湖南省岳阳市2024-2025学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题【含答案解析】

岳阳市2025年高中教学质量监测试卷高一英语本试卷共12页，共67道小题，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、考号、姓名和座位号填写在答题卡指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，只交答题卡。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.HowdoesRichardfeelaboutthetest?A.Nervous.B.Confident.C.Curious.2.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Studyhard.B.Seeadoctor.C.Findapart-timejob.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Dailybusiness.B.Buyingahouse.C.Goingtothebeach.4.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Turnonafan.B.Leavetheoffice.C.Setoffthealarm.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Caring.B.Responsible.C.Careless.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话和独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读2遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7小题。6.WhyisJaneworkingatthecafe?A.Toearnsomemoney.B.Togainworkexperience.C.TopracticeherspokenEnglish.7.Whatdoestheboythinkofhersister?A.Tired.B.Happy.C.Sad.听第7段材料，回答第8至10小题。8.WhomwillMikegototheairportwith?A.Hisfather.B.Hisfriend.C.Hisneighbor.9.HowwillMikegototheairport?A.Bycar.B.Bytaxi.C.Bybus.10.WhyisMikegoingtoChina?A.Tovisithisfamily.B.Togosightseeing.C.Totakeabusinesstrip.听第8段材料，回答第11至13小题。11.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman'sworkexperience?AShehasworkedasawaitressfor7years.B.Shehasworkedatseveraldifferentrestaurants.C.SheisworkinginthediningroomatHillHotel.12.Whydoesthewomanwanttogiveupherpresentjob?A.Shecan'tworkfulltime.B.Itistoofarfromherhouse.C.Sheisunsatisfiedwiththesalary.13.Whenistherestaurantclosed?A.OnThursdays.B.OnFridays.C.OnSundays.听第9段材料，回答第14至17小题。14.Howoldisthegirlnow?A.12.B.13.C.15.15.Whatistheruleofthecompetition?A.Thestoryshouldbelong.B.Thestoryshouldincludecats.C.ThetitleofthestoryshouldbeTheCity.16.Howlongcanthegirlprepareforthestory?A.Abouttwoweeks.B.Aboutthreeweeks.C.Aboutamonth.17.Whatisthemanprobably?A.Awriter.B.Ateacher.C.Aclubsecretary.听第10段材料，回答第18至20小题。18.Whatdoesthestorytoldbythespeakermean?A.Humansarepowerful.B.LanguageiscreatedbyGod.C.Communicationisveryimportant.19.Whatdoesthespeakerregardforeignlanguagesas?A.Knowledge.B.Atool.C.Askill.20.Howwillthespeakerteach?A.Bymakingconversations.B.Bytellingstories.C.Bywrittentests.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHeleneSula,atravelbloggerwhohasbeentodozensoffestivemarkets,hassharedhertopfourfavouritesnottomissthisDecemberonherwebsite.Cologne,GermanyThetravelbloggersaid“Cologne’smarketisbreathtaking.ThetallGothicbuildingmakestheperfectsettingforthefestivelights.”AccordingtoHelene,“Themarketislarge,withmanyfoodchoices—besuretotrythepotatopancakesandmulledwine.It'salsogreatforfamilies,withanice-skatingrinkandcarousel(旋转木马).”Heidelberg,Germany“You’llfeelstrongChristmasatmospherewhenwalkingthroughthebeautifulhistoricoldtown,withthelit-upHeidelbergCastleoverlookingthecity,”commentedthetraveller.“Theice-skatingrinkandwarmtreatslikesausagesmakethismarketfeelcozyandmagical.”StrasbourgFranceHelenecommented,“KnownastheCapitalofChristmas,StrasbourgisoneoftheoldestandmostbeautifulChristmasmarketsinEurope.”