段第一句“Nowscientistshaveevidencetobackupthatstory.”可知，科学家们已经有关于这则寓言的证据了。所以选项D错误。【点睛】语句猜测题要求考生根据语境的意义，判断划线的短语和句子在文中的指代含义。考生虽然可能这一句话的每个单词都认识，但并不是直白的翻译出来就可以。必须结合上下文的逻辑关系和文章的语境，来判断该语句的深层含义或者说是“言外之义”。例如本文的第二题，“thebirdshandledawkwardly”这句话直译过来就是“鸟儿的操作很笨拙”，但是显然题目的答案中没有这一选项。这时我们就要找出它的深层含义，根据下文的实验，我们发现在面对粗细不同的两只管子时，乌鸦们大多选择粗管，而没有选择更容易的细管，也就是没有使用更容易的方式得到零食。这时我们就可以找到最符合题意的答案:选项D（它们大多避免了更容易得到零食的方式）。DItsoundsalmosttoogoodtobetrue,butanewstudyonsleepingbrainssuggeststhatlisteningtolanguageswhileyousleepcanactuallyhelpyoutolearnthem.“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatthesleepingbraincanactuallyencode(编码)newinformationandstoreitforalongterm,”saidMarclust,co-first-authorofthepaper.Forthestudy,researchersplayedrecordingsofforeignwordsandtheirtranslationstosleepingsubjectsenjoyingdeepsleep,astagewhenapersonhaslittleconsciousness(意识)oftheirenvironment.Toensurethattheresultswerenotcompromisedbyforeignlanguagewordsthatsubjectsmayhavehadsomeconnectionwithatsomepointintheirwakinglives,researchersmadeuptotallyartificialforeignwords.Whenthesubjectswokeup,theywerepresentedwiththeartificialwordsagainwithouttheirtranslations.Thesubjectswerethenaskedtoimaginewhethertheymeantanobjectthatwassmallerorlargerthanashoebox.Unbelievably,thesubjectswereabletocorrectlyclassifythewordsinthiswayatanaccuracyratethatwas10percenthigherthanrandomchance.That’snotaratehighenoughtohavethemsuddenlyspeakinaforeigntongue,butitisenoughtosuggestthatthebrainisstillabsorbinginformationonsomelevel,evenduringsleep.“Ifyoupresent‘biktum’and‘bird’tosleepinghumans,theirbrainscanmakeanewconnectionbetweentheknownconcept‘bird’andthecompletelynewandunknownword‘biktum’,”Züstexplained.“Thissleep-formedmemorytrace(痕迹)lastsuntilthefollowingwakefulnessandcaninfluencehowyoureactto‘biktum’eventhoughyouthinkyou’venevermetwiththatwordbefore.“Ifinditamazingthathumansarecompetentatsuchcomplexinformationprocessingwithoutconsciousness,”saidZüst.Thenextstepforresearcherswillhetoseeifnewinformationcanbeacquiredquickerduringwakefulnessifitisalreadypresentedduringsleep.Ifso,itcouldforeverchangehowwetrainourbrainstolearnnewthings.Sleeplearningmightbecomeawidespreadpractice.12.Whatcanwedoaccordingtothenewstudy?A.Improveourmemorygreatly.B.Learnlanguageswhilesleeping.C.Changeoursleepinapositiveway.DSpeaknewvocabularyduringdeepsleep.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2referto?A.Thenativewords. B.Therecordings.C.Theartificialwords. D.Thetranslations.14.Howdidtheauthorrespondtothefindingsofthestudy?A.Doubtful. B.Confused.C.Slightlydisappointed. D.Pleasantlysurprised.15.Whatwillresearchersfocusonintheirnextresearch?A.Discoveringacureformemorydecline.B.Promotingthewidespreaduseofsleeplearning.C.Findingwhethertolearnfasterusingdeepsleep.DResearchingwaystolearnbetterduringwakefulness.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了最新的研究表明，睡觉时听外语能帮助我们学习语言。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Itsoundsalmosttoogoodtobetrue,butanewstudyonsleepingbrainssuggeststhatlisteningtolanguageswhileyousleepcanactuallyhelpyoutolearnthem.