2022年北京市房山区高二下学期期末英语试题

房山区2021—2022学年度第二学期期末检测试卷高二英语本试卷共10页，100分。时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Oneday,12-year-oldGabrielwenthomeandtoldhisdad,Richard,thathefelta“bit

down.”Gabrielenjoyed___1___andfellinlovewiththecraftaroundageeightwhenhis

momhandedhimatoymadeofwoodbyhisgrandfather.Buthismiddleschoolclassmates

didn’tconsiderit___2___.Asafather,Richardwasupsetabouthisson’scondition.Itwashardwatchinghiskid

___3___tofitin.Wantingtohelp,Richardreachedouttopeopleonthe___4___.Hecreatedapageandpresentedanewwoodenbowlmadebyhisson,hopingnetizenscould___5___himtogoon.Totheirsurprise,thelittleboygained256,000followersinthreedaysandagreat

numberofsupporterseven___6___hishandmadebowls.Gabrieldidn’twanttobea

businessmansincehehadschoolandhomeworktomanage.Aftermuchthought,hedecidedto

usehisnewfoundfameasanopportunitytoshare___7___.“IdecidethatIcanmakeotherchildren’slivesbetterbydoingalittlebitofsomethinginmyownlife,”Gabrielsaid.Hemadeaspecialbowlwiththewords“ForchildreninAfrica”to

callonothersto___8___forthemonhiswebpageandoneluckydonorcouldgetthisspecial

bowl.Soon,14,123supporters___9___contributed£254,053forAfricanchildren.Finally,

thebowlfounditswaytothehomeofdonorRenukaChapman.“Gabrielistalentedandcreative,butmorethananything,he’sgotabigheart,”finallycamethe____10____fromhisclassmates.1.A.handwriting B.netsurfing C.woodworking D.fundraising2.A.noisy B.cool C.strange D.fair3.A.refuse B.defend C.hate D.struggle4.A.internet B.show C.course D.street5.A.remind B.encourage C.guide D.command6.A.copied B.repaired C.ordered D.removed7.A.politeness B.comfort C.wealth D.kindness8.A.record B.draw C.donate D.change9.A.surprisingly B.hesitantly C.shyly D.thankfully10.A.suggestion B.praise C.warning D.request【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.C9.A10.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了12岁的Gabriel喜欢做木工，他在网上通过自己的影响力为非洲儿童捐款的事情。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gabriel喜欢做木工活，8岁左右，他的妈妈给了他一个祖父用木头做的玩具，他就爱上了木工活。A.handwriting书法；B.netsurfing网上冲浪；C.woodworking木工；D.fundraising募捐。根据后文“whenhismomhandedhimatoymadeofwoodbyhisgrandfather”可知是喜欢上了木工活。故选C。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是他的中学同学们并不认为这很酷。A.noisy嘈杂的；B.cool酷的；C.strange奇怪的；D.fair公平的。根据后文“Asafather,Richardwasupsetabouthisson’scondition.(作为一名父亲，理查德对儿子的情况感到不安)”可知，Gabriel喜欢木工，但是他的同学并不认为这很酷，Gabriel难以融入。故选B。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着他的孩子挣扎着难以融入（其他同学），他很难过。A.refuse拒绝；B.defend防御；C.hate讨厌；D.struggle挣扎。结合上文可知Gabriel并不喜欢做木工的Gabriel，即要融入同学很挣扎，故选D。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助他，Richard在互联网上向人们求助。A.internet互联网；B.show展览；C.course课程；D.street街道。根据后文“Hecreatedapage”可知，他在网上求助。故选A。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他创建了一个页面，并展示了儿子制作一个新木碗，希望网友们能鼓励他继续下去。A.remind提醒；B.encourage鼓励；C.guide指导；D.command命令。根据后文“himtogoon”指鼓励儿子继续做木工。故选B。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令他们惊讶的是，这个小男孩在三天内获得了25.6万名粉丝，很多支持者甚至订购了他的手工碗。A.copied复制；B.repaired修理；C.ordered订购；D.removed去除。根据后文“Gabrieldidn’twanttobeabusinessman”可知有人想要订购他的木碗，故选C。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过深思熟虑，他决定用自己新获得的名声作为一个分享善意的机会。A.politeness礼貌；B.comfort安慰；C.wealth财富；D.kindness善良。根据后文“IdecidethatIcanmakeotherchildren’slivesbetterbydoingalittlebitofsomethinginmyownlife(我决定通过在我自己的生活中做一点事情，让其他孩子的生活更好)”可知，他想要分享善意。故选D。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他做了一个特别的碗，上面写着“为非洲的孩子们”，在他的网页上呼吁其他人为他们捐款，一个幸运的捐赠者可以得到这个特别的碗。A.record记录；B.draw画；C.donate捐赠；D.change改变。根据后文“oneluckydonor”可知是呼吁其他人捐款。故选C。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很快，14123名支持者为非洲儿童捐出了惊人的254053英镑。A.surprisingly惊人地；B.hesitantly犹豫地；C.shyly害羞地；D.thankfully感谢地。根据后文“£254,053forAfricanchildren”可知捐款达到了惊人的254053英镑。故选A。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“Gabriel有才华，有创造力，但最重要的是，他有一颗宽广的胸襟，”他的同学们终于表扬了他。A.suggestion建议；B.praise赞美；C.warning警告；D.request要求。根据上文“Gabrielistalentedandcreative,butmorethananything,he’sgotabigheart”可知，同学在表扬Gabriel。故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。MaXubecameamilitarydoctorin1947.She____11____(apply)tobecomea