“Thewholecityturnsintoafestivefairyland,withbeautifuldecorations.”Ribeauville,FranceAccordingtoHelene,thishistoricmarketoffersatripbackintimetoChristmasofyearspast.“Thetownfeelslikeit'srightoutofastorybook,withmedieval(中世纪的)music,costumes,andperformancesthattakeyoubackintime.”“It’sonlyopentwoweekendsayear,soyouhavetoplan!”1.Whichmarketissuitableforafamily?A.Cologne. B.Strasbourg. C.Heidelberg. D.Ribeauville.2.WhatdoHeidelbergandRibeauvillehaveincommon?A.Bothareopentwoweekendsayear.B.Bothareknownforancientcastles.C.BothprovideagreathistoricalChristmasatmosphere.D.BothofferamodernandcommercialChristmasexperience.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Aposter. B.Ablogpost. C.Aguidebook. D.Atravelmagazine.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。是一篇关于旅行博主HeleneSula分享她在12月最不容错过的四个节日市场的文章，分别介绍了德国的科隆、海德堡以及法国的斯特拉斯堡和里博维莱的节日市场特色。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Cologne,Germany部分的“It’salsogreatforfamilies,withanice-skatingrinkandcarousel(旋转木马).(这里还有适合家庭的活动，比如滑冰场和旋转木马)”可知，科隆的市场有溜冰场和旋转木马，适合家庭游玩，所以适合家庭的市场是科隆，故选A项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Heidelberg,Germany部分的“You’llfeelstrongChristmasatmospherewhenwalkingthroughthebeautifulhistoricoldtown(当你漫步在这座美丽的历史古镇时，你会感受到浓厚的圣诞氛围)”以及Ribeauville,France部分的“AccordingtoHelene,thishistoricmarketoffersatripbackintimetoChristmasofyearspast.“Thetownfeelslikeit’srightoutofastorybook,withmedieval(中世纪的)music,costumes,andperformancesthattakeyoubackintime”(根据Helene的说法，这个具有历史意义的市场能让人仿佛回到过去的圣诞节。“这个镇子就像直接从故事书里走出来的一样，有着中世纪的音乐、服装和表演，带你穿越时空)”可知这个具有历史意义的市场能让人仿佛回到过去的圣诞节。“这个镇子就像直接从故事书里走出来的一样，有着中世纪的音乐、服装和表演，带你穿越时空，可推理出海德堡和里博维莱都能提供很棒的具有历史感的圣诞氛围，故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“HeleneSula,atravelbloggerwhohasbeentodozensoffestivemarkets,hassharedhertopfourfavouritesnottomissthisDecemberonherwebsite(HeleneSula是一位旅游博主，她去过很多节日集市，在她的网站上分享了今年12月不容错过的四个最爱的集市)”可知，博主HeleneSula去过很多节日集市，在她的网站上分享了今年12月不容错过的四个最爱的集市，可推理出这篇文章很可能是来自一篇博客文章，故选B项。BColinhascompletedtheDublinMarathonbypushinghisfriendinawheelchairacrossthefinishline.The48-year-oldactorranthefinal4kilometresofthe42kmracewhilepushinghisfriendEmma,wholiveswitharareskincondition,totheendoftherace.BackhomeinhisnativeIreland,ColinranthemarathontoraisemoneyforDEBRA,anIrishcharitysupportingpeoplewho,likeEmma,havetheincurablegeneticconditionepidermolysisbullosa(EB)—alsoknownasbutterflyskin.EmmaisIreland’soldestsurvivingpersonwiththecondition,andafterreachingamilestoneofturning40inJune,sheandColinpromisetocompletetheracetogether.AccordingtothePAMedianewsagency,Emmawasbornwithasevereformofthecondition,asshewasbornwithnoskinonherleftfootandrightarmandcandevelopverypainfulblisters(水疱)fromeventheslightesttouch.ColintoldPA,‌“IhaveknownEmmaformanyyears.Thatrunwasnothingcomparedtothepainsheisforcedtoendureeverysingleday,eventhoughshedoesn’tshowit.”‌“Itwasanhonourtoseeherwaitingformewith4kmtogo,eachofthoserepresentingadecadeofherlife,andtodothefinalstretchtogether.I’llneverforgetit.”AlsospeakingtoPA,Emmasaid,‌“ThiswasadreamcometrueformeandIwanttothankColin,whohasbeenthebestfriendIcouldwishfor.”