2022年内蒙古赤峰市高二下学期期末考试英语试题

2022年赤峰市高二年级学年联考试卷英语注意事项：1.本试卷分Ⅰ卷、Ⅱ卷两部分，满分150分：考试时间：120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。3.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。听力部分第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ARoadtoHanaToursThefamousroadwayalongMaui’sNorthShoreprovidesfantasticviewsfortravelerswhoenjoythebeautyofnature.RoadtoHanaDayTripYouwillenjoybeautifulbeaches,quietcoastline,andtoweringwaterfallsasyoudriveyourwayacrosstheKalepaBridge,wherethehighwaycontinuestoKipahuluonthePiilaniHighway.Thisjourneythroughthenarrowhighwayconsistsof59bridgesandover600turningstakingtravelersinandoutofrainforestsandtropicalplants.HanaGrandTourDuringthis6-houradventure,youcansitbackandrelaxinsideyourbusonthewaytoHana,stoppingatHanaTropicalGardensandatwonderfulwaterfalls,whereyou’llhavetimetoswim.You’llalsoenjoyabeachsidelunchbeforeeventuallyboardingahelicopterforathrilling36-minuteflightaboveHaleakalaCraterandtheisland’sroughcoast.Thisgrandsmall-grouptriptoHanaalsoincludesaprofessionalguide.RainforestHikingAdventureExperiencethegreenbeautyofEastMauionthisrainforesthikewithaninformativelocalguide.LearnabouttheMaui’secosystems,beimpressedatmagicalwaterfalls,climbrockformations,andleapintothefreshwaterpoolsbelowforarefreshingswim.Enjoyadelicious,healthylunchalongtheway—it’sincludedinthetourprice.JungleAdventureonMauiThispersonalizedexperienceisgreatfornaturelovers.Youcanvisitmultiplebeautifulwaterfalls,withalocaltourguide.Therearechancesforsafecliffjumping,orchoosetoswim,orsimplyadmirethemagicofthefalls.Ifthegroupis4peopleormore,thiswillbeaprivatetourforyourfamilyonly.1Whichisthebestchoiceforthosewholoveself-drivingtours?A.RoadtoHanaDayTrip. B.HanaGrandTour.C.RainforestHikingAdventure. D.JungleAdventureonMaui.2.WhatdoweknowaboutHanaGrandTour?A.Itlastsawholeday. B.Itincludesalocalguide.C.Itprovidesaflightexperience. D.Itoffersafreewonderfullunch3.Whatcanyoudoinallthefourtours?A.Seewaterfalls. B.Enjoyswimming.C.Walkinrainforests. D.Climbrockformations【答案】1.A2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个游览Hana的旅游项目。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Youwillenjoybeautifulbeaches,quietcoastline,andtoweringwaterfallsasyoudriveyourwayacrosstheKalepaBridge,wherethehighwaycontinuestoKipahuluonthePiilaniHighway.Thisjourneythroughthenarrowhighwayconsistsof59bridgesandover600turningstakingtravelersinandoutofrainforestsandtropicalplants.(当你开车穿过Kalepa桥时，你会享受到美丽的海滩、宁静的海岸线和高耸的瀑布，在这里，高速公路继续沿着Piilani高速公路延伸到基帕鲁。这段穿越狭窄公路的旅程由59座桥和600多个转弯处组成，让游客进出热带雨林和热带植物)”可知，对于喜欢自驾游的人来说，RoadtoHanaDayTrip是最好的选择。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“You’llalsoenjoyabeachsidelunchbeforeeventuallyboardingahelicopterforathrilling36-minuteflightaboveHaleakalaCraterandtheisland’sroughcoast.(你还将享受一顿海滨午餐，然后登上直升机，在哈雷阿卡拉火山口和岛上崎岖的海岸上空进行36分钟的惊险飞行)”可知，HanaGrandTour提供飞行体验。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Youwillenjoybeautifulbeaches,quietcoastline,andtoweringwaterfallsasyoudriveyourwayacrosstheKalepaBridge,wherethehighwaycontinuestoKipahuluonthePiilaniHighway.