剑桥中级英语语法

!现在进行时(lamdoing)45havesomethingdone

2一般现在时(Ido)46间接引语(1)(Hesaidthat...)

3现在进行时(lamdoing)与一般现在时(Ido)比较(1)47间接引语⑵

4现在进行时(lamdoing)与一般现在时(Ido)比较(2)48疑问句(1)

5一般过去时(Idid)49疑问句⑵(Doyouknowwhere...?/Sheaskedmewhere...)

6过去进行时(IwasdoinR)50助动词(have/do/can等)Ithinks。/Ihopeso等

7现在完成时(1)(Ihavedone)51附加疑问句(doyou?isn'tit?等)

8现在完成时(2)(Ihavedone)52动词+・ine形式(enjoydoing/stopdoing等)

9现在完成进行时(Ihavebeendoing)53动词+to・・・(动词不定式)(decidetodo/forgettodo等)

10现在完成进行时(1havebeendoing)与现在完成时(Ihavedone)54动词+(宾语)+」。...(Iwantvyou>I。d。等)

比较55动词(remember/regret等)+-ing形式或to…⑴

11Howkmehaveyou(been)…？56动词(try/need/help)+・inR形式或」。…(2)

12When...?与Howlong..,?比较for与since比较57动词(like/wouldlike等)+・inR形式或to・・.(3)

13现在完成时(Ihavedone)与一般过去时(Idid)比较(1)58prefer与wouldrather比较

14现在完成时(Ihavedone)与一般过去时(Idid)比较(2)59介词(in/for/about等)+・ing形式

15过去完成时(Ihaddone)6。gg/gg|usedI。something(I'mused」c...)

16过去完成进行时(Ihadbeendoing)61动词+介词+・ing形式(succeedin-ing形式/accuse

17have与havegotsomebody。］

18usedto(do)62含有・inq形式的表达法

19现在时(Iamdoing/1d。)表示将来63to・・・,for…和sothat…比较(表目的)

20(Pm)goingto(do)64形容词+to.・・

21will/shall(l)65to...(如afraidt。d。)和介词十・ing形式(如afraidof+-ing)比较

22will/shall(2)66seesomebodydo和seesomebodydoing比较

23Iwill与1mqoingto比较67・ing短语(例如:Feelingtired」wenttobedearly.)

24willbedoing与willhavedone比较68可数名词与不可数名词(1)

25WhenIdo/WhenPvedonewhen与if比较69可数名词与不可数名词(2)

26can,could与(be)ablcto比较70可数名词的单复数

27could(d。)与couldhave(done)比较71a/an与the比较

28must与can，t比较72thc(l)

29may与might比较(1)73the⑵(school/theschool)

30may与might比较⑵74the⑶(children/thechildren)

31must与haveto比较75the(4)(Thegiraffe/thetelephone/theuiano等;the+形容词)

32mustmustn'tneedn't76带the与不带the的名称(1)

33should⑴77带the与不带the的名称⑵

34should(2)78单数与复数

35hadbetterIt'stime…79名词+名词(atennisball/aheadache等)

36Can/Could/WouldYOU・・・?等80(thegiiTsname)和of...(thenameofthebook)

37IfIdo…与IfIdid…比较81afriendofminemyownhouseonmyown/bymyself

38IfIkney…IwishIknew…82myself/yourself/thcmshlvcs等

39IfIhadknowru..IwishIhadknown…83there…与it・・・

40wouldIwish...would84some与any

41被动语态⑴(isdonewasdone)85no/none/any

42被动语态(2)(be/been/beingdone)86much,manyjittlc,few,aJot,plenty

43被动语态(3)87all/allofmost/mostofno/noneof等

44Itissaidthat...Heissaidto...(be)supposedto...88both/bothofneither/neitherofeither/eitherof

89all,every与whole比较132动词+介词（2）about/for/of/after

90each与every比较133动词+介词（3）about与of比较

91定语从句⑴由关系代词who/that/which引导的从句134动词+介词（4）of/for/from/on

92定语从句(2)who/that/which的省略135动词+介词（5）in/int。/with/1。/on

93定语从句(3)whose/whom/where136短语动词（getup/breakdown/fillin等）

94定语从句(4)一一非限定性从句⑴liregiilarverbs（不规则动词）

95定语从句⑸一一非限定性从句⑵

96-in日与-ed短语比较(thewomantalkingt。Tom,theboyinjuredin

theaccident)

