英语高考创新备考讲义必修一Module6

Ⅰ.重点单词—识记·联想·运用[会书写]一、核心单词1.softwaren.软件2.sourcen.来源；出处3.dataadj.(复)数据4.networkn.网络5.documentn.文件6.passvt.超过7.averageadj.平均的二、阅读单词1.crashvi.(计算机)崩溃2.breakdownn.故障3.percentagen.百分数；百分率4.militaryadj.军事的；军队的5.definiteadj.明确的6.fantasticadj.极好的；美妙的7.essayn.文章8.statisticsn.统计数字三、拓展单词1.accessn.接近；通路→accessibleadj.可进入的；可使用的2.defencen.保护；防卫→defendvt.防护；防卫3.designvt.设计→designern.设计者4.inventionn.发明→inventvt.发明→inventorn.发明者5.containvt.包含；包括→containern.容器6.createvt.创造；发明→creationn.创造(力)→creativeadj.有创造力的7.concentratevi.集中(注意力、思想等)→concentrationn.集中；专心8.permissionn.许可→permitvt.许可n.许可证9.independentadj.独立的→independencen.独立→dependv.依靠；依赖10.disadvantagen.弊端；缺点→advantagen.(反义词)优点11.shortenvt.缩短→shortadj.短的；缺乏的12.frequentlyadv.时常；经常→frequentadj.频繁的→frequencyn.频率[会积累]1.dis－前缀高频词集锦①disordern.杂乱；混乱②dishonestadj.不诚实的③disappearv.消失④discouragev.使失去勇气⑤disagreev.不同意；不赞同⑥disablev.使失去能力⑦disadvantagen.缺点；不利条件2.“频率”降下来①alwaysadv.总是②usuallyadv.通常③frequently(＝often)adv.时常④sometimesadv.有时⑤seldom(＝rarely)adv.不常⑥neveradv.从不3.“v.＋prep./adv.”合成名词万花筒①breakdown故障②breakup破裂③breakthrough突破④make－up化妆品⑤get－together聚会⑥setback挫折4.“adj.＋－en→v.”的演变①strong→strengthen加强②ripe→ripen变成熟③short→shorten变短④wide→widen(使)变宽⑤deep→deepen使变深⑥sharp→sharpen削尖，磨快⑦dark→darken使变暗⑧hard→harden使变硬[会应用]用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thefloodcutofftheonlyaccesstothevillage,soitisnotaccessibletotheoutsidenow.(access)2.Mr.Smith,aninventor,__hasinventedmanyusefulthingsandhasmademuchmoneyfromhisinventions.(invent)3.Concentrationisimportantforthiskindofwork,andonlybyconcentratingonitcanyougetitdonewell.(concentrate)4.ThefamousbuildingissaidtobedesignedbyanoutstandingdesignercalledJason.(design)5.Asaconsequenceoffrequentsmoking,thefrequencyofhisasthmaattackisincreasing,andhecoughsfrequently.(frequent)Ⅱ.核心短语—识记·联想·运用[会书写]1.consist__of由……组成2.as__well也3e__up__with提出4.concentrate__on聚精会神；集中思想5pared__with与……相比6.logon/off注册/注销7.beeknownas...作为……而出名；被称为……，叫作……8.godown下降9.fromthatmomenton从那时起10.aseriesof一系列的[会积累]1.“由……组成”短语多棱镜①consistof由……组成②bemadeupof由……组成③beposedof由……组成2.“v.＋up＋with”短语大聚会①eupwith提出②catchupwith赶上；追上③keepupwith跟上④putupwith容忍；忍受3.由logon/off想到的①turnon/off打开/关闭②switchon/off打开/关闭③geton/off上车/下车[会应用]选用上表左栏短语填空1.Customsofficialshavemadea__series__ofcontradictorystatementsabouttheequipment.2.Itispricedat$1，000,butshesaysthatthepricewouldgo__downiftheproductsweretoevergointomassproduction.3.Hecame__up__withgoodideaswhichnobodyeverconsideredbefore.4.Theparkconsists__ofmanyworld－famoussections,suchasMainStreet,Adventureland,NewOrleansSquare,andsoon.5.Thereisnodoubtthatwhatacleanerdoesisharderpared__withanyotherjobinthesociety.6.Themanagerconcentrated__onhisjob,sohedidnotheartheloudnoiseoutsidehisoffice.Ⅲ.经典句式—分析·背诵·仿写句型公式1：“makeit＋adj.＋forsbtodosth”结构，在此复合结构中，it作形式宾语。[教材原句]Berners－LeemadeitpossibleforeveryonetousetheInternet,notjustuniversitiesandthearmy.贝尔纳斯·李让每个人都能使用互联网成为可能，而不仅限于大学和军队。[句型仿写]Tomake__it__easier__to__get__in__touch__with__us,__you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.(2016·北京卷·单选)为了更便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。句型公式2：not...everyone表示部分否定。[教材原句]OurEnglishteacherisexcellent,butshecan’thelpeveryoneintheclassin50minutes.我们的英语老师非常棒，但是她不可能在50分钟内帮助班里的每一位同学。[句型仿写]Thetruthisthatnot__everyoneisattachinggreatimportancetotimemanagement.事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得重要。