高电压设备测试（High Voltage Equipment Testing）（英文版） 课件 Worksheet 7 Switch Characteristic Test

《HighVoltageEquipmentTesting》SwitchCharacteristicTest主讲人：何发武（副教授）OperatingWorksheet：OperatingWorksheet：TableofContents01Followme02Workshop03Training01FollowmeⅠ.MeaningandPurposeofCircuitBreakerMechanicalTestingMechanicaltestingofthecircuitbreakerprimarilyconsistsoftwoparts:mechanicaloperationtestingandmechanicalcharacteristictesting.Mechanicaloperationtestingreferstovariousoperationaltestsperformedonthecircuitbreakerunderno-loadconditions(i.e.Whenthereisnovoltageorcurrentinthemaincircuit).Itisatestthatverifiesthemechanicalperformanceandoperationalreliabilityofthecircuitbreaker.Mechanicalcharacteristictestingreferstotheactiontimeandmotionspeedofthecircuitbreakercontacts.Itmainlyincludesparametersandtestitemssuchastheopeningandclosingtime,openingandclosingspeed,synchronismofthemainandauxiliarycontactsduringopeningandclosing,operatingvoltageoftheopeningandclosingelectromagnets,bounce,travel,andopeningrange.Ⅱ.MechanicalCharacteristicTestingofHighVoltageSwitchesTheopeningandclosingspeed,time,anddegreeofasynchronismofthecircuitbreaker,aswellastheoperatingvoltageoftheopeningandclosingcoils,directlyaffecttheswitchingperformanceofthecircuitbreaker.Onlybyensuringappropriateopeningandclosingspeedscanthecircuitbreakerfullyexertitsabilitytointerruptcurrent,reducecontactwearcausedbypre-breakdownduringtheclosingprocess,andavoidcontactburnout,oilspraying,andevenexplosions.Ⅱ.MechanicalCharacteristicTestingofHighVoltageSwitchesIftheclosingspeedisreduced,whenashort-circuitfaultisclosed,thehinderingeffectoftheelectromotiveforcethatobstructsthecontactclosurewillcausecontactvibrationorkeepitinastagnantstate,especiallywhenautomaticreclosingfails,whichmayeasilyleadtoexplosions.Onthecontrary,iftheclosingspeedistoohigh,themovingmechanismwillbesubjectedtoexcessivemechanicalstress,causingdamagetoindividualcomponentsorshorteningtheservicelife.Atthesametime,duetostrongmechanicalimpactandvibration,thecontactbouncetimewillbeextended.Seriousasynchronyofthecircuitbreakeropeningandclosingwillcausepartial-phaseconnectionordisconnectionofthelineortransformer,whichmayresultinovervoltagethatendangersinsulation.Therefore,zincoxidesurgearrestersareinstalledattheendsoftransmissionlinestolimitovervoltage,asshowninFigure3-44.Ⅱ.MechanicalCharacteristicTestingofHighVoltageSwitchesFigure3-44

InstallationofzincoxidesurgearrestersattheendsoftransmissionlinestolimitovervoltageⅡ.MechanicalCharacteristicTestingofHighVoltageSwitchesSomeaspectsofthemechanicalcharacteristicsofthecircuitbreakerarerepresentedbythecharacteristicparametersofcontactactiontimeandmotionspeed.Inmechanicalcharacteristictesting,themostimportantparametersaregenerallytheopeningspeed,closingspeed,maximumopeningspeed,openingtime,closingtime,close-opentime,open-closetime,andsynchronismofopeningandclosing.Thecontactmotionspeedduringthecircuitbreakeropeningandclosingisanimportantcharacteristicparameterthataffectstheworkingperformanceofthecircuitbreaker,andthemostimportantparametersaretheopeningspeedandclosingspeed.Basedontheopeningandclosingtimeofthecircuitbreakerandthestrokeofthecontact,theaveragespeedofthecontactmotioncanbecalculated.Thespeedofthecircuitbreakervariesgreatlyduringtheentiremotionprocess,soitisnecessarytomeasuretheactualcontactmotionspeedofthecircuitbreaker.Ⅲ.DefinitionofPartialTimeParametersTable3-24

DefinitionofTimeParameters

Ⅲ.DefinitionofPartialTimeParametersⅢ.DefinitionofPartialTimeParametersⅣ.ThebasisstandardofthetestitemTable3-25

Applicationandstandardofhighvoltagetesttestinginstruments02WorkshopⅠ.MechanicalCharacteristicsTestWiringThewiringisdividedintoinstrumentwiringandcontrollineconnection.Wheninstrumentwiring,pleaseconnecttheinstrumentprotectiveearth“⏚”tothesiteearthbeforeperformingotherwiringandoperations.Afterthetestiscompleted,turnofftheinstrumentpowersupply,removeotherwires,andfinallyremovethegroundingwire.Themachine’sdisconnectionlineisafour-coresheathedwirewithfourcolors:yellow,green,red,andblack,correspondingtoABCandcommonendsrespectively.TheconnectionmethodisshowninFigure3-45.Ⅰ.MechanicalCharacteristicsTestWiringFigure3-45