(当你开车穿过Kalepa桥时，你会享受到美丽的海滩、宁静的海岸线和高耸的瀑布，在这里，高速公路继续沿着Piilani高速公路延伸到基帕鲁)”；第三段中“Duringthis6-houradventure,youcansitbackandrelaxinsideyourbusonthewaytoHana,stoppingatHanaTropicalGardensandatwonderfulwaterfalls,whereyou’llhavetimetoswim.(在这6个小时的冒险旅程中，您可以在前往哈纳的巴士内坐下来放松，在哈纳热带花园和美妙的瀑布前停下来，在那里您将有时间游泳)”；第四段中“LearnabouttheMaui’secosystems,beimpressedatmagicalwaterfalls,climbrockformations,andleapintothefreshwaterpoolsbelowforarefreshingswim.(了解毛伊岛的生态系统，对神奇的瀑布印象深刻，攀爬岩层，跳进下面的淡水池进行清新的游泳)”以及最后一段中“Youcanvisitmultiplebeautifulwaterfalls,withalocaltourguide.(在当地导游的带领下，你可以游览多个美丽的瀑布)”。可知，四次旅行中都能看瀑布。故选A。BTheSt.Louissoldier,ToddNicelyjoinedthenavyin2007,andwasseverelyinjured—losthisarmsandlegsandhislifewasalmosttakenawaywhileservingabroadin2010.“Ididn’twanttoputmyguysthroughanythingthatIwouldn’twanttodo,soalotofthetimesIwasinthefront,”hetoldthenewswhilerememberingtheincidentthatchangedhislife.Overthepastdecade,Nicelyhaslearnedtoadjusttotheworldwithamputatedarmsandlegs,awayoflifethatrecentlybecameabiteasierthankstotheadditionofaservicedog.CHAMPAssistanceDogsinSt.Louis,Missouri,giftedNicelywithaservicedognamedHugothisseason.Thenon-profit’staskfocusesonconnectingservicedogstopeoplewithdisabilitieswhoneedthem.HugoistrainedtoassistNicelywithhisday-to-daytasks,smallgesturesthatadduptosignificantchangesfortheman.“Nearly12yearslater,Hugoispamofthefamily.HavinghimheretopickthingsupthatIdropiskindofablessing.Itmakesmyqualityoflifealotbetter,”NicelytoldKMOVNews4.ThisimprovedqualityoflifeiswhatCHAMPworkshardtoprovideforsoldiersandotherindividualswhobenefitfromthesupportofaservicedog.“HugoismakingadifferenceinTodd’slife.Itisawonderfulfeelingforallofus,andweareontopoftheworldinseeingsomeonebecomemoreindependentbecauseadogistheretohelpthem,”PamBudke,CHAMPAssistanceDogs’director,sharedwithKMOVNews4.NicelyhopesthatHugohelpsothersoldiersbyshowingthemit’simportanttoseekassistancewhenyouneedhelp.“Youaresupposedtobethistoughman.Now,allofasudden,you’reaskingforhelp.It’slike,‘amIweak?’‘No’,”Nicelysaid.“Itdoesn’tmakeyouweak.Itactuallymakesyoustrongertoaskforhelp,”headded.4.WhichofthefollowingcandescribeToddNicelybestinarmyservice?A.Lucky. B.Clever. C.Considerate. D.Well-educated.5.WhatisthepurposeofCHAMPAssistanceDogs?A.Tosendhomelessdogstopeople. B.Tohelppeopletrainservicedogs.C.Tomakethedisabledadjusttotheworld. D.Tocreateabondbetweenthedisabledandservicedogs.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ontopoftheworld”inParagraph5mean?A.Ashamed. B.Astonished. C.Delighted. D.Embarrassed.7.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesoldiersfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyseldomaskforhelp. B.Theylikebeingtoughtoothers.C.Theylovedogsmorethananyoneelse. D.Theyneedtoshowtheirweaknesssometimes.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了CHAMP援助犬组织通过为像ToddNicely这样的残疾人提供服务犬来帮助他们。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中““Ididn’twanttoputmyguysthroughanythingthatIwouldn’twanttodo,soalotofthetimesIwasinthefront,”hetoldthenewswhilerememberingtheincidentthatchangedhislife.(“我不想让我的队员们经历任何我不想做的事情，所以很多时候我都在前线，”他在回忆起那个改变了他一生的事件时说)”可推知，ToddNicely在军队服役时很体贴他人。