‌“HehasalwaysshownhisempathyforpeoplelivingwithEBandisatruechampioninmyeyes.Runningamarathonisnevereasybutoncehecommittedtoittherewasnogoingback,heisamanofhisword.”4.WhydidColintakepartinthemarathoninhishometown?A.Topushhisfriendtorecover.B.Tocelebratehisfriend’s40thbirthday.C.TocontributetofundraisingforEBsufferers.D.TokeephispromisetocompletetheDublinMarathon.5.WhatdoyouknowaboutEmma’sconditionfromthepassage?A.Itisseverebutcurable. B.Itonlyaffectsherskin.C.Itisgettingincreasinglyserious. D.Itmakeshersufferfromalighttouch.6.HowdidColinfeelaboutEmmarunningthemarathon?A.Worried. B.Curious. C.Confident. D.Nervous.7.WhatdoesEmmathinkofColininthelastparagraph?A.Heisareliableman. B.Heisagoodrunner.C.Heisaselfishfriend. D.Heisabornchampion.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了48岁的演员科林推着患有罕见皮肤病的朋友艾玛跑完都柏林马拉松最后4公里，为支持EB患者的慈善机构筹款的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“BackhomeinhisnativeIreland,ColinranthemarathontoraisemoneyforDEBRA,anIrishcharitysupportingpeoplewho,likeEmma,havetheincurablegeneticconditionepidermolysisbullosa(EB)—alsoknownasbutterflyskin.(回到家乡爱尔兰，科林参加马拉松是为了给DEBRA筹款，这是一个爱尔兰慈善机构，支持像艾玛一样患有无法治愈的遗传性大疱性表皮松解症(EB)——也被称为蝴蝶皮肤的人)”可知，科林参加家乡的马拉松是为了给EB患者的慈善筹款做贡献。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“AccordingtothePAMedianewsagency,Emmawasbornwithasevereformofthecondition,asshewasbornwithnoskinonherleftfootandrightarmandcandevelopverypainfulblisters(水疱)fromeventheslightesttouch.(据PA媒体通讯社报道，艾玛天生患有严重的这种疾病，她出生时左脚和右臂就没有皮肤，即使最轻微的触碰也会产生非常疼痛的水疱)”可知，艾玛的病情让她因轻微触碰就痛苦不堪。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“ColintoldPA,‘IhaveknownEmmaformanyyears.Thatrunwasnothingcomparedtothepainsheisforcedtoendureeverysingleday,eventhoughshedoesn’tshowit.’(科林告诉PA：‘我认识艾玛很多年了。和她每天被迫忍受的痛苦相比，那次跑步算不了什么，尽管她没有表现出来。’)”可知，科林认为与每天被迫忍受的痛苦相比，艾玛参加的跑步算不了什么。由此推知，科林对艾玛跑完马拉松很有信心。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中艾玛的话“HehasalwaysshownhisempathyforpeoplelivingwithEBandisatruechampioninmyeyes.Runningamarathonisnevereasybutoncehecommittedtoittherewasnogoingback,heisamanofhisword.(他一直对患有EB的人表示同情，在我眼里他是真正的冠军。跑马拉松从来都不容易，但一旦他承诺了就不会回头，他是个信守诺言的人)”可知，艾玛认为科林是个可靠的人。故选A项。CKidshavealwayspushedlimitsandaskedthingsharmfultothem.Whilekidsexploreparents’“edges”oflimits,parentsarereallystrugglingtodotheirs,makingthefamilysystemunbalancedandaffectingmentalhealth.Actually,animportantbasicrulehasbeenforgottenintheirlife:boundaries(边界).Thecostofnotbeingabletosetboundarieswithkidshasneverbeenhigherthanbefore.Decadesago,itmightbeasmallthinglikeanextracupcakeorstayingoutlate.Now,it’saboutunlimitedTikTokuseortoomanyvideogamesinsteadofreal-worldactivities.Parentsarefacingaproblem—notonlyaproblemofphonesandsocialmedia,butalsoaproblemofSturdyLeadership.SturdyLeadershipisawayforparentstobeinchargewheretheysetrulesandstillkeepacloserelationshipwiththeirchildren.Theydothisbyvalidatingtheirchild’sfeelingswhileholdingfirmonwhatisbestforeveryone.Imagineafatherjusttoldhis12-year-olddaughter“no”whensheaskedtohaveapartytoolateandsheisunderstandably-annoyedwithhimaboutnotgettingwhatshewants.Inthismoment,SturdyLeadershipcouldlooksomethinglikethis:“Igetthatyou’reupset,Ireallydo.Butoneofmymainjobsistomakedecisionsthatlthinkaregoodforyou,evenwhenyou’reupsetwithme.”Boundarysetting—earlyandoften—isimportant.WhenthedaycomesthatourkidsaskforaphoneorforInstagram,ourapproachwillnotbedifferentfromthecommon“mediapolicy”wehaveasparents;ourapproachwillsimplybeanextendedwaywe’vealwaystalkedtoourkidsaboutwhattheywantandaskfor.Whileourkidswillneverthankusforchangingourrules,theywill,yearslater,verymuchbenefitfromoursturdinessandactsofprotection.8.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofkidsinparagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopicofthearticle.B.Topresentthebackgroundofthearticle.C.Toexplainthewritingstyleofthearticle.D.Tostatethereasonsforwritingthearticle.9.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?A.Bystatingfacts. B.Bylistingcauses.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Bymakingcomparisons.10.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“validating”inparagraph3?A.Supporting. B.Recognizing. C.Ignoring. D.Challenging.11.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?A.Todiscussthebenefitsofboundarysetting.B.Tocallonparentstosetboundariesfortheirchildren.C.Tostressthenegativeeffectsofphonesandsocialmedia.D.Toexplaintheimportanceofsetting“mediapolicy”forkids.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了在养育孩子的过程中设立边界的重要性，以及如何通过坚实的领导力来维护边界。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Kidshavealwayspushedlimitsandaskedthingsharmfultothem.Whilekidsexploreparents’“edges”oflimits,parentsarereallystrugglingtodotheirs,makingthefamilysystemunbalancedandaffectingmentalhealth.Actually,animportantbasicrulehasbeenforgottenintheirlife:boundaries(边界).(当孩子们在探索父母的“界限”时，父母在设立他们的界限时真的很挣扎，这使得家庭系统失衡，影响了心理健康。事实上，他们的生活中已经忘记了一个重要的基本规则：界限)”可知，作者在第一段中提到孩子的例子是为了介绍文章的主题：父母要给孩子设定界限。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Decadesago,itmightbeasmallthinglikeanextracupcakeorstayingoutlate.Now,it’saboutunlimitedTikTokuseortoomanyvideogamesinsteadofreal-worldactivities.(几十年前，这可能是一件小事，比如额外的蛋糕或晚归。现在，这是关于无限制使用抖音或玩太多电子游戏，而不是现实世界的活动)”可知，作者通过对比几十年前和现在孩子们提出的要求来阐述问题，以此方式展开第二段，故选D。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句子“SturdyLeadershipisawayforparentstobeinchargewheretheysetrulesandstillkeepacloserelationshipwiththeirchildren.Theydothisbyvalidatingtheirchild’sfeelingswhileholdingfirmonwhatisbestforeveryone.(坚强的领导是一种让父母掌握主动权的方式，他们在制定规则的同时，与孩子保持密切的关系。他们这样做是通过validating孩子的感受，同时坚守对所有人最好的事情)”可推测出，与孩子保持密切的关系，是对孩子感受的认可。所以“validating”一词意思接近于“recognizing(认可)”。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Boundarysetting—earlyandoften—isimportant.WhenthedaycomesthatourkidsaskforaphoneorforInstagram,ourapproachwillnotbedifferentfromthecommon“mediapolicy”wehaveasparents;ourapproachwillsimplybeanextendedwaywe’vealwaystalkedtoourkidsaboutwhattheywantandaskfor.Whileourkidswillneverthankusforchangingourrules,theywill,yearslater,verymuchbenefitfromoursturdinessandactsofprotection.