WiringdiagramofcircuitbreakermechanicalcharacteristicstestinstrumentⅠ.MechanicalCharacteristicsTestWiringWhenconnectingthecontrollines,thismachineprovidesa3-coresheathwireastheinternalpowersupplyoutputwire(redfortheclosingwire,greenfortheopeningwire,andblackforthecommonpowersupply),anda3-coresheathwireastheexternalactionvoltageacquisitionwire.Whentheopeningandclosingcontrolpowersupplyisprovidedinternallybytheinstrument,disconnectthecontrolpowersupplyinthecontrolboxofthetestedswitch(usuallybyremovingthefusethatconnectsthecontrolpowersupplyinthecontrolboxtothecontrolbus),butdonotcutoffthestoredenergypowersupplyoftheswitchmechanism.Then,followthewiringdiagramasfigure3-46.TheinternalpowersupplyoftheinstrumentcanonlyprovideDCcurrent,and“internaltriggering”shouldbeusedwhenusingtheinternalpowersupplyoftheinstrument.IfthefieldswitchhasanACoperatingmechanism,pleaseusethe“externaltriggering”mode.Ⅰ.MechanicalCharacteristicsTestWiringFigure3-46

ControllinewiringdiagramofcircuitbreakermechanicalcharacteristictestⅠ.MechanicalCharacteristicsTestWiringWhenusinganexternalfieldpowersupplyforopeningandclosingcontrol,the“internalpowersupply”isnotwired.Whenperformingasingle-closingtestontheswitch,connectthe“externaltrigger”twowirestogetherwiththetwoendsoftheclosingcoil;whenperformingasingle-openingtestontheswitch,connectthe“externaltrigger”twowirestogetherwiththetwoendsoftheopeningcoil.Whenusinganexternalpowersupplyforoperation,usethe“externaltriggering”mode.TheexternaltriggeringmethodissuitableforbothACandDCswitches.TheinstallationofthesensorisshowninFigure3-47.Ⅰ.MechanicalCharacteristicsTestWiringFigure3-47

SensorinstallationⅡ.OperationMethodofSwitchCharacteristicTestInstrumentTurnonthepower,andtheinstrumententersthemenuoperationinterface,asshowninFigure3-48.Figure3-48

Human-MachineinterfaceofswitchcharacteristictestⅡ.OperationMethodofSwitchCharacteristicTestInstrument(Ⅰ)TestSettingSetthesensortype:Thereareseveraloptionssuchaslinearresistance,rotaryresistance,accelerationsensor,andphotoelectricsensor.Setaccordingtothesensorused.Ifthereisnosensor,select“None”.1.SensorInstallationInstallasensorthree-phaselinkagemechanismandchoosethree-phaselinkage;installthreesensorsandchoosethree-phasesimultaneousmeasurement.Ⅱ.OperationMethodofSwitchCharacteristicTestInstrument2.SpeedTestingIfspeedtestingisnotrequired,thisitemcanbeturnedofftoshortenthetesttimeandreducethetestintensity.Thespeeddefinition:generallyobtainedbymeasuringthe“time-travelcharacteristiccurve”beforeclosingandafteropeningfor10

ms,andthenanalyzingthecorrespondingspeedvalueonthecurve.3.TravelTestingWhenusingalinearsensororphotoelectricsensorfortesting,thisitemcanbeenabledtomeasurethetraveldistance.Whenusingothersensorsornottestingthetraveldistance,thisitemissettoclose.Ⅱ.OperationMethodofSwitchCharacteristicTestInstrument4.LabeledtravelSettingWhenmeasuringspeedwitharotaryoraccelerationsensor,inputthetotaltravelvalueoftheswitch.Whentestingwithalinearorphotoelectricsensor,inputthelabeledtravelvalueofthesensor.5.Triggermode(1)Internalpowersupplytrigger:UsetheinternalDCpowersupplyoftheinstrumenttooperatetheswitchopeningandclosing.Ⅱ.OperationMethodofSwitchCharacteristicTestInstrument(2)Externalpowersupplytrigger:TheinternalDCpowersupplyoftheinstrumentdoesnotwork,andtheswitchactionisoperatedbytheon-sitepowersupply(ACorDC).Whentheinstrumentmakesaclosing(opening)operation,the“externaltrigger”wiringoftheinstrumentisdirectlyconnectedinparalleltotheclosing(opening)coil.Whentheswitchisoperated,theinstrumenttakesthevoltagesignalfromthecoilasthetimingstartingpoint.(3)Auxiliarycontacttrigger:Whenthereisnoelectricalsignalonthecoil,thetestcanbetriggeredbyusingtheauxiliarycontactmethod.(4)Sensortrigger:Manualswitchoperationwithoutelectricalcontrolmechanism,andnotimingstartingpoint.Themeasurementcanbestartedbyusingthesensoractionasthetimingstartingpoint.Ⅱ.OperationMethodofSwitchCharacteristicTestInstrument(5)Manualswitch:Measurementwithmanualswitch.Justconnectthebreakwireandperformtheclosingandopeningtests.Theinstrumentisinawaitingstate.Thenmanuallyopenandclosetheswitch.6.TestDurationReferstothedurationoftheoperatingvoltageoutputbytheinternalpowersupply.(1)200