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thenon-profit’staskfocusesonconnectingservicedogstopeoplewithdisabilitieswhoneedthem.(该非营利组织的任务主要是将服务犬与需要它们的残疾人联系起来)”可知，CHAMP援助犬的目的是在残疾人和服务犬之间建立纽带。故选D。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“inseeingsomeonebecomemoreindependentbecauseadogistheretohelpthem”可知，看到有人因为有狗在那里帮助他们而变得更加独立，CHAMP援助犬的主任感到非常高兴，故画线词意思是“高兴的”。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“NicelyhopesthatHugohelpsothersoldiersbyshowingthemit’simportanttoseekassistancewhenyouneedhelp.“Youaresupposedtobethistoughman.Now,allofasudden,you’reaskingforhelp.It’slike,‘amIweak?’‘No’,”Nicelysaid.“Itdoesn’tmakeyouweak.Itactuallymakesyoustrongertoaskforhelp,”headded.(Nicely希望雨果能帮助其他士兵，告诉他们当你需要帮助的时候寻求帮助是很重要的。“你应该是个坚强的人。现在，突然之间，你开始寻求帮助了。就像，‘我弱吗？’‘并不弱’，”奈斯利说。“这不会让你变得软弱。它实际上会让你更坚强地寻求帮助，”他补充道)”可推知，士兵很少寻求帮助。故选A。CCarbonlabelscanbeeffectiveinchangingcompanyaswellasconsumerbehavior,ascompaniesadjusttheircarbonfootprintwiththetwogoalsofincreasedefficiencyandimprovedreputation,accordingtoanewlypublishedresearchbyClimateChangeResearchNetwork.TheresearchwaspublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChange.Theanalysisoutlinesthepotentialeffectsofcarbonlabeling—apracticethatisreceivingattentionascompaniestryhardtofigureouthowtoengageinsustainablepractices.Whileinternationalandnationalgovernmenteffortsatcontrollingclimatechangehavehadlimitedsuccessinthepastyear,carbonlabelingcanbedonebytheprivatepart.Itcanalsosupportthedevelopmentofgovernmentmeasures,suchasborderallowancesandcarbontaxes.Manycarbonlabelsaresimilartonutritionalandingredient(成分)informationongroceryitems.Carbonlabels,however,estimateaproduct’scarbonemissions(排放)fromitscreationtoitsend.Somelabelsprovideasimplestoplight-typesignalabouthowaproductcomparestoothers.Otherlabelsprovideanequalgreenhousegasemissionsnumber,detailinghowmuchcarbonwentintothecreation,transportation,useandendofaproduct.Somelabelsincludeboth.Consumerscanlearnhowmanygramsorkilogramsofcarbontheyusewhenpurchasinganythingfromabagofchipstoanewtruck.Existingliteratureoncarbonlabelshasfocusedonhowthepracticelimitsconsumers’carbonemissions.Theresearch,however,revealsthatbusinessesoftenrespondtolabelingprogramsbyreducingtheircarbonfootprint,possiblybecausecalculatingcarbonfootprintshelpsthemidentifyefficiencies—andbecausethedisclosure(公开)canaffectcompanyreputation.Thestudyaddresseskeychallengesforcarbonlabels,suchassettinguniformstandards,collectingaccuratedataanddesigninglabelsforaglobalrangeofproductsandindustries.Theresearchteamalsoprovidesrecommendationsonhowtoinstitutecarbonlabelsasacommonpracticeinsociety.Carbonlabelsareanimportantandpracticalwaytoreducecarbonemissions.Theycanleadcompaniestoreducecarbonemissionsevenifconsumerresponsestothelabelsarenotstrong.Asaresult,carbonlabelsshouldbedesignedtoaffectnotonlyretailconsumerbehaviorbutalsothebehaviorofcompanymanagers.8.Inwhataspectdoescarbonlabelingaffectabusiness?A.Production. B.Management. C.Fame. D.Strategy.9.