97以・ing和-ed结尾的形容词(boring八ored等)比较

98形容词词序(anicenewhouse)动词后面的形容词(Youlook

tired）

99形容词与副词比较（1）（quick/quickly）

100形容词与副词比较（2）（well/fast/late,hard/hardly）

101so与such比较

1。2enough与l。。比较

103quite与rather比较

1。4比较级（1）cheaDei;moreexpensive等

105比较级（2）

106比较级（3）as・・・as/than

107最高级thelongest/themostenjoyable等

108词序⑴一一动词+宾语；地点和时间

109词序（2）副词与动词

HQstill.yet与already比较anymore/anylonger/nolonger

111even

112although/though/eventhoughinspiteof/despite

113incase

H4unlessaslongas与urovided/uroviding比较

115as（原因与时间）

116like与as比较

117asif

118for,diiTin2与while比较

119by与until比较bythetimc・・・

12。at/on/in（时间）

121ontime/intime/attheend/intheend

122in/at/on（地点）⑴

123in/at/on（地点）（2）

124in/at/on（地点）（3）

125t。/at/in/into

126on/in/at（其他用法）

127b、

128名词+介词（表示原因的for,表示起因的of等）

129形容词+介词（1）

13。形容词介词（2）

131动词+介词(1)at与to比较

Exercises1

1现在进行时(Iamdoing)

1.1用下列动词的适当形式完成句子：

请看下列例句：comegethappenlookmakestartstaytrywork

1.*You'reworkinghardtoday/4Yes,Ihavealottodo.'

Annisinhercar.Sheisonherwaytowork.

2.IfbrChristine.Doyouknowwheresheis?

Sheisdrivingtowork.3.Itdark.ShallIturnonthelight?

在说话时，她正驾车行驶。驾驶动作还没有完成。4.Theyhaven'tgotanywheretoliveatthemoment.Theywithfriendsuntil

theyfindsomewhere.

am/is/are-ing是现在进行时的构成形式：5.4Areyouready,Arm?''Yes,I

6.Haveyougotanumbrella?Ittorain.

Iam(=I'm)driving

7.Youalotofnoise.Couldyoubequieter?Ito

he/she/itis(=he's等)workingconcentrate.

8.Whyareallthesepeoplehere?What?

we/you/theyare(=we're等)doing等

1.2用括号中的词完成下列问句。

Iamdoingsomething表示：我正在做某事；我已开始做某事，但尚未完成。通常是在说话时动作仍1.'IsColinworkingthisweek?*'No,he'sonholiday/(Colin/work)

2.Whyatmelikethat?What'sthematter?(you/look)

在发生着：

3.Jennyisastudentatuniversity/'Isshe?What?'(she/study)

Pleasedon'tmakesomuchnoise.Tmworking.(而非Iwork)4.totheradioorcanIturnitoff?(anybody/listen)

5.HowisyourEnglish?better?(it/get)

4Where'sMargaret?''She'shavingabath/(而非shehasabath)

1.3用动词的适当形式填空。有时需要用否定形式(Fmnotdoing等)

Let'sgooutnow.Itisn'traininganymore.(而mEitdoesn'train)1.Tmtired.fmgoing(go)tobednow.Goodnight!

2.Wecangooutnow.Itisn'training(rain)anymore.

(在一个聚会上)Hello,Jane.Areyouenjoyingtheparty?(而非doyouenjoy)

3.'Howisyournewjob?'4Norsogoodatthemoment.I(enjoy)itverymuch.

I'mtired.Tmgoingtobednow.Goodnight!4.Catherinephonedmelastnight.She'sonholidayinFrance.She(have)agreat

timeanddoesn'twanttocomeback.

但是，动作并不是必须在说话时发生着：

5.1wanttoloseweight,sothisweekI(eat)lunch.

TomandAnnaretalkinginacafe.Tomsays:6.Angelahasjuststartedeveningclasses.She(learn)German.

7.1thinkPaulandAnnhavehadanargument.They(speak)toeachother.

I'mreadinganinterestingbookatthemoment.

1.4读下列布莱恩和萨拉的对话，用动词的适当形式填空。

rillendittoyouwhenI'vefinishedit.SARAG:Brian!Hownicetoseeyou!What(1)(you/do)thesedays?

BRIAN:I(2)(train)tobeasupermarketmanager.

在说话时，汤姆并不是正在读书。他的意思是他己经开始读书了。

SARAG:Really?What'sitlike?(3)(you/enjoy)it?

但还没读完这本书。BRIAN:It'sallright.Whataboutyou?

SARAG:Well,actuallyI(4)(not/work)atthemoment.

再看一些例句：

I(5)(try)tofindajobbutit'snoteasy.

CatherinewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningkalian.(但是可能她在说话时没学意大利语)ButTmverybusy.I(6)(decorate)myflat.

BRIAN:(7)(you/do)italone.

Somefriendsofminearebuildingtheirownhouse.Theyhopeitwillbefinishedbeforenextsummer.

SARAN:No,somefriendsofmine(8)(help)me.

现在进行时用来表示现在这一阶段正在发生的动作或行为(例如I：today/thisweek/thisevening等):1.5用下列动词完成句子。有的词可以重复使用，有的则不必使用。

getchangerisefallincrease

'You'reworkinghardtoday*'Yes,Ihavealottodo.'(而非youworkhardtoday)

1Thepopulationoftheworldisrisingveryfast.

'IsSusanworkingthisweek?*'No,she'sonholiday/2Kenisstillillbuthebetterslowly.

3Theworld.Thingsneverstaythesame.

现在进行时用来表示现在一段时间内正在发生的变化：

4Thecostofliving.Everyyearthingsaremoreexpensive.

Thepopulationoftheworldisrisingveryfast.(而三rrises)5Theeconomicsituationisalreadyverybadanditworse.

IsyourEnglishgettingbetter?(而非doesyourEnglishgetbetter)

2一般现在时（Ido）Exercises

请看下列例句：2.1用下列动词完成句子:

cause(s)close(s)drink(s)live(s)open(s)speak(s)take(s)place

Alexisabusdriver,butnowheisinbedasleep.

1AnnspeaksGermanverywell.4Baddriving_________manyaccidents.

因此：Heisnotdrivingabus.(Heisasleep.)

2Inever_________coffee.5Myparents_________inaverysmallflat.

但是：Hedrivesabus.(Heisabusdriver.)3Theswimmingpool_________at96TheOlympicGames_________everyfour

drive(s)/work(s)/do(es)etc.是一般现在时的构成形式:o'clockand_________at18:30eveiyyear.

day.

用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

I/we/you/theydrive/work/do等2.2

1Janedoesn'tdrink(not/drink)teaveryoften.

he/she/itdrives/works/does等

2Whattime(thebanks/close)inBritain?

一般现在时用来表示一般时间发生的动作或行为，并不只是眼于现在。它用来表示所有时候的动作

3€Where(Martin/come)from?'He'sScottish/

或作为，或是重复的动作或行为，或是普遍真理，两种动作是否发生在说话时并不很重要。4I**4W**hat(you/do)?'4rmanelectricalengineer/

Nurseslookafterpatientsinhospitals.5It(take)meanhourtogettowork.Howlong(it

Iusuallygoawayatweekends./take)you?

6I(play)thepianoputI(not/play)verywell.

Theearthgoesroundthesun.

7Idon'tunderstandthissentence.What(thisword/mean)?

用he/she/il作主语时，不要忘了动词原形后加s,es或其他形式：

2.3用下列动词的适当形式填空，有时需要用否定形式：

Iwork…但用Heworks...Theyteach…但用Mysisterteaches...believeeatflowgogrowmakerisetelltranslate

一般现在时动词第三人称单数的拼写法参见附录6。1Thesungoesroundtheearth.7Aninterpreterfromone

一般现在时的疑问句和否定句中使用do/does:2Ricedoesn'tgrowinBritain.languageintoanother.

doI/we/youtheywork?1/we/you/theydon'twork3Thesunintheeast.8Aliarissomeonewhothe

4Beeshoney.truth.

doeshe/she/itcome?he/she/itdoesn'tcome

5Vegetariansmeat.9TheRiverAmazonintothe

do?do

6AnatheistinGod.AtlanticOcean.

IcomefromCanada.Wheredoyoucomefrom?2.4根据莉兹与她家庭的情况提问。

'Wouldyoulikeacigarette?*4No,thanks.1don'lsmoke/1YouknowthatLizplaystennis.Youwanttoknowhowoften.Askher.

Whatdoesthiswordmean?(而非Whatmeansthisword?)Howoftendoyouplaytennis?