paratrooperin1961,butherfirstapplicationfailedbecausetherewerenofemaleparatroopers

atthattime.Mawasonly1.53metrestallandweighedjust37.5kg.Butshelearnttoparachute

by____12____(train)hardinsecret.Finally,shebecameChina’sfirstfemaleparatrooper.She

completedover140parachutejumpsoveraperiodof20years.Shealsosetanationalrecordas

theoldestenlistedwomantodoaparachutejump____13____theageof51.In2018,Ma

donatedherentirelifesavingstoherhometown.Thisdonationwas____14____(support)local

educationandpublicwelfare.【答案】11.applied12.training13.at14.tosupport【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要讲述了中国第一位女伞兵——马旭的生平故事。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：她在1961年申请成为一名伞兵，但是她的第一次申请失败了，因为当时没有女伞兵。apply申请，动词；根据时间状语in1961可知，空处谓语动词应使用一般过去时。故填applied。【12题详解】考查动名词。句意：但她通过秘密刻苦训练学会了跳伞。介词by后需接动名词作宾语。故填training。【13题详解】考查介词。句意：她以51岁的年龄创下了跳伞年龄最大的女兵纪录。在具体的多少岁的时候，应使用介词at。故填at。【14题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这笔捐款用于支持当地的教育和公益事业。结合句子结构可知，此处需用动词不定式作表语，表示将来要做的事情。故填tosupport。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Peopleoftenwonderaboutthereasonsbehindtheurbanmigrationofanimals.Mostofus

wouldassumethaturbandevelopmentandclimatechangeareresponsibleforpushingthe

animalsoutoftheir____15____(nature)habitats.Howevertruethisis,____16____wealsoneed

toconsideristhatsomeoftheseso-called“urbananimals”havenevermovedatall—it’swe

humanswhohavemovedintotheirterritory.____17____theygo,animalsfindtownsandcities

intheirway.Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes,theyhavenochoicebuttomoveinwith