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whatcarbonlabelsactuallymean. B.Whatcarbonlabelslooklike.C.Howcarbonlabelsaredesigned. D.Howcarbonlabelsbenefitpeople.10.Howcancarbonlabelschangeconsumerbehaviorrelatedtocarbon?A.Theyhaveconsumerspayextraforcertaingoods.B.Theyinformconsumersofcarbonamounttheyuse.C.Theyrestrictthecarbonfootprintofconsumers.D.Theyhaveapositiveeffectonconsumerreputation.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.CarbonLabelingBenefitsMorethanCompaniesB.AnEffectiveWaytoChangeCompanyBehaviorC.HowtoMeasureConsumers’CarbonFootprintD.CarbonLabelsAidinFightingClimateChange【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍碳标签的含义及一项相关研究，研究表明，碳标签可以有效地改变公司和消费者的行为。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Carbonlabelscanbeeffectiveinchangingcompanyaswellasconsumerbehavior,ascompaniesadjusttheircarbonfootprintwiththetwogoalsofincreasedefficiencyandimprovedreputation,accordingtoanewlypublishedresearchbyClimateChangeResearchNetwork.”（根据气候变化研究网络最新发布的一项研究，碳标签可以有效地改变公司和消费者的行为，因为公司以提高效率和声誉为目标调整自己的碳足迹。）可知，使用碳标签，公司会调整碳足迹以提高声誉，说明碳标签会影响企业的声誉。故选C项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段，尤其是前两句“Manycarbonlabelsaresimilartonutritionalandingredient(成分)informationongroceryitems.Carbonlabels,however,estimateaproduct’scarbonemissions(排放)fromitscreationtoitsend.”（许多碳标签与食品杂货上的营养成分信息类似，不过碳标签是对产品在整个生命周期内的碳排放量的估量。）可知，第四段介绍了碳标签的含义，即对产品在整个生命周期内的碳排放量的估量。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“Consumerscanlearnhowmanygramsorkilogramsofcarbontheyusewhenpurchasinganythingfromabagofchipstoanewtruck.”（从一袋薯片到一辆新卡车，消费者可以了解他们在购买任何东西时使用了多少克或多少千克的碳。）可知，碳标签改变消费者行为体现在，消费者可以通过碳标签了解自己使用了多少碳。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。结合全文，尤其是最后一段“Carbonlabelsareanimportantandpracticalwaytoreducecarbonemissions.Theycanleadcompaniestoreducecarbonemissionsevenifconsumerresponsestothelabelsarenotstrong.Asaresult,carbonlabelsshouldbedesignedtoaffectnotonlyretailconsumerbehaviorbutalsothebehaviorofcompanymanagers.”（碳标签是减少碳排放的一种重要而实用的方法。即使消费者对碳标签的反应不强烈，碳标签也可以引导公司减少碳排放。因此，碳标签的设计不仅要影响零售消费者的行为，还要影响公司经理的行为。）可知，碳标签有利于减少碳排放，从而有利于应对气候变化。所以D项“碳标签有助于应对气候变化”最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。DWhileresearchershaverecentlycreatedsoftandflexiblerobots,theystillcontainhardelectricpowerandcontrolsystems.Now,thankstoateamledbyHarvardUniversityprofessors,RobertWoodandJenniferA.Lewis,thereisfinallyabreakthrough.Theadorableautonomousoctobotthatstandsamere2cmtallhasnorigidparts,enablingittosqueezethroughthetiniestofspaces,justlikeoctopuses(章鱼).Theoctobot,whichismainlymadeofrubber,isfueledbyamixtureofhydrogenperoxideandwater.Theliquidthatispumpedintotherobot’sbodythroughaseriesof3-Dprintedchambers(室)reactswiththespotsofplatinum(铂)thatareplantedwithintheoctobotandformswaterandoxygen.Thereleasedgasbuildsupthepressureinthecontrollerandthechambersintherobot’sarms,causingthemtomove.Theresearchers,whointroducedtherevolutionaryrobotinthescientificjournalNature,saythatoctobotiscurrentlyjustaproofofconceptandnotreadyfortherealworld.That’sbecausetheliquidbatteryonlyprovidespowerforabouteightminutes.Additionally,itlackscontrolsandthereforecannotbedirectedinanydirection.Theteamhopestosolvetheissuesintheirnextversionofthesoftrobot,whichwillbeabletomove,swim,andsenseobjectsintheenvironment.Woodbelievesthattheoctobot’seasy-to-builddesign,lowcost,andthefactthatitsfuelabilitycanbeincreasedwillencourageotherscientistsandroboticiststocreatemorecomplexdesigns.Theresearcherssay,“Althoughsoftroboticsisstillinitsbeginningstage,itholdsgreatpotentialforseveralapplications,suchasservicing,andinspectingmachinery,search-and-rescueoperations,andexploration.”Givenhowadorabletheyare,weagreewiththatstatement.12.Whatisthemaincharacteristicoftheoctobotcomparedtotheformerrobots?A.Shape. B.Flexibility. C.Drivingpattern. D.Productioncost.13.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theoctobot’smovementprinciple. B.Theoctobot’sbuildingmaterials.C.Theoctobot’slivinghabits. D.Theoctobot’sfuturemarket.14.Whydotheresearcherssaytheoctobotisjustaconcept?A.Itisperfectincontrolsystem. B.Itisstillinthestepoftheoreticalresearch.C.Itisuselessinrealsituations. D.Itneedsamorepowerfulbattery.15.Whataretheresearchers’opinionsaboutsoftrobots?A.Theyareuniversal. B.Theyareimpractical.C.Theyareunprofitable. D.Theyarepromising.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员最近创造出了柔软而灵活章鱼机器人，介绍了它的移动原理和目前存在的问题，并说明了将来的改进方向。【12题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段最后一句“Theadorableautonomousoctobotthatstandsamere2cmtallhasnorigidparts,enablingittosqueezethroughthetiniestofspaces,justlikeoctopuses.(这个可爱的自主章鱼机器人只有2厘米高，没有坚硬的部分，使它能够像章鱼一样挤过最微小的空间。)”可知，这个可爱的自主章鱼机器人只有2厘米高，没有坚硬的部分，使它能够像章鱼一样挤过最微小的空间。说明它的灵活性提高了。故选B项。【13题详解】主旨大意题。通读文章二段“Theoctobot,whichismainlymadeofrubber,isfueledbyamixtureofhydrogenperoxideandwater.Theliquidthatispumpedintotherobot’sbodythroughaseriesof3-Dprintedchambersreactswiththespotsofplatinumthatareplantedwithintheoctobotandformswaterandoxygen.Thereleasedgasbuildsupthepressureinthecontrollerandthechambersintherobot’sarms,causingthemtomove.(章鱼机器人主要由橡胶制成，由过氧化氢和水的混合物提供燃料。通过一系列3d打印的腔体泵入机器人体内的液体与植入机器人体内的铂斑发生反应，形成水和氧气。释放出来的气体在控制器和机器人手臂上的腔室中形成压力，使它们移动。)”可知，第二段主要讲了章鱼机器人的移动原理。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。由文章三段“That’sbecausetheliquidbatteryonlyprovidespowerforabouteightminutes.(这是因为液体电池只能提供大约8分钟的电力。)”可知，液体电池只能提供大约8分钟的电力，它需要一个更强大的电池，因此它只是一个概念。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Althoughsoftroboticsisstillinitsbeginningstage,itholdsgreatpotentialforseveralapplications,suchasservicing,andinspectingmachinery,search-and-rescueoperations,andexploration.(虽然软机器人技术仍处于起步阶段，但它在一些应用方面具有很大的潜力，例如服务和检查机械、搜索和救援行动以及探索。)”可知，研究人员认为软机器人的前途十分光明。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。GrowingFruitTreesintheHomeGardenAnoldproverbsays,“Thebesttimetoplantatreeistwentyyearsago.Thesecond-besttimeisnow.”Ithinkthislittlepearlofwisdomisespeciallytruewhenitcomestofruittrees.___16___.Theycanbeexpensiveandthere’salwayssomuchelsetodo.It’salsoeasytotwistone’slogic:“ItmightbesevenyearsbeforeI’dgetfruit,sowhybother?”Butguesswhat.You’llbewaitingawholelotlongerifyouneverplantthosetrees.Here’smyadviceforselectingandgrowingfruittrees.___17___Learnaboutholedepthandwidth,wateringneeds,pruningrequirements.There’splentytolearn.Ifyourtreedoesn’tcomewiththeseinstructions,searchtheinternet.Justbesureyoursourcesarereliable.