2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国甲卷)英语试题含答案

绝密★启用前2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国甲卷)英语注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.答案是C。1．Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A．Havebreakfast.B．Takeawalk.C．Callhisoffice.[答案]B2．WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?A．Havingameeting.B．Flyinghome.C．Workingonaproject.[答案]C3．Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?A．It'sbig.B．It'squiet.C．It'snew.[答案]B4．Howdoesthewomansound?A．Annoyed.B．Pleased.C．Puzzled.[答案]A5．Whereistheman'stable?A．Nearthedoor.B．Bythewindow.C．Inthecorner.[答案]C第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?A．Eatout.B．Goshopping.C．Dosports.[答案]A7．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Bossandsecretary.B．Hostessandguest.C．Husbandandwife.[答案]C听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?A．Theirbusinessisslow.B．Theweatherisfavorable.C．It'seasytohirepeople.[答案]A9．Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A．Finishitallatonce.B．Havethesalessectiongofirst.C．Doonedepartmentatatime.[答案]C听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?A．Howtoappreciateartworks.B．Howtodealwithartists.C．Howtorunamuseum.[答案]A11．WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?A．Hestudiedatacollege.B．Heservedinthearmy.C．Heworkedinagallery.[答案]A12．WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?A．Rembrandt's.B．Botticelli's.C．Rubens'.[答案]C听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A．Atalibrary.B．Inalawfirm.C．Onatrain.[答案]C14．BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?A．March.B．August.C．October.[答案]B15．WhydidJohnquithispart­timejob?A．Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.B．Hewasofferedabetterone.C．Hegottiredofit.[答案]A16．WhatisSusan'sattitudetoJohn'sproblem?A．Carefree.B．Understanding.C．Forgiving.[答案]B听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?A．Afitnesscoach.B．Achessplayer.C．Amarathonrunner.[答案]B18．Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?A．HewasmotivatedbyBolt.B．Hebrokeaworldrecord.C．Hewonfifthplace.[答案]C19．Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?A．Gettingoveraninjury.B．Doingstrengthtraining.C．RepresentingBotswana.[答案]A20．Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A．Hisplantogoforthegold.B．Hisexperienceonthetrack.C．Hisloveforhishomecountry.[答案]B听力录音材料Text1M：Jenny,youcanjustdropmehere.W：Butwe'retwostreetsawayfromtheoffice.M：It'sfine.Ihadabigbreakfastandfeellikeabitofwalk.Text2W：Hello,George.Youlooktired.Didn'tsleepwelllastnight?M：No,notatall.Ihadtoworkflatouttomeettheprojectdeadline.NowI'mreallyfeelingabitrun­down.Text3W：John,can'twegosomeplaceandtalk？It'ssonoisyinhere.M：Well,there'sasmallparkacrossthestreet.It'susuallynotcrowdedatthistimeofday.Text4W：We'vegottodosomethingabouttheneighbor'sdog.M：Why？Hashebeenintoyourflowergardenagain?W：Theflowergarden,thegarbagecan,andyesterdayhestarteddiggingholesintheyard.Text5M：Hello,wehaveareservationinthenameofMr.Jones.Isthereanytablebythewindow?W：Sorry,we'vegotthiscornertableforyou.It'squiethere,notclosetothedoor.Text6W：Dave,don'tforgetweareinvitedouttodinnertonight.M：Ohyeah!Ialmostforgot!Whattime?W：7：30.Weshouldleavethehouseby6：30.Youknowhowbadthetrafficisthattimeofnight.M：It'sinformal,isn'tit?W：Yeah.Youcanwearyournewsportsjacket,theoneIgotyouasananniversarygift.M：OK.Well,I'vegottogo.I'lltrytogethomealittleearliertoday.W：Good.Text7M：Weneedtodecideexactlywhenwe'regoingtomove.Anysuggestions?W：IthinkJulywouldbethebesttime.Oursalesarealwaysdownthatmonth.Wecouldmovealltheofficeequipmentataweekend—doeverythingatonce.M：Ithinkaweekendistooshort.Maybeweshoulddoitdepartmentbydepartment.W：Whatdoyoumean?M：Well,eachweekadifferentdepartmentwouldmove.Thatway,therewouldalwaysbepeopleheretohandlecustomerinquiries,phonecallsandsoon.W：Hmm,that'sagoodidea.Text8W：So,Mr.PeterSelz,I'dbecurioustoknowwhatweretheearlyconnectionsinyourlifethatledyouintotheartfield.M：MygrandfatherwasanartdealerinMunich.TheyhadagreatmuseuminMunich.Hetookmetothemuseum,andIrespondedverystronglytowhatIsawonthewallsthere.Ilearnedaboutartfromhim.Ilearnedaboutlookingatartfromhim.Ithinkthat'swhatreallygotmestarted.Thenmanyyearslater,afterIgotoutofthearmy,IwenttostudyarthistoryattheUniversityofChicago.W：Tellusmoreaboutyourexperiencesoflookingatartwithyourgrandfather.M：Well,welookedatthefamouspaintingsbythegreatartistslikeRembrandt,BotticelliandAlbrechtDürer.Rubens'paintingsweremyfavorites.Yes,Irememberthesethings!ThiswaswhenIwasbetweentenandfifteen.WhenIwasfourteen,IwassoanxioustoseemoreartthatafriendofmineandIbicycledacrosstheAlpstoseeVenus.Thatwasabigadventure.Text9W：Hi,John.Haven'tseenyouforages!M：Hi,Susan.Fancymeetingyouhereonthetrain.W：Howisyourcollegelife?M：WhatcanIsay？I'vesurvived.W：Whathappened?M：Well,earlylastMarch,Istarteddoingapart­timejobinalawfirm.Afewweeksbefore,Ihadstartedwritingmytermpaper.IthoughtIcouldfinishitbyAugust.W：Thatwasaprettygoodidea，tryingtohavesomeworkexperience.M：Forthefirstthreeweeks,youknow,Itried.Igotupearlyandworkedforanhouronmypaperbeforegoingtowork.Butworkwassofun.Imettonsofnewpeople,andsoonIcouldn'tfindevenaminuteformypaper.SoIhadtoquitmypart­timejob,andfinallyfinishedmypaperinOctober.W：Well,it'snevertoolatetomend.It'skindofhardtofindabalancebetweenwhatyouhavetodoandwhatyouwanttodo.M：Yeah,it'sreallyimportantformetobalancestudyandwork.AndIthinkIshouldlearntoexercisesomeself­control.Text10M：Beinganathleteisveryfun,painfulandexciting.EverytimeIcometothetrack,IfeellikeI'moutofthisplace.ThisisBotswanaNationalStadium.ThisiswhereItrain.WhenIsawUsainBoltrunningin2012LondonOlympics,Iwasamazed.Justwatchinghimrungotmemotivated.Iquitbeingachessplayerandstartedtorun.Iwenttothe2016Olympicsandwenttothefinalsattheageof18.And,wow,Ifinishedfifth!Itwasadreamcometruetome,butIstillwantedmore.Thetrainingissuperhard,butthehardestpartformeisthatIgotaninjury，aninjurywhichmaytakemeoutforyears.Foraperiodoftime,asayoungathlete,Ididn'tknowwhattodo.Ilostfocus.ButnowI'mbackonthetrack.IreallywanttobethereattheOlympicsanddowhatIdidbefore—domuch,muchgreater.Idon'tcareaboutthegold.Idon'tcareaboutthesilver.Iwanttodomybest,youknow,takeeverythingandshowittotheworld.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheatresandEntertainmentStDavid'sHallStDavid'sHallistheaward­winningNationalConcertHallofWalesstandingattheveryheartofCardiff'sentertainmentcentre.Withanimpressive2，000­seatconcerthall，StDavid'sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff.Itpresentsliveentertainment，includingpop，rock，folk，jazz，musicals，dance，worldmusic，filmsandclassicalmusic.TheHayes，CardiffCF101AHwww.stdavidshallcardiff.co.ukTheGleeClubEveryweekendthisis“Wales”premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.Itishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn'tbeenonthestagehere.Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic，youshouldstarthere.MermaidQuay，CardiffBay，CardiffCF105BZwww.glee.co.uk/cardiffShermanCymruShermanCymru'stheatreintheCathaysareaofCardiffreopenedinFebruary2012.Thisspecialbuildingisaplaceinwhichtheatreismadeandwherechildren，artists，writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(机会)todocreativethings.ShermanCymruisexcitedtopresentapackedprogrammeoftheverybesttheatre，dance，familyshowsandmusicfromWalesandtherestoftheworld.SenghennyddRoad，CardiffCF244YEwww.shermancymru.co.ukNewTheatreTheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama，musicals，danceandchildren'sshowsformorethan100years.PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK'stouringshows，theNewTheatreisCardiff'soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.Besuretopayavisitaspartofyourstayinthecity.ParkPlace，CardiffCF103LNwww.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国加的夫市四家艺术剧院。21．WhereistheWelshPromsCardiffhosted?A．AttheNewTheatre.B．AttheGleeClub.C．AtShermanCymru.D．AtStDavid'sHall.D[细节理解题。根据StDavid'sHall部分中的“Withanimpressive2，000­seatconcerthall,StDavid'sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff.”可知，举办WelshPromsCardiff的地方是StDavid'sHall。