Ricedoesn'lgrowincoldclimates.2PerhapsLiz'ssisterplaystennistoo.Youwanttoknow.AskLiz.

yousister.

在下列例句中，do和doesn't后的do仍是主要动词：

3YouknowthatLizreadsanewspapereveryday.Youwanttoknowwhichone.Askher.

'Whatdoyoudo?(=What'syourjob?)'Iworkinashop/

He'ssolazy.Hedoesn'tdoanythingtohelpme.(而三、Hedoesn'tanything.)4YouknowthatLiz'sbrotherworks.Youwanttoknowwhathedoes.AskLiz.

一般现在时用来表示经常发生的动作或行为：

Igetupat8o'clockeverymorning.(而非I'mgetting.)5YouknowthatLizgoestothecinemaalot.Youwanttoknowhowoften.AskLiz.

Howoftendoyougotothedentist?(而非Howoftenareyougoing?)

6Youdon'tknowwhereLiz'smotherlives.AskLiz.

Anndoesn'tdrinkteaveryoften.

InsummerJohnusuallyplaystennisonceortwiceaweek.2.5用下列短语完成句子：

Ipromise/1apologise等IapologiseIinsistIpromiseIrecommendIsuggest

有些行为是靠说话的。如做出允诺，可以说【promise…；提建议，可以说1suggest...。在这类句子中1It'saniceday.Isuggestwegooutforawalk.

使用一般现在时：2Iwon'ttellanybodywhatyousaid..

(在餐馆)

IpromiseIwon'tbelate.(而非I'mpromising)3Youmustletmepayforthemeal..

4forwhatIsaidaboutyou.Itwasn'ttrueandIshouldn'thavesaidit.

'WhatdoyousuggestIdo?’Isuggestthatyou../

5ThenewrestaurantinHillStreetisverygood.it.

同样也可以说：Iapologise.../1advise.../1insist.../1agree…/1refuse...等

3现在进行时(lamdoing)与一般现在时(Ido)比较(1)Exercises3

3.1划线部分的动词是否正确？不正确，请改正。

请看下列例句：

1Waterboilsat100degreesCelsius.对。

现在进行时(Iamdoing)一般现在时(Ido)2Thewaterboils.Canyouturnitoff?错：isboiling

进行时表示说话时正在发生的行为，动作还没一般现在时表示一般行为或不断重复发生的行3Look!Thatmantriestoopenthedoorofyourcar.

4Canyouhearthosepeople?Whatdotheytalkabout?

有完成。

为。5Themoongoesroundtheearth.

IamdoingIdo6Imustgonow.Itgetslate.

7Iusuallygotoworkbycar.

8"Hurryup!It'stimetoleave/'OK,Icome/

过去现，在_______________接来过去现在_______________接来

9Ihearyou'vegotanewjob.Howdoyougeton?

Thewaterisboiling.Canyouturnitoff?Waterboilsat100degreesCelsius.3.2用动词的现在进行时或一般现在时而形式填空。

Listentothosepeople.WhatlanguagearetheyExcuseme,doyouspeakEnglish?1Let'sgoout.Itisn'training(not/rain)now.

2Juliaisverygoodatlanguages.Shespeaks(speak)fourlanguagesverywell.

speaking?Itdoesn'trainverymuchinsummer.3Hurryup!Everybody(wait)foryou.

Let'sgoout.Itisn'trainingnow.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?4'(you/listen)totheradio?''No,youcanturnitoff.'

4

'Don'tdisturbme.I'mbusy.'4Why?WhatareWhatdoyoudo?(=What'syourjob?)5'(you/listen)totheradioeveryday?No,justoccasionally.

6TheRiverNile(flow)intotheMediterranean.

youdoing?'Ialwaysgotobedbeforemidnight.7Lookattheriver.It(flow)veryfasttoday-muchfasterthanusual.

I'mgoingtobednow.Goodnight!Mostpeoplelearntoswimwhentheyare8Weusually(grow)vegetablesinourgardenbutthisyearwe

MariaisinBritainatthemoment.She'schildren.__________________(not/grow)any.

94HowisyourEnglish?5"Notbad.It(improve)slowly/

一般现在时表示永久的情况：

learningEnglish.10RonisinLondonatthemoment.He(start)tofeeltired.

进行时表示暂的情况：MyparentsliveinLondon.Theyhavelived11Canwestopwalkingsoon?I(start)tofeeltired.

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