___18___.Mostnurseriesshipbasedonappropriateplantingtimeforyourarea;however,ifyou’rebuyinglocally,youneedtolearnallyoucanaboutfavorableplantingconditions.ProtectyourtreesAyoungtree’sbarkisespeciallysusceptibletodamage,yetit’sappealingtohungrydeer.___19___.Youcanpurchasenetting,tubing,orpaperorburlapwrap.Oryoucanbecreativeandmakeyourowntreeguard.Justbesurenottoconstrictthetree’strunkbywrappingtootightly.Nothingismoredisappointingthandiscoveringthatjustbeforeyourfruitfullyripened,somethinggottoitbeforeyoudid,sodoremembertoprotectyourfruits.BeattentiveFruittreescraveattention,somemorethanothers.Again,researchiscrucialtoseehowmuchcarespecifictreesrequire.Allofthemneedmulching,pruning,fertilizing,andregularandfrequentwatering.___20___.Rigorousfallclean-upisessential.Whatrewardsyourfamilywillreapifyouaddfruittreestoyourgarden.There’snotimelikethepresenttogetstarted.Justdoit.A.Don’tputitoffB.DoyourresearchC.It’stooeasytoputoffbuyingandplantingtreesD.BesafeandusesomekindoftreewraporguardE.YoualsomustbediligentinprotectingyourtreesfrompestsanddiseasesF.CheckwithyourlocalagriculturalextensionserviceG.It’salsoimportanttoknowthebesttimetoplant【答案】16.C17.B18.G19.D20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就种植和护理果树进行了一些说明。【16题详解】根据上文“Anoldproverbsays,“Thebesttimetoplantatreeistwentyyearsago.Thesecond-besttimeisnow.”Ithinkthislittlepearlofwisdomisespeciallytruewhenitcomestofruittrees.(一句古老的谚语说：“种树的最好时间是20年前。其次是现在。”我认为这一智慧尤其适用于果树)”以及后文“Theycanbeexpensiveandthere’salwayssomuchelsetodo.It’salsoeasytotwistone’slogic:“ItmightbesevenyearsbeforeI’dgetfruit,sowhybother?”Butguesswhat.You’llbewaitingawholelotlongerifyouneverplantthosetrees.(它们可能很贵，而且总是有很多其他的事情可以做。一个人的逻辑也很容易被扭曲：“我可能要等七年才能吃到水果，所以为什么要自找麻烦呢？”但你猜怎么着。如果你不种那些树，你会等得更久)”可知，本句与后文并列都是在说明种树的麻烦之处，故C选项“买树和种树太容易推迟了”符合语境，故选C。【17题详解】根据后文“Learnaboutholedepthandwidth,wateringneeds,pruningrequirements.There’splentytolearn.Ifyourtreedoesn’tcomewiththeseinstructions,searchtheinternet.Justbesureyoursourcesarereliable.(了解洞深度和宽度，浇水的需要，修剪的要求。有很多东西要学。如果你的圣诞树上没有这些说明，可以上网搜索一下。只是要确保你的消息来源是可靠的)”可知，后文提到了了解洞的深度和宽度，浇水的需要，修剪的要求，以及要在网上搜索，可见是做好调查研究工作。故B选项“做好调查研究”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】根据后文“Mostnurseriesshipbasedonappropriateplantingtimeforyourarea;however,ifyou’rebuyinglocally,youneedtolearnallyoucanaboutfavorableplantingconditions.(大多数苗圃基于您的地区的适当种植时间：然而，如果你在当地购买，你需要尽可能了解有利的种植条件)”可知，本句是对最佳种植时间的重要性进行说明。故G选项“知道最佳种植时间也很重要”符合语境，故选G。【19题详解】根据上文“Ayoungtree’sbarkisespeciallysusceptibletodamage,yetit’sappealingtohungrydeer.(幼树的树皮特别容易受到伤害，但对饥饿的鹿却很有吸引力)”可知，本句应承接上文说明如何保护树木：使用一些树木包裹物或防护物。故D选项“为了安全起见，使用一些树木包裹物或防护物”符合语境，故选D。【20题详解】根据上文“Fruittreescraveattention,somemorethanothers.Again,researchiscrucialtoseehowmuchcarespecifictreesrequire.Allofthemneedmulching,pruning,fertilizing,andregularandfrequentwatering.(果树渴望关注，有些果树比其他果树更渴望关注。同样，研究对于了解特定树木需要多少护理是至关重要的。它们都需要覆盖、修剪、施肥和经常浇水)”可知，本段主要是关于如何护理果树的说明，故E选项“你还必须勤奋地保护你的树木不受病虫害的侵害”符合语境，故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Anursetookatiredservicemantothebedside.“Yoursonishere,”shesaidtotheoldman.Shehadto___21___thewordsseveraltimesbeforethepatient’seyesopened.