(尽早且经常地设定界限是很重要的。当有一天我们的孩子要求使用手机或照片墙时，我们的做法将与我们作为父母的常见“媒体政策”没有什么不同；我们的方法将简单地扩展我们一直与孩子们谈论他们想要什么和要求什么的方式。虽然我们的孩子永远不会感谢我们改变了我们的规则，但多年以后，他们会从我们的坚强和保护行为中受益匪浅)”可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是呼吁家长为孩子设立界限。故选B。DPlantsaremuchmoreactivethanyoumightthink.Eventhoughtheydon’tlookliketheyaremoving,plantsweaveandjiggle.Sunflowersplantedinafielddoacomplex“dance”thatmaximizes(使最大化)theamountofsunlighteachplantgetsandallowsthemalltogrowbetter.ScientistsfromTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavediscoveredhowsunflowersworktogethersothattheirleavesmoveoutoftheshadowsoftheirneighbors.Allplantsmoveastheygrowandreachuptowardsthelight.However,researchershavefoundthatrandom(随机的)movementsofindividualpartscanunexpectedlyleadtoregularorderedpatterns.In2017,researchersattheUniversityofBuenosAiresinArgentinafoundoutthatwhensunflowersareplantedreallyclosetogether,theynaturallygrowinazigzagshape.Thishelpsthemavoidblockingeachother’ssunlight,soeachplantgetsasmuchlightaspossible.Naturehasmanyexampleswhererandomly-actingindividualpartscreateself-organizedsystems,suchashoneybeesthatcollectivelybuildnests,orantsfindingtheshortestroutetofood.Withthelateststudyonplants,insteadoflookingatfieldsofsunflowers,ProfessorYasmineMerozandherteamgrewtheminalaboratoryandfilmedthemtoseeifrandommovementscouldcreatetheorderedpatternsseeninplantation.Theteambelievesthatthelooping(环状的)andjagged(锯齿状的)movementshelptheplantsexploretheirsurroundingsandfindawaythatbenefitstheirgrowth.“It’ssomewhatlikeacrowdeddanceparty,whereindividualsmovearoundtocreatemorespace,”saidMeroz.“Iftheymovetoomuch,theymightgetinthewayoftheotherdancers,butiftheymovetoolittle,thecrowdingproblemwon’tbesolved,leavingonecornerofthesquareovercrowdedandtheotherempty.”Theteamhopestheresearchaboutsunflowerswillgivepeopleadeeperunderstandingofhowplantsbehaveandwillallowfarmerstocomeupwithnewplantingstrategiesinthefuture.12.Whydosunflowersdoacomplex“dance”?A.Togetequalsunlight.B.Toworktogetherwiththeirneighbors.C.Toremovetheirleavesfromtheshadows.D.Tosecureenoughsunlightforbettergrowth.13.Whatdidtheresearchshowinparagraph2?A.Plantsallmoveandreachuptowardsthelight.B.Sunflowersplantedcloseblockeachother’ssunlight.C.Randomindividualactionmayresultinorderedpattern.D.Regularmovementscanunexpectedlyformrandomsystems.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Plantsmoveinawaytogainspace.B.Plantsexploreabetterwaytogrowthroughmovements.C.Thegrowthofplantscanlargelyaffecthowtheybehave.D.Theresearchcanprovidefarmerswithnewplantingstrategies.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthearticle?A.Sunflowers:teaminguptosharesunlight.B.Plants:creatingself-organizedpatterns.C.Irregularmovements:creatingorderedpatterns.D.Clevernature:possessingintelligentcreatures.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了向日葵通过合作来一起分享阳光。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sunflowersplantedinafielddoacomplex“dance“thatmaximizes(使最大化)theamountofsunlighteachplantgetsandallowsthemalltogrowbetter.