us.【答案】15.natural16.what17.Wherever【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。人们常常想知道动物城市迁移背后的原因。我们大多数人会认为，城市发展和气候变化是把动物赶出自然栖息地的原因。无论这是多么正确，我们还需要考虑的是，有些所谓的“城市动物”根本就没有移动过——是我们人类进入了它们的领地。无论它们走到哪里，都能看到城镇和城市。因为没有别的地方可以安家，他们别无选择，只能搬来和我们一起住。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们大多数人会认为，城市发展和气候变化是把动物赶出自然栖息地的原因。修饰名词habitats应用形容词natural，作定语。故填natural。【16题详解】考查主语从句。句意：无论这是多么正确，我们还需要考虑的是，有些所谓的“城市动物”根本就没有移动过——是我们人类进入了它们的领地。引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事情应用what。故填what。【17题详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论它们走到哪里，都能看到城镇和城市。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论哪里”应用wherever，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Wherever。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Today,thePalaceMuseumhasoneofthemostsignificantcollectionsoftimepiecesintheworld,____18____mainlyoriginatedfromEuropeandChina.Withobjectsrangingfromsmallpocketwatchestoclocksoveronemetreinheight,eachofthese____19____(require)itsownuniquemethodofrestoration.Giventhecomplexityoftheworkandthelackofnecessarymaterials,thismeansthateachexpertcanworkonamaximumoftwolargepiecesayear.But,throughtheirpainstaking____20____(effort),WangJinandhisstudentsdomorethanrepairtheclocks—theybringthembacktolife.【答案】18.which19.requires20.efforts【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。故宫博物院拥有世界上最重要的钟表收藏之一，短文主要讲述了这些钟表文物的修复工作。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意：如今，故宫博物院拥有世界上最重要的钟表收藏之一，这些钟表主要来自欧洲和中国。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个由逗号分为两部分的句子，逗号前为一个简单句，逗号后是一个缺少主语的从句，这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的timepieces，关系词在从句中充当主语，故设空处应填关系代词which。故填which。【19题详解】考查主谓一致。句意：从小怀表到一米多高的钟表，每一件文物都需要独特的修复方法。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，结合短文其他时态可知，此处是作一般事实的陈述，用一般现在时即可；其主语为不定代词each，故谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，结合给定的动词require可知，此处应填requires。故填requires。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：但通过他们的艰苦努力，王津和他的学生们做的不仅仅是修理钟表——他们是让钟表起死回生。分析句子结构可知，设空处位于形容词painstaking后，受其修饰和限定，故需填一个名词；结合前面的物主代词their可知，是不止一个人的努力，需用复数形式。故填efforts。第二部

阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThissummerhasbeenachancetoappreciatenatureandeverythingitoffersup.It’saperfectopportunitytotakealookatsomeoftheworld’sunspoiledplacesthatarebeautifulbecausetheyhavebeenleftuntouchedandremembertheimportanceofkeepingtheiroriginalappearance.BhutanOfficiallyknownastheKingdomofBhutan,thislittlevisitedcountryisontheHimalayas’easternedgeandknownforitsdramaticlandscapesthatrangefromsubtropicstotoweringcliffswithwildflowingrivers,crystalbluelakes,snowcappedpeaksandglaciers,andjungles.Therearenotrafficlightsinthiscountrywhich,sofar,hasmanagedtoescapetheclawsofmasstourismandkeepitsculture.RockIslands,PalauThe445uninhabitedlimestoneislandswereformedfromvolcanicactivity.Theislandshaveahugediversityofplants,birds,andwildlife,alongsidemorethanadozensharkspecies.Theareacontainsthehighestconcentrationofmarinelakesanywhereintheworld.Theonlysignofhumanhabitationisfrom3100BC.Fiordland,NewZealandOneofthemostdramaticallyamazingregionsofNewZealand,Fiordlandcanbeseenonfoot,byair,orbywater.TheMilfordTrackisoneofthemostfamouswalks,withthe33m-longfour-dayjourneytakingtravelerspastthelakes,thetallestwaterfallinthecountry,andglacier-carvedvalleyviews.LakeMonowaiisaglassy,mirrorlikebodyofwatersurroundedbymountainsandbestexploredbyraftonaquietday.NamibDesert,NamibiaAcoastaldesertinthesouthernareaofAfrica,itisknownforitsburntorange-goldensands.TheNamibhasbeendryforatleast55millionyearsandpossiblyasmanyas80million.Thenamemeans“vastspace”,anditstretchesformorethan1200milesalongAngola,NamibiaandSouthAfrica.Incredibly,thetemperaturescollidingwithcoldcurrentscreateafogbeltthatoftenenvelopsthedesert.21.Ifyourfriendisinterestedinsharks,whichofthefollowingcanberecommended?A.Bhutan. B.RockIslands,Palau.C.Fiordland,NewZealand. D.NamibDesert,Namibia.22.WhatcanwelearnabouttheNamibDesert,Namibia?A.ItislocatedattheeasternedgeofAfrica.B.Itcoversmorethan1200milesalongAngola.C.Itisfamousforitsburntorange-goldensands.D.Itwasformedfromvolcanicactivity80millionyearsago.23.Wecanprobablyreadthepassagefrom________.A.atravelguide B.asciencewebsiteC.abiologymagazine D.anenvironmentalreport【答案】21.B22.C23.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。夏天是欣赏自然风光的好时机，本文主要介绍了不丹、帕劳的岩石群岛、新西兰的菲奥德兰以及纳米比亚的纳米布沙漠这四个旅游的好去处。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Theislandshaveahugediversityofplants,birds,andwildlife,alongsidemorethanadozensharkspecies.(岛上有各种各样的植物、鸟类和野生动物，还有十几种鲨鱼。)”可知，如果对鲨鱼感兴趣，可以去帕劳的岩石群岛，因为那里有十几个不同种类的鲨鱼。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“AcoastaldesertinthesouthernareaofAfrica,itisknownforitsburntorange-goldensands.(它是非洲南部地区的一个沿海沙漠，以燃烧的橙色金黄色沙子而闻名。)”可知，纳米布沙漠因其燃烧橘金黄色沙子而闻名。故选C项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Thissummerhasbeenachancetoappreciatenatureandeverythingitoffersup.It’saperfectopportunitytotakealookatsomeoftheworld’sunspoiledplacesthatarebeautifulbecausetheyhavebeenleftuntouchedandremembertheimportanceofkeepingtheiroriginalappearance.(夏天是去欣赏大自然的好机会，可以去看看世界上一些未被破坏的自然风光，因为这些地方一直没有开发，还保持着原始面貌。)”以及每个段落的小标题及其主要内容可知，这是一篇专门介绍旅游去处的文章，最有可能出现在旅游指南上。故选A项。BWangYaping’sdreamofbecominganastronautwasinspiredbyYangLiwei’s2003spaceflight,whichwasChina’sfirstmannedspacemission.BorninasmallvillageinYantai,ShandongProvincein1980,Wanghadbeenan