故选D。]22．WhatcanpeopledoattheGleeClub?A．Watchmusicals.B．Enjoycomedies.C．Seefamilyshows.D．Docreativethings.B[细节理解题。根据TheGleeClub部分中的“Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic,youshouldstarthere.”可知，观众可以在theGleeClub欣赏喜剧表演。故选B。]23．WhichwebsitecanyouvisittolearnaboutCardiff'soldestsurvivingtheatre?A．www.newtheatrecardiff.co.ukB．www.shermancymru.co.ukC．www.glee.co.uk/cardiffD．www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.ukA[细节理解题。根据NewTheatre部分中的“Cardiff'soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre”可知，网站www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk提供有关加的夫现存的最古老的剧院的信息。故选A。]BGoffin'scockatoos，akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia，havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape­recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo­year­old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild，thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment，cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape，andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans，babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage，butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”．Intheexperiment，Goffin'scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob，inmostcases，byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial­and­errorwasused，thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin'scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace，similartotwo­year­oldbabies.Thenextstep，accordingtotheresearchers，istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索)，oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。实验表明，一种生长于澳大拉西亚的凤头鹦鹉擅长识别物体的形状。24．Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A．Byfollowinginstructions.B．Byusingatool.C．Byturningtheboxaround.D．Byremovingthelid.B[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.”可知，戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉能拿到盒子里的坚果是因为它们使用了工具。故选B。]25．Whichtaskcanhumanone­year­oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A．Usingakeytounlockadoor.B．Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C．Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D．Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.C[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage...”可知，人类幼儿在一岁时能做到将一个圆形物体放进圆孔中。C项为原文的同义改写，故选C。]26．Whatdoesthefollow­uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A．Howfartheyareabletosee.B．Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C．Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.D．Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.D[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，研究人员下一步将尝试并设法弄明白凤头鹦鹉究竟是只能依靠视觉线索还是也可以利用触觉来选择形状。故选D。]27．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Cockatoos：QuickErrorCheckersB．Cockatoos：IndependentLearnersC．Cockatoos：CleverSignal­ReadersD．Cockatoos：SkilfulShape­SortersD[标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是文章第一段中的“Goffin'scockatoos...havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape­recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo­year­old.”可推知，本文主要介绍了凤头鹦鹉能识别形状这一研究发现。D项“凤头鹦鹉：熟练的形状分类者”最适合作为本文的标题，故选D。]CAsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica，shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle，lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick­startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood，Ginni，now71，hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer，shetouredintheUK，butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest，shedecideditwastimetotake_the_plunge．AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts，Ginnibegantotraveltheworld，eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast­minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego，thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo，”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI'dfindthereandIwasn'tnervous.Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008，Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe'dnevermetbefore，tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises，thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas，”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale；itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland，toberespectedbyhumans，wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。71岁的GinniBazlinton从小喜欢旅游，她在自己退休并且儿子们独立发展后，去南极洲探索。这段难忘的经历让她意识到人类应该尊重自然和保护自然。28．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Trychallengingthings.B．Takeadegree.C．Bringbacklostmemories.D．Sticktoapromise.A[词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句的上句中的“butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther”可知，GinniBazlinton一直渴望探索更远的地方，这说明她想尝试有挑战性的事情。故选A。]29．WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A．Lovelypenguins.B．Beautifulscenery.C．Adiscountfare.D．Afriend'sinvitation.C[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast­minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego...‘IjustdecidedIwantedtogo，’shesays.”可知，她决定要去南极洲是因为在智利，她发现了她能买到驶往南极洲的最后一刻的低价船票。故选C。]30．WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A．Itcouldbeahomeforher.B．Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C．Itshouldbewellpreserved.D．Itneedstobefullyintroduced.C[细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“Therealization...hometoGinni.”可知，Ginni意识到这片珍贵的土地应该被人类尊重和保护，即认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。]31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Achildhooddream.B．Anunforgettableexperience.C．Sailingaroundtheworld.D．MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.B[主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的最后一句“Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick­startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.”可知，南极洲之旅是Ginni永不会忘记的旅途。故选B。]DSometimeintheearly1960s，asignificantthinghappenedinSydney，Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then，oneafteranother，Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks，superbbeaches，andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds，acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s，pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine，andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak，Itoexplorethecity.“I'llmisstheseoldboats，”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean？”Iasked.“Oh，they'rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster，butthey'renotsoelegant，andthey'renotfuntopilot.Butthat'sprogress，Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays，changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号)，andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald，thecity'sofficialhistorian，toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s，Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast，includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself，”shesaid.“Wecan'tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It'saconflictthatwearen'tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决)．”Ontheotherhand，beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry，”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians，whentheycametoAustralia，brought2000yearsoftheirculture，theGreekssome3000years，andtheChinesemorestill.We'vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It'saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright，butIcan'thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。悉尼作为一座海港城市，发生着日新月异的变化，这对传统形成冲击。一些传统事物正逐渐被新兴事物所取代。32．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Sydney'sstrikingarchitecture.B．TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C．ThekeytoSydney'sdevelopment.D．Sydney'stouristattractionsinthe1960s.C[主旨大意题。根据第一段的前两句“Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.”以及最后一句“Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.”可知，正是海港造就了悉尼。因此本段主要讲述的是海港是悉尼发展的关键。故选C。]33．WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A．Hegoestoworkbyboat.B．Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C．Hepilotscatamaranswell.D．Heisattachedtotheoldferries.D[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I'llmisstheseoldboats”以及第五段“Oh,they'rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey'renotsoelegant,andthey'renotfuntopilot.”可知，AndrewReynolds并不希望渡船被双体船取代，所以可推知AndrewReynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。]34．WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A．Itislosingitstraditions.B．Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C．Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D．Itisbecomingmoreinternational.A[推理判断题。根据第六段第一句“EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords,andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.”以及“...toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.”可知，ShirleyFitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，使得它正在失去原本的传统。故选A。]35．Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B．Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C．Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D．Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.A[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.”可知，一座兼具新旧的城市有其魅力。再结合倒数第二段中的“We'vegotafoundation...tobeat.”和最后一段中的“Heisright”可推断出，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A。]第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOutCulturaldiningetiquette(礼节)mightsurpriseyouwithsomeofitsimportantrules.__36__.Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.ChopstickRulesThewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites，alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.__37__．HandsorUtensils(餐具)InIndiaandtheMiddleEast，it'sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.__38__，insteadpreferringtousetheirhands.InChile，youmaynevertouchanyfoodwithyourfingers.PeopleinThailandgenerallyusetheirforksonlytopushfoodontotheirspoons.MakingRequests__39__．InPortugal，thiswouldbeaseriousmistake，becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon'tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly，inItaly，neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange，buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.__40__，themorecomfortableyou'llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.A．ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB．ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC．MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD．Don'tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE．It'sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF．NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG．Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了外出就餐时需要注意的一些重要的就餐礼节，并强调不同的国家有不同的就餐礼节。36．D[分析上下文语境可知，空处起承上启下的作用。空前提到“(不同)文化背景下的就餐礼节中的一些重要规则可能会让你感到惊讶”，空后提到“了解一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人愉快地用餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方”。分析选项可知，D项“不要被(人)发现在餐馆(用餐时)犯尴尬的错误”符合此处的语境，并能起到承上启下的作用。故选D项。]37．F[根据本段小标题和上下文内容可知，空处也应是关于使用筷子的规则。F项“当你使用它们时，切勿将它们直立于你的食物中或把它们交叉(放置)”符合此处的语境，且选项中的them指代的是筷子(chopsticks)，与小标题和前文内容相呼应。故选F项。]38．C[根据本段小标题和上下文内容可知，空处应是以某个国家为例，介绍使用手或餐具来就餐的某条重要规则；再根据下文中的instead可知，空处内容应与后半句内容形成对比。根据后半句“(他们)反而更喜欢用他们的手”并分析选项可知，C项“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”符合此处的语境。故选C项。]39．G[根据空后内容“InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon'tliketheirseasoningskills.”和本段小标题可知，空处应是提及一个用餐时的请求，再结合because后的原因“因为这是在向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技术”可知，G项“吃饭时要盐和胡椒粉看似是一个简单的请求”符合此处的语境。故选G项。]40．B[根据下文中的“themorecomfortableyou'llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices”可知，空处也应是“the＋比较级”结构的句子，且根据下文句意“你就会开始对它的异国文化习俗变得越来越得心应手”可知，B项“你在任何一个特定的国家待的时间越长”符合此处的语境。故选B项。]第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs.Formanyyears，Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs，TillyandChance.Their__41__wasnearlyenoughtokeepmylonelinessatbay.Nearly.Lastyear，Istarteddating，butwith__42__．