(种在地里的向日葵会做复杂的“舞蹈”，最大限度地提高每株植物获得的阳光量，使它们都能更好地生长)”可知，向日葵进行复杂的“舞蹈”是为了确保足够的阳光以改善增长。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“However,researchershavefoundthatrandom(随机的)movementsofindividualpartscanunexpectedlyleadtoregularorderedpatterns.(但是，研究人员发现，个体的随机运动会出乎意料地导致常规的有序模式)”可知，第二段的研表明随机的单个行动可能导致有序模式。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Theteambelievesthatthelooping(环状的)andjagged(锯齿状的)movementshelptheplantsexploretheirsurroundingsandfindawaythatbenefitstheirgrowth(团队认为，环状的和锯齿状的运动有助于植物探索周围的环境，并找到一种使他们的成长有益的方法)”可知，植物通过运动探索更好的生长方法。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Sunflowersplantedinafielddoacomplex“dance”thatmaximizes(使最大化)theamountofsunlighteachplantgetsandallowsthemalltogrowbetter.ScientistsfromTelAvivUniversityinIsraelhavediscoveredhowsunflowersworktogethersothattheirleavesmoveoutoftheshadowsoftheirneighbors.(种植在田野中的向日葵做一个复杂的“舞蹈”，使每种植物获得的阳光量最大化，并使它们都能更好地生长。来自以色列特拉维夫大学的科学家发现了向日葵如何一起工作，以使它们的叶子从邻居的阴影中移出。)”可知，文章主要讲述了向日葵通过合作来一起分享阳光。A项“向日葵：合作分享阳光。”适合作文章标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We’vebeentalkingaboutthetopicofextrovert(外向者)andintrovert(内向者)foralongtime.Usually,peopleprefertobeextroverts.Fromayoungage,manyofuslearnthebenefitsofbeinganextrovert—thoseindividualsarecheerfulandcharming,whoalwaysseemtobeabletoexpresstheiropinionseasily.However,thisisnotthecaseforeveryone.___16___Actually,wearetaughttoadmirethesecharactersearlyonandareoftenencouragedtoplayandcommunicatewithotherkids.Childrenaremadetobemoreoutgoing,___17___Althoughtheymayseemtoenjoythecompanyofothers,theymaystillgetverytiredinbusysocialsituations.___18___Extrovertscountonsocialinteraction,whileintrovertsaremorecomfortablewithstayingalone.Theycanconcentratebetterandarelesslikelytobedisturbedbyexternalenvironment.Theseallowthemtodigdeeperintotheirstudiesorwork,____19____Astudyshowsextremelonelinessdoesnotaffectintrovertsasmuchasextroverts.Lackofsocialcontactmayleadtoextrovertsbeingdepressedandlonely.Butit’snotjustinanextremesituationthattheadvantagesofbeinganintrovertshinethrough.Thesepeopleseemtohavemoretimeforreflectionandthuscanbecomemorebalanced.___20___And,theythinkbeforetheyspeak.Finally,introvertsareoftenfantasticobservers,assittingoutofthefocuscangiveyoumoretimetowatchthebehaviourofothers.So,whateveryourpersonality,eitherintrovertorextrovert,thereareclearadvantagestobeingeither,andifyoumeetanintrovert,youmightjustendupwithanamazingfriend.A.Theyalsotendtobegoodlisteners.B.Soisbeinganextrovertreallybetter?C.Theyusuallylikereadinganddrawing.D.withsomepeoplebecomingfakeextroverts.E.Thenhowaboutthebenefitsofbeinganintrovert?F.achievinghigherlevelsofunderstandingandcreativity.G.Inthisway,wearemorelikelytobuildgoodrelationshipswithothers.【答案】16.B17.D18.E19.F20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了外向者和内向者的特点及其优势。文章指出，尽管社会通常更倾向于外向者，但内向者也有其独特的优势，尤其是在深度思考和创造力方面。【16题详解】根据上文“Usually,peopleprefertobeextroverts.Fromayoungage,manyofuslearnthebenefitsofbeinganextrovert—thoseindividualsarecheerfulandcharming,whoalwaysseemtobeabletoexpresstheiropinionseasily.However,thisisnotthecaseforeveryone.(通常，人们更喜欢外向。