enthusiasticlong-distancerunnersinceprimaryschool,andcompetedinlocalsportsmeetings.

In1997Wang,ahighschoolstudent,wasencouragedtoregisterforthepilotrecruitmentprogrambyherclassmatesbecauseshewasgoodatsportsanddidn’twearglasses.The

17-year-oldhadbeenconsideringapplyingtoateachingcollege,asherparentssuggested.

Givenherstrongbuildandabilitytostaycalmunderpressure,WangpassedalltestsaswellasphysicalexaminationsandbecameafemalepilotinChina.Afterfouryearsofsystemic

educationandtoughtraining,Wangeventuallylearnedtoflyfourdifferenttypesofaircraftbeforegraduation.

Duringherserviceasamilitarypilot,sheaccumulated1,567hoursofflighttimeandwas

involvedinmajortaskssuchasthe2008Wenchuanearthquakereliefeffortandthe2008SummerOlympicsinBeijing.InMay2010,WangbecameamemberofChina’sfirstbatchoffemaleastronauts.Thejoy

ofbeingselecteddidnotlastlongasthehardtrainingquicklysankin.Inthefirstyear,Wangcouldnotgetthetoplevelinthehigh-Gtraining,duringwhichshe

hadtoendureeighttimestheforceofgravityinaspinningcentrifuge.Thetrainingimitatesthe

environmentwhenthespacecrafttakesoff,entersorbitandreturns.Wangimprovedher

performancebydoingextracore-strengthexerciseseverydaytostrengthenherbackand

abdominalmuscles.Shegotthetoplevelattheendof2011.Wangrealizedherspacedreamin

2013aspartoftheShenzhou-10mission.Overthepasttwoyears,Wanghasloggedinover6,000hoursofstricttraining.Themost

tiringexercisewastheseven-hourunderwatertrainingsessionduringwhichshehadtowearaspecialsuitthatweighedover100kilogramstosimulateextravehicularactivitiesina

weightlessenvironment.WanghasbecomethefirstfemaletaikonauttoworkinChina’sTiangongspacestationas

