Unit5FirstAidDiscoverUsefulStructures课件-高中英语人教版选择性

DiscoveringUsefulStructures新人教选择性必修二非谓语动词（V-ing）动词谓语非谓语donedoingtodo动名词现在分词非谓语动词（V-ing）一、基本形式二、基本形式的意义三、基本用法四、具体用法主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语现在分词动名词主动语态被动语态肯定式否定式肯定式否定式一般式doing完成式

notdoing

beingdonenotbeingdonehavingdonenothavingdonehavingbeendonenothavingbeendone一、基本形式（例句见下一页）形式意义doinghavingdonedonebeingdonehavingbeendone主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生主动，先于主句的谓语动词发生被动被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首被动，先于谓语动词发生二、基本形式的意义Lookingatthemoon,hethoughtofhishometown.

非谓语looking，与谓语thoughtof______________（时间上对比）.Havingfinishedhishomework,hestooduptotakearest.

非谓语havingfinished，与谓语stoodup对比______________.（时间）Givenmoretime,Iwillgethigherscores.

非谓语given，其逻辑主语是_______,他们之间是__________关系。Beingbuiltbyworkersnow,thebridgewillbeputintousenextyear.

非谓语Beingbuilt的逻辑主语是____,他们之间是_____关系，且表示___。Havingbeenbuiltfor2years,thebridgewillbeputintousenextyear.

非谓语Havingbeenbuilt的逻辑主语是_____,他们之间是_______关系，且表示________。同时发生发生更早被动I被动正在进行被动thebridge早于主句谓语动词发生thebridge三、基本用法v-ing形式动名词现在分词主语宾语表语定语定语表语状语宾补Playingwithfireisdangerous.Jimlikesjumpinginmuddypuddles.Herideaisbuildingupanewcompany.Peoplelivingtherearequitefriendly.Hereallyneedsawashingmachine.Theperformancewasreallyamazing.Laughingandtalking,theywentin.Ilovetowatchherperformingonthestage.1.位置（1）位于句首：Playingwithfireisdangerous.

（2）位于句末：Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.2.主谓一致

Applyingoiltotheinjuriedareaisabadidea.

Singingsongsanddancingarehishobbies.

结论：单个动名词做主语，谓语动词用____________。

多个动名词做主语，谓语动词用____________。四、具体用法v-ing作主语注意：此处为动名词而非现在分词，现在分词不能做主语单数复数It+is/was+awasteoftimedoing…做……是浪费时间的

Itis/wasnogood/use/fun/pleasuredoing…做……是没益/用处/乐趣的Itis/wasuselessdoing…做……是没有用的

Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing…做……是值得的

v.-ing作主语往往表示______________________动作todo作主语往往表示_________________动作。3.v-ing和todo作主语的区别Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。Tofinishthetaskwilltakealongtime.要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。v.-ing形式和todo作主语时的区别经常/多次发生的习惯性具体的或一次性的动词-ing形式做宾语，可位于（短语）动词之后，也可以位于介词之后。①接动词-ing作动词的宾语,常见的这类动词有：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecan’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escapeforbid,risk,imagine②接动词-ing作介词的宾语。insiston,objectto,leadto,putoff,giveup,be/getusedto,lookforwardto,feellike,payattentionto,stickto,devoteto等中的to都是介词，而不是动词不定式符号。v-ing（动名词）作宾语注意：1.有些动词如continue,start,begin等后面即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾，意义差别不大。例如：

Hecontinueworking/toworkasifnothinghappened.2.有些动词如love,like,prefer,hate等，其后接v-ing指经常性的动作,

接todo指具体的动作。Hepreferredstayinginthehousewhenitrained，buthepreferredtostayathomethisafternoon.3.有些动词后跟不定式和动词­ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。（见下页）4.有些动词后跟动词­ing形式作宾语，表示被动含义，相当于tobedone。（见下下页）下列动词可接动词­ing形式的主动形式表示_________，相当于_________________。Thebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.Thecarpetwantscleaning/tobecleaned.被动意义不定式的被动形式need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedone现在分词作表语1.Theargumentisveryconvincing．2.Thesituationbothathomeandabroadisencouraging．3.Theywereveryshocked

atthenews.4.Thepupilswillgetconfused

iftheyaremadetolearntoomuch.

分词作表语，多表示_____________________________。

现在分词作表语，多表示主语具有的______，常译为____________;

过去分词作表语，多表示主语具有的______，常译为____________。现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词特征令人……的状态感到……的主语具有的特征和状态Hisjobisinteresting.Hisjobisservingthepeople.

现在分词说明主语的________；动名词说明主语的_______。因此，动名词作表语可以和主语___________，而现在分词_________和主语互换位置。Interestingishisjob.Servingthepeopleishisjob.现在分词动名词特征内容互换位置不可以v-ing作表语

boilingwaterv-ing作定语现在分词作定语表示名词的状态：主动、进行。。asleepingbabyawashing

machineaswimmingpool动名词作定语表示名词的用途。agirldancingonthestageabuildingbeingbuilt

现在分词作定语的位置单个分词作定语一般放在修饰词的_______，现在分词短语作定语通常放在修饰词的_______，并且可以转化为一个________从句。后面前面定语runningwateragirlwhoisdancingonthestagev-ing作宾补使用v-ing形式作宾补，常表示宾语和宾补之间是主动关系或表示v-ing形式的动作正在进行。以see为例：see+宾语+doingsth.看见·······正在做某事.We

cansee

aboy

singing

inthepicture.宾语补足语主语谓语宾语

感官动词（短语）see,watch,observe,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel等后常接v-ing形式作宾补，宾语和宾补之间是主动关系。若表示被动关系，则用beingdone.此外，在with复合结构、使役动词后也有类似用法。（例句见后面）1).have/make+宾语+doingsth.使······持续做某事2).get+宾语+doingsth.使······开始做某事3).keep/leave+宾语+doingsth.使······一直做某事e.g.I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.I’llhaveyouspeakingEnglishinsixmonths.Don’tleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.1.使役动词+宾语+v-ing宾补2.with+宾语+v-ing宾补

Withspringcomingon,treesturngreen.1.Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.2.Beingtired,Istoppedtohavearest.3.Thesnowlastedaweek,causingserioustrafficconfusions.4.Workinghard,youwillfinallysucceed.时间状语原因状语结果状语条件状语5.Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasn’ttriedherbest.6.Pleaseanswerthequestion,usinganotherway.7.WangPengsatinhisemptyrestaurant,feelingfrustrated.让步状语方式状语伴随状语v-ing作状语现在分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语动词，在意义上相当于状语从句，可以与状语从句转换，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为主动关系。Hearingthenews, hegotfrightened. When he heard the news, he got frightened.1.v-ing形式作时间状语相当于相当于as,when,while,until等引导的一个时间状语从句Notknowingheraddress, Ican'twritetoher. BecauseIdon’tknowher address,Ican'twritetoher.

2.v-ing形式作原因状语

相当于as，because等引导的一个原因状语从句Takingthepaththatleadsoutofthetown, youwillcometoalake. Ifyoutakethepaththatleadsoutofthetown,

youwillcometoalake. 3.v-ing形式作条件