WhenIfirstdatedSteve，I__43__hehadadog，Molly，andacat，Flora.WhileIwas__44__thathewasananimallover，I__45__thatthreedogswereperhapstoomany，andmydogsmightattack__46__，thecat.Thenextweekwe__47__ourdogstogether.Itwasahotday.Whenwepausedtocatchour__48__，Stevegotdownononeknee.Washeproposing(求婚)？Ilikedhimtoo，butso__49__？Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.__50__，Ibegantofallforhim.We__51__todate，thoughneitherofusbroughtupthefuture.AndtheninlateNovember，Tillyhadanoperationonher__52__．Itookthedogsoutfourtimesaday，andIworriedthatTilly__53__climbingthestairscouldreopenthewound.ThenSteve__54__hishouse.Allworked__55__．Thethreedogsformedapackthat，withcoaching，__56__Flora'sspace；SteveandIformedagoodteam__57__forTilly.Wemadegoodhousemates.Ayearlater，muchtomy__58__，thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down，nordidI__59__himto.That'sonlyforgiving__60__tothedogsthatbroughtustogether.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与男友通过宠物相识、相知、相爱的过程。41．A．ownership B．membershipC．companionship D．leadershipC[考查名词。根据空后的“wasnearlyenoughtokeepmylonelinessatbay”可知，此处是指(与)它们的友谊几乎足以使“我”不孤独。ownership意为“所有权；产权；物主身份”；membership意为“会员资格；成员资格”；companionship意为“友情；交谊；友谊”；leadership意为“领导地位”。故选C。]42．A．reservations B．expectationsC．confidence D．prejudiceA[考查名词。根据语境可知，尽管作者去约会了，但是她对于能否遇到志同道合的人心存疑虑。reservation意为“保留意见；疑惑”；expectation意为“预料；期望”；confidence意为“自信”；prejudice意为“偏见”。故选A。]43．A．feared B．doubtedC．hoped D．learnedD[考查动词。根据语境可知，此处是指作者在第一次约会时得知Steve养了宠物。fear意为“害怕”；doubt意为“怀疑”；hope意为“希望”；learn意为“得知”。故选D。]44．A．unsatisfied B．amusedC．terrified D．thrilledD[考查形容词。根据上文可知，作者养了两条狗，并很享受与它们的友谊；根据下文中的“hewasananimallover”可知，Steve也是动物爱好人士。二人志趣相投，所以此处是指作者欣喜若狂。unsatisfied意为“未处理的；未解决的；未满足的”；amused意为“逗乐的；觉得好笑的”；terrified意为“恐惧的；很害怕的”；thrilled意为“极为激动的；欣喜若狂的”。故选D。]45．A．predicted B．worriedC．regretted D．insistedB[考查动词。由下文的“threedogswereperhapstoomany，andmydogsmightattack______，thecat”可知，作者担心三条狗可能太多，而且自己的狗可能会攻击Steve的猫。predict意为“预言”；worry意为“担心”；regret意为“感到遗憾；惋惜”；insist意为“坚持”。故选B。]46．A．Flora B．ChanceC．Molly D．TillyA[考查名词。根据上文中的“hehadadog,Molly,andacat,Flora”可知，Steve的猫的名字是Flora。故选A。]47．A．tied B．walkedC．bathed D．fedB[考查动词。根据语境及空后的“ourdogs”可知，此处是指二人一起遛狗。walkdogs意为“遛狗”，故选B。]48．A．breath B．balanceC．attention D．imaginationA[考查名词。根据上文中的“Itwasahotday.”及常识可知，二人一起去遛狗的那天天气炎热，因此此处是指停下来“喘口气(catchone'sbreath)”。breath意为“呼吸的空气”；balance意为“平衡”；attention意为“注意”；imagination意为“想象力”。故选A。]49．A．calm B．sureC．soon D．realC[考查形容词/副词。根据上文中的“Thenextweekwe______ourdogstogether.”可知，这一次遛狗距离两人第一次约会仅过去一周，因此当作者以为Steve要向自己求婚时，当然会感觉双方进展过快。calm意为“镇静的；沉着的”；sure意为“确信；确知”；soon意为“很快；马上；不久”；real意为“真实的”。故选C。]50．A．Bytheway B．InthatcaseC．Byallmeans D．InthatmomentD[考查介词短语。根据上文中的“Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.”可知，Steve单膝跪地并非要求婚，而是用手捧水给作者的狗喝。结合第一段“Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs.”可知，就是在那一刻，作者被这一行为打动，开始爱上Steve。bytheway意为“顺便提一下”；inthatcase意为“既然那样；假使那样的话”；byallmeans意为“可以；当然行；没问题”；inthatmoment意为“在那一刻”。故选D。]51．A．continued B．decidedC．intended D．pretendedA[考查动词。根据上文中的“Ibegantofallforhim”可知，作者开始爱上了Steve，所以此处是指二人继续约会。continue意为“继续”；decide意为“决定”；intend意为“打算”；pretend意为“假装”。故选A。]52．A．eye B．tailC．ear D．legD[考查名词。根据下文中的“...IworriedthatTilly______climbingthestairscouldreopenthewound.”可推断出，Tilly做的是腿部手术。故选D。]53．A．secretly B．constantlyC．eventually D．unwillinglyB[考查副词。根据上文中的“...Tillyhadanoperationonher______.Itookthedogsoutfourtimesaday...”可知，Tilly做了手术，而作者一天要带它出去四次，也就是说Tilly需要频繁地上下楼梯。由此可推断出这样连续不断地上下楼会撕裂Tilly的伤口。secretly意为“秘密地”；constantly意为“连续不断地”；eventually意为“最终”；unwillingly意为“不情愿地”。故选B。]54．A．left B．soldC．suggested D．searchedC[考查动词。根据上文可知，作者的狗Tilly做了腿部手术，上下楼梯会影响伤口恢复，而作者频繁地带狗出门势必需要Tilly不断地上下楼梯(也可据此推断出作者房子的结构)；根据本段最后一句“Wemadegoodhousemates.”可推断出作者搬离了原住所，与Steve同住，也就是Steve推荐了自己的房子给作者。这样就避免了频繁上下楼对Tilly伤口的影响。leave意为“离开”；sell意为“售卖”；suggest意为“推荐；提议”；search意为“搜索”。故选C。]55．A．late B．hardC．fine D．freeC[考查副词。根据下文中的“Thethreedogsformedapack...SteveandIformedagoodteam...Wemadegoodhousemates.”可知，不仅双方的宠物和谐地生活在一起，两人还将Tilly照顾得很好，两人也成为很好的室友。由此可知，此处是指一切都好。故选C。]56．A．emptied B．respectedC．occupied D．discoveredB[考查动词。根据第二段中的“I______thatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmi