2021届北京中医学院附属中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及参考答案

2021届北京中医学院附属中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AForsomepeople,there’snobettercompanionthanmansbestfriend-adog.Thisfour-leggedpetcanbringcomfortandjoyandprovidemuch-neededexerciseforyouwhenitneedswalkies!ThisprobablyexplainswhydogownershipincreasedlastyearbecausepeoplespentmoretimeathomeduringheCovID-I9lockdown.However,asdemandforanewdogincreased,sodidthepricetag.Popularbreeds,suchasCockapoosandCockerSpaniels,sawevensharperpriceincreases,andpuppieshavebeensellingfor$3,000ormore.Animalwelfarecharitiesfearthathighpricescouldencouragepuppyfarming,smuggling(走私)ordogtheft.Aninvestigationfoundsomebreedershavebeensellingpuppiesandkittensonsocialmediasites--somethingcharitieshavecalled“extremelyirresponsible”.Butdespitesomenewownerspurchasingadoglegally,maybefromarescuecenterorregisteredbreeder,they’veprovedtobeill-preparedforlifewithanewpet,andthepetitselfhasfoundithardtocometotermswithlifeinanewhome.Lookingtothefuture,thereareconcernsaboutthewelfareofthesemuch-lovedpets.LanAlkinmanageroftheOxfordshireAnimalSanctuaryintheUK,notes:“Atthemoment,thedogsarehavingagreattime,butseparationanxietycouldstillsurfacewhenpeoplegobacktowork.”AndCliareCalderfromtheUKsDogsTrustrescuecharitysays,“Theeconomicsituationalsomeansthatsomepeoplemayfindtheycan’taffordtolookafteradog.”Themessageisnottobuyadoginhasteandtopickonethatfitsintoourlifestyle.1.Thegreaterdemandfordogscancausethefollowingproblemsexcept________.A.illegaltradeofdogsB.lessdogfarmingC.highpricesofdogsD.onlinesaleofdogs2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"cometotermswith"inparagraph4mean?A.FitinwithB.GoinforC.Makeupfor.D.Endupwith3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Despitetheproblems,dogsarelivinghappily.B.Thewriterhasapositiveattitudetowardsdogsfuture.C.Expertsareworriedthatdogswillbeunaffordabletopeople.D.Thewriteradvisespeopletothinktwicebeforekeepingdogsaspets.BWhenJenniferDoudnawasinsixthgrade,shecamehomeonedaytofindthatherdadhadleftabooktitledTheDoubleHelixonherbed.Sheputitaside,thinkingitwasoneofthosedetectivetalessheloved.OnarainySaturday,shepickedupthebook.Asshespedthroughthepages,shebecamefascinatedbythedrama,whichencouragedhertoexplorenature'swonders.Eventhoughherhighschoolteachertoldherthatgirlsdidn'tbecomescientists,shedecidedshewould.Sheworkedwithabiologist,Charpentier,toturnacuriosityofnatureintoaninvention—aneasy-to-usetoolthatcaneditDNA.KnownasCrispr,thetoolwilltransformthehumanrace.JamesWatson,theauthorofTheDoubleHelix,latertoldheritwasthemostimportantbiologicaladvance:sinceheandFrancisCrickdiscoveredthestructureofDNA.Forthisachievement,DoudnaandCharpentierwereawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryin2020.Untilnow,onlyfivewomen,beginningwithMarieCuriein1911,hadwonorsharedtheNobelforChemistryoutof184awardwinners.Whenthisyear'sprizewasannounced,Dr.Charpentiersaiditwouldprovideamessagespecificallytoyounggirlswhowouldliketofollowthepathofscienceandtoshowthemthatwomencanalsobeawardedprizes.Afewdecadesfromnow,ifitbecomespossibleandsatetoeditDNA,shouldweallowparentstoimprovetheIQandphysicalstrengthoftheirkids?Shouldweletthemdecideeyecolor1?Skincolor1?Height?AfterhelpingtodiscoverCrispr,Dr.Doudnahasbecomealeaderinconsideringthesemoralissues.That'sthemainmessageweshouldtakefromthisNobel:Newtechnologiescanbeahugebenefittothehumanrace,butinordertomakesuretheyareusedwisely,it'simportantforpeopletounderstandthem.4.JenniferDoudnadecidedtobecomeascientistbecause,__________A.herfatherpushedherB.abookinspiredherC.herteacherencouragedherD.JamesWatsonmotivatedher5.Dr.DoudnawasawardedtheNobelPrizebecause,__________.A.shewrotethebook“TheDoubleHelix"B.shediscoveredthestructureofDNAC.sheisahardworkingwomanscientistD.shehelpedinventatoolforeditingDNA6.Accordingtopassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Thetwowomen'ssuccesswillinspiremoregirlstobedevotedtoscience.B.Since1911,therehavebeen184peoplewhowontheNobelforchemistry.C.Ifgirlsfollowthepathofscience,theywillsurelyachievetheirgoals.D.Crisprwillmakeabigdifferencetothehumanrace.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeJenniferDoudna?A.Determinedandresponsible.B.Ambitiousandhumorous.C.Cruelandindifferent.D.Fearlessandstubborn.CGlobalfooddemandwilldoubleby2050,accordingtoanewprojection,andthefarmingtechniquesusedtomeetthatunprecedented(空前的)demandwillsignificantlydeterminehowseveretheimpactisontheenvironment,researcherssaid.Thestudyresearcherswarnedthatmeetingthedemandforfoodwouldclearmoreland,increasenitrogen(氮)useandsignificantlyaddtocarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasemissions.“Agriculture’sgreenhousegasemissionscoulddoubleby2050ifcurrenttrendsinglobalfoodproductioncontinue,”studyresearcherDavidTilman,oftheUniversityofMinnesota,saidinastatement.“Thiswouldbeamajorproblem,sinceglobalagriculturealreadyaccountsforathirdofallgreenhousegasemissions.”Theresearchersstudiedvariouswaysinwhichtheincreasingfooddemandcouldbementioned.Theyfoundthatthemostenvironmentallyfriendlyandcost-effectiveapproachwouldbeformorefoodproducerstoadoptthenitrogen-efficient“intensive”farmingmethod,whichinvolvestheheavyuseoflaborandtheproductionofmorecropsperacre.Thisapproachwasshowntobemoreeffectivethanthe“extensive”farmingcurrentlypracticedbymanypoornations,amethodthatincludesclearingmorenewlandtoproducemorefood.Differentfarmingmethodsproducesignificantlydifferentyields,theresearchersfound—in2005,thecropyieldsforthewealthiestnationsweremorethan300percenthigherthanwhatthepoorestnationsproduced.Accordingtotheiranalysisoftheeffectsofextensivefarming,ifpoorernationscontinueusingthismethod,by2050theywillhaveclearedanarealargerthantheUnitedStates,about2.5billionacres.However,ifwealthynationshelppoorernationstoimprovefoodyieldsbyincorporating(吸收)intensivefarmingpractices,thatnumbercouldbereducedtohalfabillionacres.Theresearchersstressthattheenvironmentaleffectsofmeetingfuturefooddemanddependonhowglobalagricultureexpandsanddevelops.“OuranalysesshowthatwecansavemostoftheEarth’sremainingecosystemsbyhelpingthepoorernationsoftheworldfeedthemselves,”Tilmansaid.8.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.TheWorldWillNeedDoubleFoodby2050B.ManWillFacetheRiskofLackingFoodintheFutureC.FutureFarmersHoldEnvironment’sFateinTheirHandsD.DifferentFarmingMethodsProduceSignificantlyDifferentYields9.Thecharacteroftheextensivefarmingis________.A.verycost-effectiveB.toproducemorecropsperacreC.atcostofmorenewlandtoproducemorefoodD.veryenvironmentallyfriendly10.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.poorernationsmainlyusetheintensivefarmingB.wealthynationsmainlyusetheextensivefarmingC.theintensivefarmingneedslessfoodproducersD.theextensivefarminghasaworseeffectonecosystems11.Accordingtothepassage,theunderlinedword“they”inthe7thparagraphrefersto“________”.A.poorernationsB.theeffectsofextensivefarmingC.wealthynationsD.futurefooddemandDImaginaryfriendsinchildhoodrefertotheinvisiblebeingsthatachildgivesapersonalitytoandplayswithforoverthreemonths.Crabbycrab（蟹）appearedonaholidayinNorwaybyrunningoutofmyfour-year-oldsonFisher'searafteranightoftearsfromanearache.Likeotherchildhoodimaginaryfriends,CrabbyshouldbeasignthatFisher'smindisgrowinganddevelopingpositively.Indeed,researchshowsthatimaginaryfriendscanhelpdevelopchildren'ssocialskills.Researchhasshownthatthepositiveeffectsofhavingimaginaryfriendsasachildcontinueintoadulthood.Adolescentswhoremembertheirimaginaryplaymateshavebeenfoundtousemoreactivecoping（应对）styles,suchasseekingadvicefromlovedonesratherthanbottlethingsupinside.Evenadolescentswithbehavioralproblemswhohadimaginaryfriendsaschildrenhavebeenfoundtohavebettercopingskillsthroughtheteenageyears.Scientiststhinkthiscouldbebecausetheseteenshavebeenabletoadjustthemselvestothesocialworldwithimaginationratherthanchoosetobeinvolvedinrelationshipswithmoredifficultclassmates.Itcouldalsobebecausetheimaginaryfriendshelptoreducetheseadolescents,loneliness.Theseteensarealsomorelikelytoseekoutsocialconnections-theytendtoturntoothersforadvice.CurrentresearchbyToriWatsonistakingthisevidenceandlookingathowadolescentswhohaveimaginaryfriendsaschildrendealwithbullying（欺凌）atschool.Itisfoundthatteenswhoremembertheirimaginaryfriendsarebetteratdealingwithbullying.WhileweknowalotaboutchildhoodimaginaryfriendssuchasCrabbyCrabandthepositiveeffectstheycanhave,thereisstillalottolearnaboutimaginaryfriends.12.WhatisCrabbycrab?A.ItisacrabFishercaughtinNorway.B.ItisFisher'simaginaryfriend.C.ItisatoyFisherlikemuch.D.Itisacauseofearache.13.Whydochildrenwithimaginaryfriendshavebettercopingskills?A.Imaginaryfriendshelpimprovetheiradjustment.B.Havingimaginaryfriendsmakesthemsmarter.C.Theyhaverichimagination.D.Theyarenolongeralone.14.Whatwillachildwithimaginaryfriendsprobablydoifheisbullied?A.Escapefromthebully.B.Fightwiththebullybravely.C.Keepsilentaboutbeingbullied.D.Askaparentorateacherforhelp.15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheeffectofimaginaryfriends?A.Concerned.B.Doubtful.C.Optimistic.D.Indifferent.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Manystudentsstudywithlittlethoughtaboutwhatcomesaftertheirstudysession.___16___.Nowwewillexploresomeno-costwaysthatcanhelpyouimproveyourlearning.___17___.Perhapstheylookattheirphoneorcomputer.Theymightevenplayavideogameorwatchtelevision.Butresearchsuggeststhatrestingafteryoustudymayhelpyourememberwhatyoustudies.AstudypublishedinthejournalPLOSOneexaminedhowwellolderpeoplewhowereingoodhealthcouldremembercertainwords.Intwodifferentexperiments,researchersfoundthatolderadultswhorestedfor10minutesafterlearningnewwordshadbettermemoryofthosewords.“Aperiodofwakefulrestimmediatelyafternewlearningincreasesfreerecallofverbalmaterial,”theresearcherswrote.___18___.”Inadditiontowakefulrest,sleepisalsoimportantforlearning.AreportonthewebsiteofHarvardMedicalSchoolexplainsthatapersonlackingsleepcannotfocusattentionandthereforecannotlearnefficiently.___19___.Thatisessentialforlearningnewinformation.RobertStickgoldisadoctorandsleepexpertatHarvardMedicalSchool.“___20___,”hesaid.“Whenwefirstformmemories,they’reinaveryrawandfragileform.Sleepisimportantforformingmemories.”Stickgoldsuggestedthatadultsbetweentheagesof18and64getbetween7and9hoursofsleepperday.Teenagersmayneedslightlymore,andpeopleovertheageof65mayneedalittleless.A.NewmemoriescanbehardtokeepB.TheresultswerestrongevenaftersevendaysC.ButwhatyoudoafterstudyingcouldhaveaneffectonhowwellyoulearnD.NowyouhavetwosuggestionsforhowtolearnnewinformationE.ManystudentsoftengostraighttoanotheractivityafterfinishingstudyF.Byreducingyouractivityafterstudy,yourbraingetsachancetorestG.Italsosayssleepitselfhasaroleinstrengtheningmemory第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项LongagoIcametothecitynearmyhometowntofindajob.Imetallkindsof___21___andsoIusedupallmymoneysoon.Oneday,I___22___abusquietlyatduskwhenmostpeoplegotoffwork.Suddenly,a___23___criedloudly,“Someonehas___24___mymoney!”Ifelt___25___,becausehismoneywasinmy___26___.Somepeoplesuggestedthebusbe___27___tothepolicestation,butsomewereagainstit___28___theywereinahurrytogobackhome.Thewholebuswasvery___29___.Thedriverthen___30___thebusbytheroadandturnedonthelightsto___31___themoney.Atthattime,onepassengersaid,“Turnoffthelightsandgivethethiefachancetotakeoutthemoney.”Thenthebusgot___32___.WhenIwasstillstruggling(斗争)inmindwhethertotakeoutthemoneyornot,thelightswereonagain.Therewasno___33___onthefloor.Someonesaidagain,“Givehimonemore___34___.”Thenthelightswereoffagain.Myheartkeptbeatingfast.Thelightswereonagainbuttheygotthe___35___result.Thepassengerswereinheateddiscussionagain.Atthattime,someonesaidagain,“Givehimthe___36___chance!”SuddenlyIfelt___37___andtookoutallthemoneywhenthelightswereoffagain.FormanyyearsIhavefelt___38___totheonewhogavemethreechancesto___39___mymistake.Whenthefirstandsecondopportunitiescome,youmaynotbepreparedwellordon’thaveenough___40___toact.Whenthethirdopportunitycomesyoushouldknowclearlywhatyoushoulddo.21.A.difficultiesB.strangersC.dangersD.chances22.A.gotonB.waitedforC.ranforD.passedby23.A.thiefB.driverC.passengerD.policeman24.A.borrowedB.receivedC.paidD.stolen25.A.sadB.calmC.nervousD.disappointed26.A.mindB.bankC.houseD.hand27.A.pushedB.drivenC.drawnD.carried28.A.becauseB.thoughC.ifD.once29.A.noisyB.dirtyC.brightD.empty30.A.lostB.stoppedC.missedD.found31.A.takeoutB.givebackC.searchforD.throwaway32.A.coldB.darkC.cleanD.crowded33.A.moneyB.waterC.paperD.space34.A.reasonB.wayC.opportunityD.choice35.A.strangeB.excitingC.secondD.same36.A.lastB.onlyC.fairD.good37.A.upsetB.awakenedC.pleasedD.interested38.A.painfulB.sorryC.luckyD.grateful39.A.makeB.tryC.repeatD.correct40.A.strengthB.skillC.courageD.experience第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Abreakdancingvideoofamiddle-agedmanhasgoneviralonsocialmediainrecentdays.ThemaninthevideoisDuanLifu,____41.____(direct)oftheQianweiCountyEducationBureauinLeshan.Onthedaythevideowasbeingmade,DuanpaidavisittoQianweiFirstHighSchool____42.____(deliver)aspeechtodiscusseducationalissueswithteachersandparents.After____43.____hour-and-a-halflongspeech,Duanperformedthisbreakdance,through____44.____heexpectedtohelprelievestudents'pressure."Aftergivingthespeech,Igavestudentsmyphonenumberandinvitedthemtoaskquestionsaboutthings____45.____areinterestedin.Thenfelta(n)____46.____(enthusiastic)atmospherethanbefore,soIaskedmycolleaguestoconnectcellphoneswithBluetooth,andimprovised(即兴表演)theshortbreakdance,"Duansaid.Duansaidthathisbreakdancingwasself-taught____47.____hewasastudent30yearsago.Hehadn'tdancedfornearlyadecade."IlearnedtobreakdancewhenIwasatasimilaragetothesestudents."Withaseriesofprofessionaldancemoves,includingspaceslidingandmechanicaldancing,Duan'sdance____48.____(draw)cheersfromthestudents.Thevideowas____49.____(wide)postedonsocialmediaandmanynetizensalsocheeredforDuan,_____50._____(praise)himasaverylovelyleader.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节短文改错（满分10分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Itriedanewlifestyle.IgaveuptheInternet,butevendidn’twatchTV.IthoughtIwouldfeelveryboring.However,Ihadverydifferentday.Iwrotetwoarticlethatmorning.Inthepast,Ialwayswanttowriteone,butIdidn’thavetime.WhileIwasseparatedfromtheNetandTV,Icoulddevotemetowriting.Ioncereadanarticle,thatsaidthateverymorningawriterspenttwohourswritewithouttheNet.Atthattime,Ithoughtofshewastoostrict.AfterItriedthemethodmyself,Ifounditrealworthwhile.第二节书面表达（满分25分）52.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Theeight-year-oldCarollivedwithherfatherDavid,MotherMayandelderbrotherRob.Thelittlefamilyhappilylivedinabeautifulvillagesurroundedwithbeautifulnature.Thevillagewasatthefootofamountain,withbeautifulviewsofthesnowymountain.Thefamilysurvivedongrowingseasonalplantsandtrees.Theirlifeistotallysurroundedbynatureandbeauty.Whiletheylivedaveryhappylife,Caroldidnotlovethebeautifulatmosphereofthevillage.Shereallywantedtomoveintothecityandenjoythecitylife.Shewantedtoshop,movearoundthecity,watchmovies,andeatinfantasticrestaurantsandcafes,etc.However,therewashardlyanychancethatCarol'sfamilymovedtothecityastheyhadeverythinginthevillage.Oneday,Carolfellasleepduringtheearlynoonandshehadasoundsleep.Ofcourse,shehadastrangedream.Shesawhergrandmotherinherdreamasafairyandherdeceasedgrandmothergrantedherawish.Carol