(听起来好得令人难以置信，但一项关于睡眠中的大脑的新研究表明，在睡觉时听语言确实有助于你学习这些语言)”可知，根据新的研究我们睡觉时可以学习语言。故选B。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Whenthesubjectswokeup,theywerepresentedwiththeartificialwordsagainwithouttheirtranslations.(当受试者醒来时，他们再次看到人造单词，但没有翻译)”可知，they指代上文中提到的复数名词theartificialwords。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Unbelievably,thesubjectswereabletocorrectlyclassifythewordsinthiswayatanaccuracyratethatwas10percenthigherthanrandomchance.(令人难以置信的是，受试者能够以这种方式正确地对单词进行分类，其准确率比随机概率高出10%)”可知，作者对研究的发现感到很惊喜。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thenextstepforresearcherswillhetoseeifnewinformationcanbeacquiredquickerduringwakefulnessifitisalreadypresentedduringsleep.(研究人员的下一步将是，如果新信息已经在睡眠中呈现，那么在清醒状态下是否能更快地获得这些信息)”可知，在他们的下一步研究中，研究人员专注于寻找是否可以利用深度睡眠更快地学习。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheWaystoAvoidFightingwithYourMomLifeisastruggle,butifyouhaveabadrelationshipwithyourmother,youshouldcoolyourpassion,becausemother-childrenrelationshipsareveryimportant.___16___Don'tgiveherthesilenttreatment.Ifyouthinkthatthesilenttreatmentwillalwayshelpyouachieveadesirableresult,thenyou'remistaken.___17___Byallmeans,youshouldtakeimmediateactiontostopthiscoldwar.Avoiddeeplyrudewords.Ifyou'requarrelingwithyourmother,youshouldbecarefulwithwhatyousaytoher.___18___Althoughyou'llapologizeforyourbadbehavior,thewordsyou'veexpressedandthefeelingofhatewillliveinherheartforever.Don'tdrawotherfamilymembersintoaconflict.Saythatyouhaveaterriblehabitofdrawingyourbrotheranddadintoconflictbetweenyouandyourmother.___19___Asaresult,smallandunimportantmother-childfightswillgrowintolong-lastingfamilyconflict.You'lllearnabiglessonandrealizeyourbadtempermakesyourfamilysuffer.___20___Lackofcommunicationbetweenmothersandchildrencancreateemotionalobstaclesandevencausefrequentquarrels.Whenyoufinallyfindthereason,you'llbeabletoovercomemisunderstandingincommunicationwithyourmotherandbridgethegenerationgapinaquiteshortperiodoftime.A.Refusetogetcrazy.B.Improveyourcommunication.C.Youshouldn'tburstintotearsinfrontofyourmother.D.Sure,yourmomwillrefusetocommunicatewithyouaswell.E.Herearesomewaysthatwillhelpyouavoidfightingwithyourmother.F.Youwantthemtosupportyouandhelpyoufindabeneficialsolutionforeachother.G.Sometimesyourwordscanbeeitheraperfectpainrelieveroraterriblesharpsword.【答案】16.E17.D18.G19.F20.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种避免与你的母亲发生争执的方法。【16题详解】通过文章第一段第一句“Lifeisastruggle,butifyouhaveabadrelationshipwithyourmother,youshouldcoolyourpassion,becausemother-childrenrelationshipsareveryimportant.（生活是一场斗争，但是如果你和母亲的关系不好，你应该冷静下来，因为母子关系非常重要。）”与E项“这儿就有一些方法将帮助你避免与你的母亲发生争执”承上启下。someways呼应下文的各个小标题。故选E项。【17题详解】文章第二段第一句“Ifyouthinkthatthesilenttreatmentwillalwayshelpyouachieveadesirableresult,thenyou'remistaken.（如果你认为这样的沉默对待能够帮助你实现自己想要的结果，那你就错了）”说明与母亲吵架后冷战是一种错误决定；再结合后文“Byallmeans,youshouldtakeimmediateactiontostopthiscoldwar.（无论如何，你们应该立即采取行动制止这场冷战。）”可知设空处指出冷战的缺点，D项“当然，你的母亲也会拒绝与你交流”符合文意。故选D项。