从很小的时候起，我们中的许多人就了解到了外向的好处——这些人是开朗迷人的，他们似乎总是能够轻松地表达自己的观点。然而，并非所有人都是如此)”可知，上文介绍了外向者的优点，但是作者认为并不是每个人都是这样的，也有内向的人，下文应该介绍作者会质疑外向更好的想法，B项“Soisbeinganextrovertreallybetter?(那么外向真的更好吗？)”承上启下，符合语境，故选B项。【17题详解】根据上文“Actually,wearetaughttoadmirethesecharactersearlyonandareoftenencouragedtoplayandcommunicatewithotherkids.Childrenaremadetobemoreoutgoing(事实上，我们从小就被教导要欣赏这些角色，并经常被鼓励与其他孩子一起玩耍和交流。孩子们变得更加外向)”可知，上文说的是很多孩子是被教导而显得外向，这种外向只是一种表象，D项“withsomepeoplebecomingfakeextroverts.(有些人变成了假外向的人)”说明了一种情况，即有些孩子为了迎合大人的期望而假装外向，符合语境，故选D项。【18题详解】根据下文“Extrovertscountonsocialinteraction,whileintrovertsaremorecomfortablewithstayingalone.(外向者依赖于社交互动，而内向者则更喜欢独处)”可知，本段在比较外向者和内向者的不同之处，E项“Thenhowaboutthebenefitsofbeinganintrovert?(那么内向有什么好处呢？)”引出下文关于内向者的讨论，符合语境，故选E项。【19题详解】根据上文“Theseallowthemtodigdeeperintotheirstudiesorwork(这些让他们更深入地学习或工作)”可知，本句承接上文，进一步说明内向者的优势，F项“achievinghigherlevelsofunderstandingandcreativity.(达到更高的理解和创造力水平)”说明了内向者的优势，符合语境，故选F项。【20题详解】根据下文“And,theythinkbeforetheyspeak.Finally,introvertsareoftenfantasticobservers,assittingoutofthefocuscangiveyoumoretimetowatchthebehaviourofothers.(他们会在说话之前思考。最后，内向者通常是很棒的观察者，因为坐在焦点之外可以让你有更多的时间观察他人的行为)”可知，本段主要介绍内向者的其他优点，A项“Theyalsotendtobegoodlisteners.(他们也往往是很好的倾听者)”引出下文对内向者其他优点的介绍，符合语境。故选A项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AsNicoleandMathandrovetheirfamilyoffourbackhometoFargo,NorthDakota,aftervisitingtheirGrandpaMikeinTexas,theyhadtwotearfullittlekidsintheback.Why?Well,duringthe___21___,theyfellinlovewithahomelessdogthatwalkedbyaimlessly—andkeptcomingback.Atfirst,Nicoletoldthekidstobecautiousandnotto___22___him.Buthewasjustso___23___tothekidsandlaterhewonthefamilyover.Together,thefamilytookthedoghome,givinghimabath,somefoodandevenaname:Country.Inthebackyard,thelivelykidsandCountry___24___adelightfulplaytime.Thekidswererunningaroundincircles,laughingwithjoy,whilethedog___25___themwithitstailwaggingwithpleasure.Theirlaughterandthedog’sexcitedbarksfilledtheair,creatingahappy___26___.Witheachpassingday,thekidsgrewmore___27___toCountry.Sowhenitwastimetoleave,thekidsburstintofloodsof___28___.Littledidtheyknow,theirGrandpaMikewas___29___aChristmasplan.Becausewhenhesawhowthedogwasaroundthekids,heknewCountrywas___30___forthem.SoMikedecidedto___31___hisgrandkidsonChristmasmorningby___32___Countrymorethan1,200milesfromTexastoNorthDakota.“Iwantedtomakethemhappy,”hesaid.Thekidswerefullof___33___toseeCountryagain,especiallywhentheylearnedhewastheirsto___34___.SoforChristmas,thefamilygaveCountryaforeverhome,andhegavethefamilytheirbestChristmas___35___.21.A.festival B.exploration C.visit D.adventure22.A.attack B.ignore C.admire D.touch23.A.pleasant B.familiar C.similar D.rude24.A.took B.performed C.caught D.shared25.A.bit B.followed C.greeted D.found26.A.scene B.event C.activity D.ending27.A.responsible B.generous C.attached D.devoted28.A.sweat B.tears C.laughter D.anger29.A.countingon B.cookingup C.bringingout D.showingoff30.A.useful B.fancy C.typical D.special31.A.calm B.award C.surprise D.inspire32.A.driving B.renting C.recovering D.gathering33.A.confidence B.satisfaction C.anxiety D.excitement34.A.stay B.collect C.keep D.approach35.A.effort B.gift C.option D.tradition【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.D25.B26.A27.C28.B29.B30.D31.C32.A33.D34.C35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Nicole和Mathan一家在探望爷爷后回家的路上遇到了一只流浪狗Country，并与之建立了深厚的感情。