wellasthefirstChinesewomantoperformaspacewalk.24.WhydidWangwanttobecomeanastronaut?A.Becauseshewasabletostaycalmunderpressure.B.Becauseshewasgoodatsportsanddidn’twearglasses.C.BecauseshewasinfluencedbyChina’sfirstmannedspaceflight.D.Becauseshewasadvisedtoregisterforthepilotprogrambyherparents.25.Fromthispassage,wecanknowthat________.A.Wangwonalong-distancerunnerchampionshipB.WangwasthefirstChinesefemaletotakeaspacewalkC.WangwenttoateachingcollegeencouragedbyherclassmatesD.Wangthoughttheseven-hourunderwatertrainingsessionwaseasy26.WhatdidWangdoaftershejoinedChina’sfirstbatchoffemaleastronauts?A.Shelearnedtoflyfourdifferenttypesofaircraft.B.SheparticipatedintheShenzhou-10missionofChina.C.Shereceivedfouryearsofsystemiceducationinuniversity.D.Shegotinvolvedinthe2008Wenchuanearthquakereliefeffort.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeWang?A.Calmandfriendly. B.Warm-heartedandcreative.C.Modestandhonest. D.Hardworkinganddetermined.【答案】24.C25.B26.B27.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了王亚平成为中国首位进行太空行走的女航天员的历程。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段内容“WangYaping’sdreamofbecominganastronautwasinspiredbyYangLiwei’s2003spaceflight,whichwasChina’sfirstmannedspacemission.(王亚平成为宇航员的梦想是受到2003年杨利伟太空飞行的启发，那是中国第一次载人航天飞行)”可知，王亚平想成为宇航员是受到中国第一次载人航天飞行的影响。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“WanghasbecomethefirstfemaletaikonauttoworkinChina’sTiangongspacestationaswellasthefirstChinesewomantoperformaspacewalk.(王亚平是中国第一位在天宫空间站工作的女太空人，也是第一位进行太空行走的中国女性)”可知，王亚平是第一位进行太空行走的中国女性。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第七段最后一句“Wangrealizedherspacedreamin2013aspartoftheShenzhou-10mission.(2013年，作为神舟十号任务的一份子，王亚平实现了她的太空梦想)”可知，王亚平在加入中国第一批女航天员后，参与了神舟十号的航天任务。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Inthefirstyear,Wangcouldnotgetthetoplevelinthehigh-Gtraining,duringwhichshehadtoendureeighttimestheforceofgravityinaspinningcentrifuge.Thetrainingimitatestheenvironmentwhenthespacecrafttakesoff,entersorbitandreturns.Wangimprovedherperformancebydoingextracore-strengthexerciseseverydaytostrengthenherbackandabdominalmuscles.Shegotthetoplevelattheendof2011.(在第一年的高重力训练中，王没有达到最高水平，在高重力训练中，她不得不在旋转的离心机中承受八倍的重力。训练模拟航天器起飞、进入轨道和返回时的环境。王通过每天做额外的核心力量练习来增强背部和腹部肌肉，从而提高了她的表现。2011年底，她获得了最高水平)”可知，王亚平在落后的情况下坚持额外的锻炼最终获得最高水平，由此可知她意志坚定；根据倒数第二段“Overthepasttwoyears,Wanghasloggedinover6,000hoursofstricttraining.Themosttiringexercisewastheseven-hourunderwatertrainingsessionduringwhichshehadtowearaspecialsuitthatweighedover100kilogramstosimulateextravehicularactivitiesinaweightlessenvironment.(在过去的两年里，王亚平已经完成了6000多个小时的严格训练。最累的是7小时的水下训练，期间她必须穿一套重达100多公斤的特殊装备，以模拟失重环境中的舱外活动)”可知，王亚平接受的训练很艰苦，说明她是吃苦耐劳的。综上，故选D。CHaveyouheardofYangshiLei?Forsome200years,theLeifamilyprovidedtheirdesignandarchitecturaltalenttotheQingDynastyasimperialbuilders.Spanningsevengenerations,theirskillsalongwithexcellentcraftsmanshipensuredthattheyrosetogreatfameandinfluenceinChina.Intheirlaterwork,theyincorporateddetailsofthesouthernarchitecturalstyleandgardendesignideasintheirdesigns.OneoftheplacesshowingthisistheSummerPalace.SituatedinHaidianDistrict,northwestofBeijing,itshowsthebeautyandthegrandeurofroyalgardens.InDecember1998,UNESCOincludedtheSummerPalaceonitsWorldHeritageListanddescribeditas“amasterpieceofChineselandscapegardendesign.”Withover3,000man-madestructures,whichincludebridges,pavilions,andcorridors,eventhelakeareaaloneisashowcaseofmanyoftheLeifamily’sexcellentdesigns.KunmingLakeisdesignedtorepresentthetraditionalChinesegardeningpracticeof“onepond,threehills.”TherearethreesmallislandswithinKunmingLake:NanhuIsland,ZaojiantangIsland,andZhijinggeIsland.ManyfeaturesofKunmingLakeareinspiredbythesceneryfromtheregionsouthoftheYangtzeRiver.Inparticular,theWestDikeisarecreationofthefamousSudiDikeonWestLakeinHangzhou.Thecauseway,whichcanbewalkedacross,cutsdiagonallythroughthesouthernpartofthelake.LiketheSudiDike,theWestDikeisconnectedbysixbridges,eachwithitsowndistinctivestyle.ThelargestbridgeonKunmingLake,however,isthe17-ArchBridge.ItcombinesfeaturesofthePreciousBeltBridgeinSuzhouandtheLugouBridgeinBeijing.Theentirebridgeis150meterslongandeightmeterswide.Ifyoucan’tgofurtherthanBeijing,thendon’tmisstheNationalLibraryofChina.ThisiswheremostoftheLeifamily’sarchitecturaldesigndraftsarekept.Theseincludeprojectivedrawings,frontandsideelevations,revolvingdrawings,andevensomearchitecturalmodelswhichlookremarkablylikedigitalmodelsmadetoday.ThisshowstheadvanceddrawingtechnologyandskilloftheLeiarchitects.Theirarchitecturalabilitywaswayaheadoftheirtime.LiketheSummerPalace,manyothersoftheLeifamily’sstructureshavebeendeclaredUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.Also,in2007,theirarchitecturaldrawingsandmodelswereincludedinUNESCO’sMemoryoftheWorldRegister.TheLeifamily’ssignificantinfluenceonChineseimperialarchitectureensuresthattheirworkisstillrememberedandappreciated.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.TherearethreesmallpondswithinKunmingLake.B.TheSummerPalacewasputontheWorldHeritageListin1998.C.WestLakeisdescribedasamasterpieceofChineselandscapegardendesign.D.The17-ArchBridgeonKunmingLakeisacopyofthePreciousBeltBridgeinSuzhou.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incorporated”inParagraphImean?A.Contained. B.Ignored. C.Compared. D.Described.30.TheauthorsuggestsvisitingtheNationalLibraryofChinato________.A.seethedrawingsoffamouspaintersBknowaboutthenewdigitalproductsC.learnthehistoryoftheQingDynastyD.seethedesigndraftsoftheLeiFamily31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparethearchitecturalstylebetweenthenorthandthesouth.B.TopresentthewonderfuldesignandbeautifulsceneryofKunmingLake.C.TostresstheLeifamily’sgreatinfluenceonChineseimperialarchitecture.D.TocallonpeopletoprotectthesceneryandarchitectureoftheSummerPalace.【答案】28.B29.A30.D31.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。雷氏家族在清朝年间承担了大量的宫廷和皇家建筑的设计和建造工作，如颐和园等，这个建筑师家族也被成为“样式雷”。文章主要介绍了雷氏家族对中国皇家建筑的贡献和影响。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“InDecember1998,UNESCOincludedtheSummerPalaceonitsWorldHeritageListanddescribeditas“amasterpieceofChineselandscapegardendesign.”(1998年12月，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》，并被誉为“中国园林设计的杰作”。)”可知，1998年，联合国教科文组织将颐和园列入《世界遗产名录》，B项正确。故选B项。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段中的“Intheirlaterwork,theyincorporateddetailsofthesouthernarchitecturalstyleandgardendesignideasintheirdesigns.(在他们后期的作品中，他们将南方建筑风格的细节和园林设计思想incorporated到他们的设计中。)”可知，雷氏家族后期的作品中，既有南方建筑风格，也有园林设计的想法，由此可推测出，是把二者融入到了他们的设计中，故划线的词“incorporated”应表示“包含、融入”的意思，与A项的contained为同义表达。故选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Ifyoucan’tgofurtherthanBeijing,thendon’tmisstheNationalLibraryofChina.ThisiswheremostoftheLeifamily’sarchitecturaldesigndraftsarekept.(如果你没法去比北京更远的地方，那就不要错过中国国家图书馆。雷氏家族的大部分建筑设计草图都保存在这里。)”可知，作者之所以建议去国家图书馆，是因为雷氏家族的大部分建筑设计草图都保存在这里，由此可推知，你能在国家图书馆看到雷氏家族的设计草图。故选D项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的“HaveyouheardofYangshiLei?Forsome200years,theLeifamilyprovidedtheirdesignandarchitecturaltalenttotheQingDynastyasimperialbuilders.Spanningsevengenerations,theirskillsalongwithexcellentcraftsmanshipensuredthattheyrosetogreatfameandinfluenceinChina.(你听说过样式雷吗？在大约200年的时间里，雷氏家族作为皇家建造者，为清朝提供了他们的设计和建筑天赋。历经七代，他们的技艺和精湛的工艺使他们在中国声名鹊起，影响深远。)”以及最后一段的“TheLeifamily’ssignificantinfluenceonChineseimperialarchitectureensuresthattheirworkisstillrememberedandappreciated.(雷氏家族对中国皇家建筑的重大影响确保了他们的作品仍然被铭记和欣赏。)”可知，文章以颐和园的经典设计为例，强调了雷氏家族对中国皇家建筑的贡献和影响。故选C项。DTechnologyishavinganimpactoneverysport,fromindividualsportssuchasswimming