【18题详解】根据文章第三段Althoughyou'llapologizeforyourbadbehavior,thewordsyou'veexpressedandthefeelingofhatewillliveinherheartforever.（尽管你会为你的不良行为道歉，但你所说的话和仇恨的感觉将永远留在她的心里。）可知吵架时说的粗鲁的话会使亲人受到伤害。与G项“有时候你的话可能是很好的缓解器或者是可怕的武器”逻辑一致，aterriblesharpsword呼应thewordsyou'veexpressedandthefeelingofhatewillliveinherheartforever。故选G项。【19题详解】第四段第一句“Saythatyouhaveaterriblehabitofdrawingyourbrotheranddadintoconflictbetweenyouandyourmother.（假设你习惯把哥哥或父亲牵涉进你和母亲之间的冲突中）”与F项“你想让他们支持和帮助你找到有利双方的解决办法”语义衔接，且F项中“them”指代的是上文的“brotheranddad”，符合文意。故选F项。【20题详解】根据文章第五段第一句“Lackofcommunicationbetweenmothersandchildrencancreateemotionalobstaclesandevencausefrequentquarrels.(母亲与孩子之间缺乏交流可能会引起情绪上的障碍甚至引起不断地争吵)”可知，B项“增强你们之间的沟通”对本段的概括最为准确,且B项中的“communication”与下文communication呼应。故选B项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasawindydayinDecember.Alittlegirlwas____21____outsidewithasign“HomelessandHungry”.Thecardboardsignwastheonlyprotectionshehasfromthecold.Sheremainedseatedonthesidewalkwithabowelbesideher.Manypeoplewalkedpastthegirlwithouteven____22____her.Awomanslowlywalkeduptothegirland____23____bentover.Thewomanaskedifshewashomeless.Thelittlegirlonly____24____bysimplyshrugginghershoulders.TheladythenaskedifshewasOK,andthegirlshruggedhershouldersonceagain.Thewomanwasvery____25____andtriedtoaskthegirlwhyshedidn'thaveanywheretogo.Again,thelittlegirlshruggedhershoulders.Thewomaneventually____26____anddroppedsomecoinsinthecup.Thegirlwas____27____onceagainandlookedhopefullydownthestreettoseeifanyonewascomingtoherway.Afewminuteslater,thesamewomanwalkedtowardsher,carryingtwopackages.Thewomanthen____28____herselfnexttothegirlandaskedhowshewasdoing.However,allthequestionswent____29____.Thewomanthengaveherthetwopackagesoffoodandsaidthatshehadnomoreto_____30_____.Thegirlremainedsilentasamansteppedtowardsthe_____31_____woman.He_____32_____itwasasocialexperiment,andthatthegirlwasn'tactually_____33_____.Buttohisgreat_____34_____,helearnedthattheladyhadgiveneverythingshehadto_____35_____thegirl—shewashomelessherself!21.A.wandering B.crying C.sleeping D.sitting22.A.wavingat B.glancingat C.laughingat D.pointingat23.A.impatiently B.secretly C.softly D.nervously24.A.continued B.admitted C.responded D.analyzed25.A.confused B.ambitious C.casual D.particular26.A.ranout B.turnedup C.shoutedout D.gaveup27.A.alone B.free C.cold D.curious28.A.sheltered B.lowered C.enjoyed D.covered29.A.understandable B.together C.wrong D.unanswered30.A.sell B.waste C.offer D.complain31.A.kind B.ridiculous C.desperate D.mysterious32.A.agreed B.explained C.supposed D.hoped33.A.careless B.aggressive C.homeless D.embarrassed34.A.excitement B.astonishment C.disappointment D.amusement35.A.change B.resist C.transform D.help【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.C25.A26.D27.A28.B29.D30.C31.A32.B33.C34.B35.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位女士在自己无家可归的情况下倾尽所有来帮助一个流浪的小女孩，最后她得知，小女孩并不是真的在无家可归，这只是一个社会实验。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个小女孩坐在外面，手里拿着“无家可归、饥肠辘辘”的牌子。A.wandering漫游；B.crying哭喊；C.sleeping睡觉；D.sitting坐。根据下文“Sheremainedseatedonthesidewalk”可知，此处指小女孩举着牌子坐在外面。故选D项。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多人从这个女孩身边走过，看也不看她一眼。A.wavingat挥手；B.glancingat看一下；C.laughingat嘲笑；D.pointingat指着。根据上文“withabowelbesideher”以及“Manypeoplewalkedpastthegirlwithouteven”可推知，没人愿意在小女孩身边停留去看她一眼。故选B项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一个女人慢慢地走到女孩跟前，轻轻地弯下腰。A.impatiently不耐烦地；B.secretly秘密地；C.softly轻轻地；D.nervously紧张地。根据上文“slowlywalkeduptothegirl”以及并列连词“and”可知，空处和前面的slowly并列，形容那个女人动作很轻柔，所以用softly，表示她轻轻地弯下腰。故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：小女孩只是简单地耸了耸肩膀作为回应。A.continued继续；B.admitted承认；C.responded回应；D.analyzed分析。根据上文“Thewomanaskedifshewashomeless.”可知，此处指小女孩对那位女士的问题进行回应。故选C项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女人非常困惑，试图问女孩为什么没有地方可去。A.confused困惑的；B.ambitious有野心的；C.casual随意的；D.particular特别的。根据上文“TheladythenaskedifshewasOK,andthegirlshruggedhershouldersagain.”可知，女人再三询问女孩却没有得到答案，所以她应该感到困惑。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位女士最终放弃了，在杯子里扔了一些硬币。A.ranout用完；B.turnedup出现；C.shoutedout大喊；D.gaveup放弃。根据上文“Again,thelittlegirlshruggedhershoulders.Thewomaneventually”可知，女人问了好几个问题，小女孩都没有回答，所以可以推断，那个女人最终放弃了问小女孩问题。故选D项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女孩又孤身一人了，她满怀希望地望着街道，看看有没有人朝她走来。A.free自由的；B.alone独自一人；C.cold寒冷的；D.curious好奇的。根据下文“Thewomaneventually___6___anddroppedsomecoinsinthecup.”可知，那个女人走了，所以小女孩又独自一人了。故选A项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，那位妇女坐到小女孩身边，问她过得怎么样。A.sheltered躲避；B.lowered降低；C.enjoyed享受；D.covered覆盖。根据下文“nexttothegirl”可知，女人应该是坐了下来和女孩说话。故选B项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，所有的问题都没有得到回答。A.understandable可以理解的；B.together新潮的；C.wrong错误的；D.unanswered未答复的。根据下文“Thegirlremainedsilent”以及语境可知，女人问小女孩的所有问题都没有得到回答。故选D项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：女人把那两包食物给了她，说她再也没有东西给她了。A.sell出售；B.waste浪费；C.offer提供；D.complain抱怨。根据“gaveherthetwopackagesoffoodandsaidthatshehadnomore”可推知，女人应该是把自己所有的食物都给了女孩，所以她再没有东西可提供了。故选C项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女孩保持着沉默，这时一个男人向这位善良的女人走去。A.kind善良的；B.ridiculous荒唐的；C.desperate绝望的；D.mysterious神秘的。根据上文“Thewomanthengaveherthetwopackagesoffoodandsaidthatshehadnomoretooffer.”以及语境可知，这位女士看到寒风中的小女孩之后表示关心，并且把自己所有的食物都给了她，因此可以推断她是一个善良的人。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释说这是一个社会实验，女孩并不是真的无家可归。A.agreed同意；B.explained解释；C.supposed认为；D.hoped希望。根据下文“itwasasocialexperiment”可知，此处指走过来的那位男士对眼前的情况进行解释，说这是一个社会实验。故选B项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他解释说这是一个社会实验，女孩并不是真的无家可归。A.careless粗心的；B.aggressive有攻击性的；C.homeless无家可归的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“itwasasocialexperiment”可知，过来的那位男士对眼前的情况进行解释，说这是一个社会实验，可推知，那个小女孩并不是真的无家可归。故选C项。34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但令他大为吃惊的是，他得知那位女士为帮助那个女孩付出了一切——她自己也是无家可归的人!A.excitement激动；B.astonishment吃惊；C.disappointment失望；D.amusement娱乐。根据下文“helearnedthattheladyhadgiveneverythingshehadto___15___thegirl—shewashomelessherself!”可知，那位女士在自己无家可归的情况下拿出一切来帮助小女孩，这是令人吃惊的。故选B项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但令他大为吃惊的是，他得知那位女士为帮助那个女孩付出了一切——她自己也是无家可归的人!A.change改变；B.resist抵制；C.transform使改观；D.help帮助。