句型公式3：Whynotdo...？“为什么不做……？”，常在口语中用来提出建议。[教材原句]I’mhomenow,whynotgivemeacall?我现在在家，为什么不给我打呢？VisitingtheexhibitionwillmakeyouexposedtoChinesetraditionalculture.Why__not__haveatry？(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·满分作文)参观展览会使你接触中国传统文化。为什么不试一下呢？Ⅳ.语篇填空—回顾·补全·热诵根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheInternet,whichis1.the__biggest(big)sourceofinformation，consistsof2.millions(million)ofpagesofdata.Everyoneintheworldcanaccessit3.using(use)theWorldWideWebthroughaputer.Buthowdiditdevelop？In1969，itwasaUSdefenceorganisation4.thatdevelopedawayforalltheirputersto“talk”toeachotherthroughthetelephone.Thenin1984，theUSNationalScienceFoundationstartedtheNSFNETnetwork.Itthenbecamepossibleforuniversities5.to__use(use)thesystemaswell.LaterTimBerners－Lee，anEnglishscientistcameup6.withtheideaoftheWorldWideWeband7.invented(invent)itin1991，whichallowedputeruserstoaccessdocumentsfromotherputers.Fromthatmomenton，thewebandtheInternetgrew.Withinfiveyears8.thenumberofInternetusersrose9.quickly(quick).TheInternethascreatedthousandsofmillionaires，butBerners－Leeisnotoneofthem.Henowworksasa10.lecturer(lecture)ataninstitute.[核心词汇]1.accessn.接近；通路；接近或进入的权利/机会/通路vt.进入；存取(尤指电脑数据)(1)accessto...接近……的机会；进入……的权利have/get/gain/obtainaccessto...得以接近/会见/进入……(2)accessibleadj.可进入的；可使用的beaccessibleto可进入……的；可使用……的①TheWorldWideWeb(theweb)isaputernetworkthatallowsputerusersto__access(access)informationfrommillionsofwebsitesviatheInternet.(教材原句)万维网是一个电脑网络，它使电脑用户通过因特网可以从数百万的网站上获取信息。②Itwasreallyannoying;Icouldn’tgetaccesstothedatabankyouhadremended.(2016·天津卷·单选)真烦人，我无权使用你推荐的资料库。③Medicineshouldnotbekeptwhereitisaccessible(access)tochildren.药品应放在孩子们够不着的地方。2.concentratevi.集中(注意力、思想等)(1)concentrate...on/upon(doing)sth把……专注于(做)某事concentrateon/upon...专注于……(2)concentrationn.专心，集中①Whenyouconcentrateononetask,youfindyouhaveenergythatyoudidn’tevenknowyouhad.当你集中于一项任务时，你会发现你拥有甚至自己都不知道的能量。②Lackingsleepcausedhimpoormemoryandpoorconcentration(concentrate).缺少睡眠导致他的记忆力很差而且无法集中注意力。[名师指津]表示“集中精力于……”的短语有：①concentrateattentionon/upon②fix/focusone’sattention/mindon/upon...③beabsorbedin④putone’sheartinto⑤buryoneselfin/beburiedinsth3.averageadj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准v.平均为；计算出……的平均数anaverageof平均withthe/anaverageof平均为on(the/an)average平均起来；在一般情况下above/below(the)average高于/低于平均数①Asthe__average__age__ofthepopulationincreases，therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.(2016·天津卷·单选)随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老年人需要照顾。②It’sasmallshop,with__an__average__ofabout500customersaweek.这是一家小店，每周平均约有500名顾客。③ItissaidthatthetimespentonhomeworkbytheChinesestudentsismorethanfourhoursadayonaverage.(2018·厦门模拟·满分作文)据说，中国学生每天花在作业上的时间平均超过4个小时。4.containvt.包含；包括；容纳；忍住，抑制containoneself克制自己；自制containern.容器①ACD－ROMisaseparatediskthatcontains(contain)lotsofinformation.(教材原句)只读存储器是一个包含很多信息的单独的盘。②Hewastooexcitedtocontainhimself(he)whentheboxwastobeopened.当盒子被打开的瞬间他激动得不能自已。[辨析比较]contain，includecontain通常用来指某容器中盛有某物、装有某物；还可指某种物质中含有某种成分或含有其他物质，指作为组成部分而被包含或容纳在内include通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内，在句中常构成分词短语sthincluded或includingsth选用以上单词填空③Theboxcontainsanumberofletters，includingthosefromheradmirersandofcoursehislettersincludedaswell.5.designvt.设计；构思；企图n.设计；图案(1)design...for...为……而设计……bedesignedfor/todo...目的是……bedesignedas被设置为……(2)bydesign有意地，故意地①Hedesigned(design)thefirst“webbrowser”，whichallowedputeruserstoaccessdocumentsfromotherputers.(教材原句)他设计出了第一个“网络浏览器”，这使得电脑用户可以从其他电脑上读取文件。②Theyaskedmetodesignaposterforthecampaign.他们请我为这次运动设计一张海报。③Shearrivedjustaswewereleaving,butwhetherthiswasbyaccidentorby__designI’mnotsure.她刚好在我们正要离开时到达，但我不能肯定这是出于偶然还是故意。6.consistof由……组成；由……构成(1)consistof＝bemadeupof＝beposedof由……组成makeup组成；构成；占……比例(2)consistin＝liein在于；存在于……consistwith与……一致①Anecosystemconsists__ofthelivingandnon－livingthingsinanareawhichinteractwithoneanother.(上海卷·单选)生态系统是由一个区域中相互作用的生物和非生物组成的。②Lifemainlyconsists__ofhappinessandsorrowwhilehappinessandsorrowconsist__instruggle.生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。③Theinformationconsists__withwhatissaidinthenewspaper.消息与报纸上说的一致。[名师指津]consistof为及物动词短语但是没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。7eupwith提出；想出；赶上eup走近；上来；被提出，被提及(无被动形式)eabout发生；产生eacross(偶然)遇到或发现；被理解eout出来；出版eto来到(某地)；加起来总共；恢复知觉Whenitesto...当涉及/谈到……①Hecame__up__withtheideaoftheWorldWideWebin1989whilehewasworkinginSwitzerland.(教材原句)1989年当他在瑞士工作期间，提出了(组建)万维网的想法。②Unfortunately,onthewayanunpleasantsubjectcameupandtheystartedtoquarrel.(2017·浙江10月卷)不幸地是，在途中一个不愉快的话题被提及，他们开始争吵。③Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whomIhadn’tseenforyears.(2016·天津卷·单选)沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了。[重点句型]Berners－Leemade__it__possible__for__everyone__to__usetheInternet,notjustuniversitiesandthearmy.贝尔纳斯·李让每个人都能使用互联网成为可能，而不仅限于大学和军队。该句型为“makeit＋adj.＋forsbtodosth”结构，其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是forsbtodosth。当不定式短语或从句等作宾语时多用it作形式宾语，常见句型：(1)动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋(forsb)todosth(2)动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋从句(3)动词＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue/worth/worthwhile＋doingsth常用于该句型的动词：make/think/consider/find/feel/believe等。①Unfortunately,thetreesmade__it__impossibleforpeopletoseeherfromabove.(2018·浙江10月卷·满分作文)不幸地是，这些树木使人们从上面看到她成为不可能。②Susanmadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。③Iconsideritnousequarrelling(quarrel)withhimaboutit.我认为就这件事和他争吵是没有用的。[当堂达标]Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Thesunfromwhichwegetheatandlightisthemostimportantsource(来源)ofenergy.2.Thepublictransportationinthiscityisveryconvenient,wheremanybusesrunfrequently(经常).3.Ifyouareabletotalktoafriendoverthetelephone,youfeelthatyouarecloseeveniftheactualdistanceisnotshortened(缩短).4.Thedogmaybeagoodpanionfortheold.However,theneedtotakeitforwalksmaybeadisadvantage(弊端).5.Anyonewhoisinpossessionofweaponswithoutpermission(许可)isconsideredlaw－breaking.6.Tom,Iknowyouareindependent(独立的)anddon’tneedanymoneybutIthinkthatyoumightjustaswellbringsomejustincase.7.Thiskindofmusiccreated(创作)fiftyyearsagoisstillpopulartoday.8.Thankstotheinvention(发明)ofthemobilephone,peoplecannowkeepintouchwitheachotherquiteeasily.9.Youneedtodoublecheckthedata(数据)whenyouhavefinishedinordertoavoidanypossibleinaccuracy.10.Thelawyerwasexpectedtoeupwithsomeproposalsafterreadingallthosedocuments(文件).Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Thebook,designed(design)foryoungadults,turnedouttobepopularwiththeelderly.2pared(pare)withothergoodstudents,inmyopinion,Tomisamoresatisfyingstudent.3.Withhisattentionconcentratedonhishomework,Johndidn’tnoticemeein.4.Nomatterhowfrequently(frequent)praised,Ialwaysremembernevertostopimprovingmyself.5.Bestknown(know)asanauthoroffairytales,Andersenwrotealotofchildren’sstories.6.Alltheroomsinthisbuildingaresowelldesignedthattheyareaccessible(access)tothedisabled.7.TheUKstandsfortheUnitedKingdom,whichconsistsofEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.8.Theleader’sspeechindefenceofthepolicydidn’tcarrymuchconviction.Ⅲ.单句改错1.Wemustmakecleartothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetoprotectourenvironment.make后加it2.Hepickedupanenvelopecontained500dollarsinit.contained→containing3.Severalstudentscameupsomegoodsuggestionsonhowtorunaclasswell.up后加with4.Inaverage,howmuchtimedoyouspendonsportsactivitieseachweek?__In→On5.Whataniceday!Whynottogooutforawalk？去掉toⅣ.一句多译/句型转换1.我们班由21名男生和20名女生组成。①Ourclassconsists__oftwenty－oneboysandtwentygirls.(consist)②Ourclassis__made__up__of__twenty－oneboysandtwentygirls.(make)③Ourclass__is__posed__oftwenty－oneboysandtwentygirls.(pose)2.Heconcentratedhismindonhisworkanddidn’tnoticemyappearance.→Withhismindconcentratedonhiswork,__hedidn’tnoticemyappearance.(用with复合结构改写)→Hismindconcentratedonhiswork,__hedidn’tnoticemyappearance.(用独立主格结构改写)3.Itispossibleforeverystudentinourschooltouseaputerinclass.→Ourschoolmakesitpossibleforeverystudenttouseaputerinclass.4.Studentsshouldhaveaccesstodatabaseintheschoollibrary.→Thedatabaseintheschoollibraryshouldbeaccessibletostudents.[课下作业]题型组合练Ⅰ.语法填空(2018·湖北八校联考)Foryou，the“ClearandBright”daythatfallsineveryAprilmightbenomorethanjustanotherholiday—thefactthatiteswiththreedaysoffschoolmatterstomoststudents1.________(much)thanthefactthatitispartofthe24solarterms(二十四节气).ButthisancientsystemthatChinesepeoplehaveused2.________(keep)trackofthetimeofyearwasaddedtotheUNESCOlistofIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity(人类非物质文化遗产)onNov.30.Tobefair，thetermsdosoundold；they3.________(invent)thousandsofyearsagotoofferweatherinformationforagricultural4.________(activity).Butthetruthis5.________theystillhaveaninfluenceonourlivestoday，evenifwedon’trealizeitmostofthetime.Forexample，peoplefrom6.________(north)Chinaareinthehabitofeatingdumplings7.________thedayofWinterSolstice(冬至).AndonStartofAutumn,sometreat8.________(they)toabigfeast，especiallyofmeat，somethingtheycall“puttingonautumnweight”，ortieqiubiao.AccordingtoChinesewriterandacademicYuShicun，thesystemisaphilosophyoftime，9.________appliestoeverything.Andthismeanstheyare10.________(likely)todieout.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国二十四节气的价值和历史。1.more[考查副词的比较级。根据空格后的“than”可知，此处应用much的比较级more。]2.tokeep[考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，空格处在句中作目的状语，故用动词不定式。故填tokeep。]3.wereinvented[考查动词的时态和语态。该句的主语they代指theterms，和动词invent之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据句中时间状语“thousandsofyearsago”可知，该句陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wereinvented。]4.activities[考查名词复数。根据常识可知，一年中有很多农业活动。activity为可数名词，故此处用其复数形式。故填activities。]5.that[考查表语从句。此处分析该句结构可知，空格处引导表语从句，从句句意完整，不缺成分。故填that引导该表语从句。]6.northern[考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词China，意为“中国北方”。故填northern。]7.on[考查介词。根据空格后的“thedayofWinterSolstice(冬至)”可知，此处特指冬至那天，表示在具体的某一天应用介词on。]8.themselves[考查反身代词。空处作treat的宾语，表示“他们自己”，故用themselves。]9.which[考查非限制性定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是aphilosophyoftime，在定语从句中作主语。故用关系代词which引导该定语从句。]10.unlikely[考查形容词。根据语境可知，这种系统适用于一切事物；这意味着它们不可能消亡。故用likely的反义词unlikely，意为“不太可能的。”]Ⅱ.