toteamsportsasdiverseassoccerandsailing.Thosewithaccesstothebesttechnologiesare

playingfasterandsmarter.Themaintechnologicalchangeinrecentyearshasbeenthroughdatacollectionand

analysis.Dataiscollectedbyunderwatercameras,tidalsensors(传感器),sensorswornby

athletes,videoanalysis,andinmanyotherways.Thedataisthenfedthroughcomputer

softwareandanalyzedbyteammanagers,sportsscientists,coaches,andplayers.Itisnotonlyaboutimprovingperformance,butalsoreducinginjuryandillness.Beloware

justafewexamples.Incycling,bikesensorsmeasurespeed,power,andpedalturns,whicharethensenttothe

cyclist’sglasses.Cyclistscanseeimportantinformationwithouthavingtolookawayfromthe

track.Iftheyneedtohitaspecifictimeintheirtraining,theycanseehowtheyaredoingand

speedupifrequired.ABritishcompany,whichusuallyservicestheaerospaceanddefenceindustries,has

workedtoenableBritishwheelchairathletestoachievea20percentincreaseintheabilityto

gainspeed.Notonlyaretheyfaster,butthepositionalchangesalsoreduceinjurytoplayers’shouldersandelbows.Forotherdisabledathletes,3D-printedprostheticlimbs(四肢)aremore

lightweight,deliveringimprovedpoweroutput.Morerecordsarefallinginswimmingthanthoseinanyothersports,andtechnologyis

playingahugeroleinthis.AttheUniversityofSheffieldinEngland,navalresearchmethods

arebeingusedinapooltoproduce3Dcomputersimulationsofswimmers.Smallchangesin

swimmers’positioningoftheirlimbs,hands,orhowfartheirheadcomesoutofthewatercan

causealargeimpactonspeed.Thesearethenanalyzedtodevelopbetterswimmingstylesfor

swimmers.Inboxing,softwareisavailabletosometeamswhichprovidesdetailedanalysisoftheir

competitors’fightstyles,andthustheirthreatsandopportunitieswhenfacingaparticularboxer.