当要离开时，孩子们很难过，但爷爷Mike为了让他们高兴，决定把Country从德克萨斯州开车送到北达科他州作为圣诞惊喜送给他们。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在拜访期间，他们爱上了一只漫无目的地走来走去又不断回来的流浪狗。A.festival节日；B.exploration探索；C.visit拜访；D.adventure冒险。根据第一段的“aftervisitingtheirGrandpaMikeinTexas”可知，此处指“在拜访期间”。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初，Nicole让孩子们小心，不要碰它。A.attack攻击；B.ignore忽视；C.admire钦佩；D.touch触摸。根据前文的“ahomelessdog”可知，既然是流浪狗，那么Nicole让孩子们不要碰这只狗。故选D项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但它对孩子们很友好，后来它赢得了全家人的喜爱。A.pleasant令人愉快的，友好的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.similar相似的；D.rude粗鲁的。根据后文的“andlaterhewonthefamilyover”可知，这只狗对孩子们很友好。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在后院，活泼的孩子们和Country度过了一段愉快的玩耍时间。A.took带走；B.performed表演；C.caught抓住；D.shared分享。根据前文的“Together,thefamilytookthedoghome,givinghimabath,somefoodandevenaname:Country.Inthebackyard,thelivelykidsandCountry”以及后文的“adelightfulplaytime.”可知，这家人和这只狗相处地很好，所以他们一起度过了一段愉快的玩耍时间，此处指孩子们和这只狗在后院分享了一段愉快的玩耍时间。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们绕着圈跑来跑去，开心地笑着，而狗则摇着尾巴快乐地跟着他们。A.bit咬；B.followed跟随；C.greeted问候；D.found发现。根据后文的“themwithitstailwaggingwithpleasure”可知，狗摇着尾巴快乐地跟着孩子们。故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的笑声和狗的兴奋的叫声充满了空气，创造了一个快乐的场景。A.scene场景；B.event事件；C.activity活动；D.ending结局。根据前文的“Theirlaughterandthedog'sexcitedbarksfilledtheair”可知，孩子们的笑声和狗的叫声创造了一个快乐的场景。故选A项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，孩子们对Country越来越依恋。A.responsible负责的；B.generous慷慨的；C.attached依恋的；D.devoted忠实的。根据前文的“Theirlaughterandthedog’sexcitedbarksfilledtheair”可知，孩子们和Country玩地很好，随着时间的推移，孩子们对这只狗越来越依恋。beattachedto依恋于，固定短语。故选C项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当离开的时候，孩子们突然泪流满面。A.sweat汗水；B.tears泪水；C.laughter笑声；D.anger愤怒。根据前文的“Theirlaughterandthedog’sexcitedbarksfilledtheair”以及“Sowhenitwastimetoleave”可知，孩子们和Country玩地很好，以至于要分开时，孩子们泪流满面。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们不知道的是，他们的爷爷Mike正在筹划一个圣诞计划。A.countingon依靠；B.cookingup筹划；C.bringingout出版；D.showingoff炫耀。根据后文的“aChristmasplan”可知，此处指Mike爷爷正在筹划一个圣诞计划。故选B项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为当他看到这只狗在孩子们身边时，他知道Country对他们来说是特别的。A.useful有用的；B.fancy时髦的；C.typical典型的；D.special特别的。根据后文的“SoMikedecidedto__11__hisgrandkidsonChristmasmorningby__12__Countrymorethan1,200milesfromTexastoNorthDakota.”可知，既然Mike爷爷把这只狗从德克萨斯州开车送到北达科他州送给孩子们可知，说明Mike爷爷认为这只狗对孩子们来说是特别的。故选D项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以Mike决定在圣诞节的早上给孙子们一个惊喜，把Country从德克萨斯州开到1200多英里外的北达科他州。A.calm使平静；B.award授予；C.surprise使惊讶；D.inspire鼓舞。根据后文的Mike爷爷的话“Iwantedtomakethemhappy”可知，Mike爷爷想让孩子们开心，所以此处指Mike爷爷想给孙子们一个惊喜。故选C项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以Mike决定在圣诞节的早上给孙子们一个惊喜，把Country从德克萨斯州开到1200多英里外的北达科他州。A.driving开车；B.renting租用；C.recovering恢复；D.gathering聚集。根据后文的“morethan1,200milesfromTexastoNor