___22___sedated(服镇静剂)becauseofthepainofhisheartattack,hecouldn’tsee___23___theyounguniformedMarineoutsidetheoxygentent.He___24___hishand.TheMarine___25___histoughenedfingersaroundtheoldman’s___26___ones,squeezingamessageofloveandencouragement.AllnighttheyoungMarinesatinthepoorlylightedward,holdingtheoldman’shandand___27___himwordsofloveand___28___.Thenursesuggested·___29___thattheMarinerestawhilebutherefused.Wheneverthenursecameintotheward,theMarinewas___30___ofher.Nowandthensheheardhimsayafew___31___words.Thedyingmansaidnothing,onlyheld___32___tohissonallthroughthenight.Alongtowards___33___,theoldmandied.TheMarine___34___thelifelesshandhehadbeenholdingandwenttotellthenurse.Shestartedtoofferwordsof___35___,buttheMarineinterruptedher.“Whowasthatman?”heasked.Thenursewasslightly___36___.“Hewasyourfather,”sheanswered.“No,hewasn’t,”theMarinereplied.“Ineversawhimbeforeinmylife.”“Thenwhydidn’tyousaysomethingwhenItookyoutohim?”“Iknewimmediatelytherehadbeena___37___,butIalsoknewheneededhisson,andhissonjustwasn’there.WhenI___38___thathewastoosicktotellwhetherornotIwashisson,knowinghowmuchheneededme,I___39___.”Indeed,whattheMarinedid___40___theidentityof“son”tosomeextent.21.A.say B.repeat C.tell D.consider22.A.Slightly B.Little C.Heavily D.Properly23.A.coldly B.carefully C.emotionally D.clearly24.A.froze B.cast C.waved D.extended25.A.reached B.held C.shook D.wrapped26.A.smooth B.dirty C.rough D.weak27.A.pouring B.delivering C.sending D.offering28.A.strength B.patience C.pity D.passion29.A.occasionally B.regularly C.secretly D.happily30.A.afraid B.tired C.unaware D.conscious31.A.wonderful B.hard C.gentle D.sharp32.A.loosely B.cautiously C.tightly D.sadly33.A.midnight B.dawn C.afternoon D.dusk34.A.escaped B.released C.threw D.put35.A.sympathy B.farewell C.sadness D.happiness36.A.angry B.shocked C.annoyed D.relieved37.A.mistake B.coincidence C.mystery D.death38.A.observed B.realized C.saw D.guessed39.A.stayed B.hesitated C.completed D.appeared40.A.earned B.missed C.hated D.deserved【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.D25.D26.C27.D28.A29.A30.C31.C32.C33.B34.B35.A36.B37.A38.B39.A40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一名海军陆战队员陪伴一位素不相识的老人度过生命最后时光的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她重复了几次，病人才睁开眼睛。A.say说；B.repeat重复；C.tell告诉；D.consider考虑。根据后文“thewordsseveraltimesbeforethepatient’seyesopened”指护士重复说了几次，故选B。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于心脏病发作带来的疼痛，他注射了大量镇静剂，无法清楚地看到氧气帐篷外身穿制服的年轻海军陆战队员。A.Slightly稍微；B.Little一点；C.Heavily大量地，沉重地；D.Properly合适地。根据后文“sedatedbecauseofthepainofhisheartattack”可知，由于心脏病发作带来的疼痛，他注射了大量镇静剂，故选C。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于心脏病发作带来的疼痛，他注射了大量镇静剂，无法清楚地看到氧气帐篷外身穿制服的年轻海军陆战队员。A.coldly冷淡地；B.carefully仔细地；C.emotionally感情上；D.clearly清楚地。根据上文“couldn’tsee”指老人因为注射了大量镇静剂，无法清楚地看到氧气帐篷外身穿制服的年轻海军陆战队员。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意：他伸出手。A.froze冻结；B.cast投掷；C.waved挥动；D.extended伸出，扩展。根据后文“TheMarine_____histoughenedfingersaroundtheoldman’s______ones,squeezingamessageofloveandencouragement.”指伸出手，应用extend。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位海军陆战队员用他坚强的手指握着着老人粗糙的手指，传递出爱和鼓励的信息。A.reached到达；B.held握住；C.shook摇晃；D.wrapped包裹，握着。