根据“Thewomanthengaveherthetwopackagesoffoodandsaidthatshehadnomoreto___10___.”可知，那位女士倾尽所有来帮助小女孩。故选D项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Wearewhatweeatbecausewhatweeateverydayhas___36___greatimpactonourhealth.Therefore,weshouldmakeeveryefforttochangeourbadeatinghabits.___37___weallknow,bakedorfriedfoodsmaybe___38___(taste),buteatingtoomuchofthemwill___39___(probable)resultinsomeillnesses.Moreover,junkfoodthatcostsusagreatdealofmoneybutisnothealthy.___40___(compare)withpeopleinthewest,Chinesepeopleusedtoeatmoregrainandvegetablesbut___41___(little)meat,whichisagoodeatinghabit.However,thingsarequitedifferentnow.Withtherapideconomic___42___(grow)ofourcountry,nowwearealsoeatingalotoffoodhighinsugarandfat.We___43___(run)theriskofeatingunhealthilywithoutconsideringthebalanceofourdiet.Thefoodwechooseaffectsourhealth,sowemustkeepit___44___mindthatthefoodwechooseshouldgiveusthenutrientsthat___45___need.【答案】36.a37.As38.tasty39.probably40.Compared41.less42.growth43.arerunning44.in45.we【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述我们每天习惯吃的东西对我们的健康有很大的影响。我们应当多吃谷物和蔬菜，少吃肉食，这才是健康的饮食习惯。【36题详解】考查冠词。句意：我们每天吃的东西对我们的健康有很大影响。根据句意可知，设空处后的impact可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠词，great是辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。【37题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们都知道，熏烤、油炸食品可能很好吃。本句考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为后面一句话，关系词在定语从句中作宾语且定语从句置于句首，用as引导。故填As。【38题详解】考查形容词。设空处需用形容词作表语，taste的形容词形式为tasty，意为：好吃的。故填tasty。【39题详解】考查副词。句意：但吃得太多可能会导致一些疾病。修饰动词短语resultin需用副词形式，probable的副词形式为probably。故填probably。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与西方人相比，在过去中国人常常吃更多的谷物及蔬菜，但较少吃肉，这是一个好的饮食习惯。本句考查非谓语动词作状语。comparedwith为独立成分，意为：与……相比。故填Compared。【41题详解】考查比较级。句意：中国人过去多吃谷类和蔬菜，少吃肉，这是好的饮食习惯。根据本句中的moregrain可知本空需用比较级。故填less。【42题详解】考查名词。随着我国经济的迅速发展。设空处前为形容词，后为介词，故可判断设空处需用grow的名词形式，故填growth。【43题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。根据上句“wearenowalsoeatingalotoffoodthatishighinsugarandfat.”可知我们现在吃的很多食物中，糖和脂肪的含量太高，可判断本句要表达的意思是：目前我们正在不考虑均衡饮食的情况下冒险去外面吃饭。由此可见需用现在进行时，主语是复数we。故填arerunning。【44题详解】考查短语。句意：所以我们应该记住我们选择的食物应该给我们需要的营养。短语keepinmind记住。故填in。【45题详解】考查代词。句意：所以我们应该记住我们选择的食物应该给我们需要的营养。定语从句中动词need缺少主语，故用主格形式。故填we。【点睛】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析。要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。本篇语法填空考查到的语法知识有时态、词性、从句以及固定短语等，其中定语从句考查，先要找准先行词，然后分析先行词在定语从句中所作的成分，最后确定关系词。例如小题2中，首先找到先行词为后面一句话，关系词在定语从句中作宾语且定语从句置于句首，用as引导。as引出非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。通常用于像asweallknow,asitisknow,asisknowtoall,asitis,asissaidabove,asalwaysmentionedabove,asisusual,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……，就像……”之意。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节：应用文写作（15分）46.假定你是李华，你校学生会将举办垃圾分类中英文海报设计大赛，你是负责人。请在你校英文网站写一则通知，内容包括：1.大赛目的；2.作品要求；3.作品展出方式及颁奖时间。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；NoticeGarbageClassificationPosterDesignCompetition__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________