Thishelpsthemworkontheirstrategies.Somepeoplearguethatsomeofthesetechnologicaladvancesgotoofar.Theybelievethat

theyareaformofcheatingbecausetheygiveathletesanincreasedadvantagethatisbetterthan

theirnaturalability.Itisyetuptothegoverningbodiesofdifferentsportstodecidehowfar

eachtechnologycango.32Whatcanwelearnabouttechnologyinsports?A.Thedataiscollectedbysportsscientists.B.Technologieshavenoimpactonteamsports.C.Thedataisanalyzedbypeoplerelevanttosports.D.Softwareprovidesanalysisofboxers’ownfightstyles.33.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytalkabout?A.Cyclistscanseeimportantinformationthroughtechnology.B.3D-printedprostheticlimbsarewidelyusedamongdisabledathletes.C.TheBritishcompanyservicestheaerospaceindustrieswithtechnology.D.Disabledathletescanperformbetterandbelessinjuredbyusingtechnology.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheimpactoftechnologicaladvancesonsports?A.Objective. B.Favorable. C.Opposed. D.Indifferent.【答案】32.C33.D34.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章作者通过列举科技对三项运动的影响阐述了科技进步对运动的影响，并给出了客观的评论。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Themaintechnologicalchangeinrecentyearshasbeenthroughdatacollectionandanalysis.Dataiscollectedbyunderwatercameras,tidalsensors(传感器),sensorswornbyathletes,videoanalysis,andinmanyotherways.Thedataisthenfedthroughcomputersoftwareandanalyzedbyteammanagers,sportsscientists,coaches,andplayers.(近年来的主要技术变化是通过数据收集和分析。通过水下摄像机、潮汐传感器、运动员佩戴的传感器、视频分析等多种方式收集数据。然后，这些数据通过计算机软件输入，由球队经理、体育科学家、教练和球员进行分析。)”可知，关于运动方面的科技，数据被与运动相关的人员分析。故选C。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段内容“ABritishcompany,whichusuallyservicestheaerospaceanddefenceindustries,hasworkedtoenableBritishwheelchairathletestoachievea20percentincreaseintheabilitytogainspeed.Notonlyaretheyfaster,butthepositionalchangesalsoreduceinjurytoplayers’shouldersandelbows.Forotherdisabledathletes,3D-printedprostheticlimbs(四肢)aremorelightweight,deliveringimprovedpoweroutput.(一家通常服务于航空航天和国防工业的英国公司，正在努力使英国轮椅运动员的速度提高20%。他们不仅速度更快，而且位置的改变也减少了运动员肩膀和肘部的损伤。对于其他残疾运动员，3D打印义肢更轻，提供更好的动力输出。)”可知，本段讲述残疾运动员通过使用科学技术可以表现得更好，受伤也更少。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Somepeoplearguethatsomeofthesetechnologicaladvancesgotoofar.Theybelievethattheyareaformofcheatingbecausetheygiveathletesanincreasedadvantagethatisbetterthantheirnaturalability.Itisyetuptothegoverningbodiesofdifferentsportstodecidehowfareachtechnologycango.(有些人认为这些技术进步有些过头了。他们认为这是一种欺骗，因为它们给运动员带来了比他们天生能力更好的优势。每种技术能走多远还得由不同体育项目的管理机构来决定。)”可知，作者引用了其他人的看法，并且认为科技对运动的影响多大应该由管理机构来决定，因此推断作者的态度是客观的。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inthewild,italldependsonyouwithyoursurvivalknowledgeandequipmenttolife.____35____Youmustbefamiliarwiththeuseofequipment.Theweightoftheequipmentshouldbenomorethan20kg.Herearesomenecessitiesthatareadvisedtotake.You’dbettertakeacompass.Itisnotheavy.Itisentitledtoaplaceinyourequipment.Theuseofthecompassisthemosteffective.SomepeoplemaysayGPSisverypopularnow.____36____Incold,hot,wetandotherbadconditions,suchasabout10degreesbelowzerointhenortheast,GPSuses30%moreelectricitythanroomtemperature.Besidesthat,Iwilltalkabouttheroleoffire.Fireplaysanimportantrolenotonlyincookingfood,butalsoinhelpingusresistthecold.____37____Theordinaryplasticlighterssoldonthestreetareactuallygood,lightweightandeasytouse.____38____Atleastitisabout1.5meterslongand30-50cmwide.Puttingascarfaroundyourneckca