根据后文“histoughenedfingersaroundtheoldman’s”指海军陆战队员用他坚强的手指握着着老人粗糙的手指，故选D。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位海军陆战队员用他坚强的手指握着老人粗糙的手指，传递出爱和鼓励的信息。A.smooth顺利的；B.dirty脏的；C.rough粗糙的；D.weak虚弱的。结合常识，老人的手应当是粗糙的，rough符合语境。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：年轻的海军陆战队员整夜坐在灯光昏暗的病房里，握着老人的手，对他说着充满爱和力量的话语。A.pouring倾泻；B.delivering递送；C.sending发送；D.offering提供。根据后文“himwordsofloveand”可知年轻人对老人说着充满爱和力量的话语。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：年轻的海军陆战队员整夜坐在灯光昏暗的病房里，握着老人的手，对他说着充满爱和力量的话语。A.strength力量；B.patience耐心；C.pity遗憾；D.passion激情。根据上文“himwordsofloveand”可知，年轻人对老人说着充满爱和力量的话语。故选A。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：护士偶尔建议海军陆战队员休息一会儿，但他拒绝了。A.occasionally偶尔；B.regularly定期地；C.secretly秘密地；D.happily快乐地。根据后文“thattheMarinerestawhilebutherefused”可知，护士偶尔建议海军陆战队员休息一会儿，但他拒绝了。故选A。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当护士走进病房，海军陆战队员都没注意到她。A.afraid害怕的；B.tired疲惫的；C.unaware无意识的；D.conscious有意识的。海军陆战队员专心陪伴老人，所以每当护士走进病房，海军陆战队员都没注意到她。故选C。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她不时听到他说几句温柔的话。A.wonderful极好的；B.hard努力的；C.gentle温和的；D.sharp尖锐的。呼应上文“himwordsofloveand”可知年轻人对老人温柔说话。故选C。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个垂死的人什么也没说，只是整晚紧紧地握着他的儿子的手。A.loosely松散地；B.cautiously谨慎地；C.tightly牢固地；D.sadly悲伤地。根据上文“onlyheld”指老人整晚紧紧地握着他的儿子的手。故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：黎明时分，老人去世了。A.midnight午夜；B.dawn黎明；C.afternoon下午；D.dusk黄昏。根据上文“allthroughthenight”可知老人在黎明时分去世。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：陆战队员松开一直握着的那只毫无生气的手，去告诉护士。A.escaped逃走；B.released释放；C.threw扔；D.put放。根据后文“thelifelesshand”指松开老人的手。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始说一些同情的话，但海军陆战队打断了她。A.sympathy同情；B.farewell告别；C.sadness悲伤；D.happiness幸福。根据上文“theoldmandied”可知老人去世，护士对年轻人说一些表示同情的话。故选A。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：护士有点震惊。A.angry生气的；B.shocked震惊的；C.annoyed恼怒的；D.relieved放心的。结合上文““Whowasthatman?”heasked.”可知年轻人不认识老人，护士对此震惊。故选B。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立刻就知道出了什么差错，但我也知道他需要他的儿子，而他的儿子却不在这里。A.mistake错误；B.coincidence巧合；C.mystery秘密；D.death死亡。根据上文“Ineversawhimbeforeinmylife.”可知是护士搞错了，故选A。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我意识到他病得无法判断我是不是他的儿子时，我知道他是多么需要我，我留下了。A.observed观察；B.realized意识到；C.saw看见；D.guessed猜测。根据后文“thathewastoosicktotellwhetherornotIwashisson,knowinghowmuchheneededme”可知，年轻人看到老人的情况，意识到老人病得认不清人了。故选B。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我意识到他病得无法判断我是不是他的儿子时，我知道他是多么需要我，我留下了。A.stayed停留；B.hesitated犹豫；C.completed完成；D.appeared出现。根据上文“knowinghowmuchheneededme,I”可知年轻人知道老人需要自己，于是留下了。故选A。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：的确，海军陆战队的士兵所作所为在某种程度上配得上“儿子”的身份。A.earned赚得；B.missed错过；C.hated讨厌；D.deserved值得。根据上文海军陆战队员的做作所为以及后文“theidentityof“son””指配得上儿子的身份。故选D。第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheUSAisknownforitshighconsumptionofmeats,includingchicken,porkandlamb,potatoes,greenvegetablesandsweetbreadsalsofeatureheavilyinAmericancuisine.DuetoimmigrationtoAmericafromawiderangeofdifferentcultures,Americancuisineisalsoaproductof___41___(diverse).ApplepieistheclassicAmericandessert,so