短文改错(2018·华南师大附中三模)WiththedevelopmentofInternet,moreandmorepeopletendtosendelectroniccardsinsteadofpaperoneatNewYear’stimeparingwithtraditionalcards,e－cardshavemanyadvantages.Youcangetnotpicturesbutsoundsandevenanimationsaswell.Also,it’sfastertosendane－card.Therearemanywebsitesonlinewhichdifferentvarietiesofcardsaremoreavailable.Ifnoneofthesecardsareinterestingtoyou,youcandesigndifferentcardsusingflashandothersoftware.Moreimportantly，withthepopularityofe－cards,fewerpaperisusedformakingpapercards，whichcontributetotheenvironmentprotection.Inaword，e－cardsarebeingmoreinterestinglyandlivelyinourlife.答案WiththedevelopmentofInternet，moreandmorepeopletendtosendelectroniccardsinsteadofpapereq\f(one,ones)atNewYear’stime.eq\f(paring,pared)withtraditionalcards,e－cardshavemanyadvantages.Youcangetnotpicturesbutsoundsandevenanimationsaswell.Also,it’sfastertosendane－card.Therearemanywebsitesonlineeq\f(which,where)differentvarietiesofcardsareeq\a\vs4\al(more)available.Ifnoneofthesecardsareinterestingtoyou,youcandesigndifferentcardsusingflasheq\f(and,or)othersoftware.Moreimportantly，withthepopularityofe－cards,eq\f(fewer,less)paperisusedformakingpapercards，whicheq\f(contribute,contributes)totheenvironmentprotection.Inaword，e－cardsarebeingmoreeq\f(interestingly,interesting)andlivelyinourlife.Ⅲ.书面表达(2018·郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)假定你是新华中学的学生李华，上周日你不慎把书包遗失在操场上，里面有学生证、、钱包等物品，你校外教Mr.Smith捡到后上交给学校。请你用英语给他写封感谢信。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearMr.Smith，Yours，LiHua【参考范文】Dear__Mr.Smith，I’mLiHua，astudentfromXinhuaMiddleSchool.I’mwritingthislettertothankyouforreturningmyschoolbag.LastSundayafternoon,afterIplayedbasketballwithmyfriendsontheplayground,Ileftmyschoolbagthereowingtomycarelessness.Iwasworriedbecausemystudent’sIDcard，cellphone,walletandsomedocumentswereallinit,whichareveryimportanttome.JustasIwasataloss,Iwasinformedthatmyschoolbagwasattheschool’sLostandFound,whereIknewitwasyouwhohadpickedupmyschoolbagandhandeditin.It’ssuchagreatkindnessthatI’mextremelygratefultoyou.Youdidsetagoodexampletous.Yours，Li__Hua基础回扣练(回扣B1M4－B1M6)Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Ourcarhadabreakdown(故障)onthewaytotheairportlastweek.2.Thetrafficjamsinmanycitiesmakecitizensfeelfrequently(经常)disturbed.3.Noonebelievesthesmalldarklabishometosomanygreatinventions(发明)atfirstsight.4.Expanding(扩大)yourknowledgebyreadingmorebooksisawisechoice.5.Havingsurvived(大难不死)thatnight,wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.6.Fortunately(幸运地),theoldmanwassavedbyalittleboypassingby.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Havingspentnearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordto__stay(stay)atahotel.2.Don’tbothergetting/to__get(get)dinnerformetoday.I’lleatout.3.Iapproachedhimabout/onfillingthemanager’sjob.4.Survivors(survive)oftheaccidentwererushedtothenearesthospitalinnotime.5.Don’targueaimlessly(aim).Let’ssitdownandtalkthingsover.6.Manypeoplehaveetorealizethattheyshouldkeepabalanced(balance)diet.Ⅲ.选词填空consistof,eupwith,besupposedto,beproudof,findout,getawayfrom1.Atthemeeting,shecame__up__withanewideaforincreasingsales.2.Weare__supposed__toundertaketheresponsibilitytoleadalow－carbonlifestyle,whichisofgreatsignificance.3.Iwasluckyenoughtostudyabroadasanexchangestudent,andthisallowedmetoimprovemylanguageskillsandfound__outmoreaboutthelocalculture.4.Watchoutforthedog.You’dbetterget__away__fromit.5.Consi