ms:Generallyusedforsingleopeningandsingleclosingtestsofconventionalswitches,selectadurationof250

ms.(2)2,000

ms:Usedwhenperformingreclosingoperationsongeneralswitches.Itincludesclosing-opening,opening-closing,andopening-closing-opening.Ⅱ.OperationMethodofSwitchCharacteristicTestInstrument(3)20,000

ms:Generallyusedforcontactswitcheswithpre-actionbeforetheoperationofopeningorclosingblades,whichrequiresalongtimefortheoperationofopeningorclosingblades.7.SwitchTypes(1)MetalContact:Conventionalswitchwithmetalcontacts,setto“Closed”.(2)ClosingResistor:Forswitcheswithclosingresistors,iftheclosingresistanceneedstobetested,setitto“ClosingResistor”.Iftheclosingresistancedoesn’tneedtobetested,setitto“Closed”.(3)GraphiteContact:ForSiemensgraphitecontactswitches,itisnecessarytosettheswitchto“GraphiteContact”duringtesting.Ⅱ.OperationMethodofSwitchCharacteristicTestInstrument8.Pre-Closing/ClosingDurationSetthisoptionforswitchesthatrequirepre-closingorpre-opening.Generally,select“None”.Notes:Aftercompletingalltheoptions,movethecursortothe“Confirm”buttonatthebottomofthescreenandpresstheConfirmkeytofinalizeallthesettings.(Ⅱ)PowerSettingsSettheoutputvoltagevaluesforclosing,opening,andreclosingaccordingtotherequirementsoftheswitch.Aftersetting,press“Confirm”.Ⅱ.OperationMethodofSwitchCharacteristicTestInstrument(Ⅲ)StatusDetectionCheckifthesensorsareworkingproperlyandinstalledcorrectly.Also,verifyiftheswitchisinthecorrectclosedoropenposition.Ensurethatthewiringiscorrect.Deleteuser-definedspeeddefinitions.(Ⅳ)DataAnalysisFigure3-49showsthetestgraphsanddataforclosing,opening,andclosing-openingoperations.Ⅱ.OperationMethodofSwitchCharacteristicTestInstrumentFigure3-49

Testgraphsanddataforclosing,openingandclosing-openingoperationsⅢ.AnalysisandProcessingofTestDataforHigh-VoltageSwitchDynamicCharacteristicTestEquipment(1)Testresultsshouldbecomparedwiththevaluesgiveninthecircuitbreakermanualandmeetthemanufacturer’srequirements.(2)Ifthereareanytestdatathatdonotmeetthemanufacturer’srequirementsinthetestitems,firstcheckwhetherthewiring,parametersettings,instrumentconditions,etc.Meetthetestrequirements.(3)Possiblereasonsfortheunsatisfactoryopeningtimemayinclude:①Improperpositioningoftheopeningelectromagneticpolerodandopeningtripshaft.②Fatigueoftheopeningspring.③Insufficientopeningdistanceorovertravel.Ⅲ.AnalysisandProcessingofTestDataforHigh-VoltageSwitchDynamicCharacteristicTestEquipmentAcomprehensiveanalysisoftheabovereasonsshouldbeconducted,andadjustmentsshouldbemadetotheopeningelectromagneticpole,opening-closingsprings,andmechanismconnectingrodsaccordingtothemanufacturer’stechnicalrequirements.(4)Possiblereasonsfortheunsatisfactoryclosing-openingtimemayinclude:①Individualclosingoropeningtimenotmeetingthespecifiedrequirements.②Issueswiththeperformanceofthecircuitbreakeroperationmechanism’sreleaser.Acomprehensiveanalysisoftheabovereasonsshouldbeconducted,andadjustmentsshouldbemadetotheindividualclosingoropeningtimeortothereleaseraccordingtothemanufacturer’stechnicalrequirements.Ⅲ.AnalysisandProcessingofTestDataforHigh-VoltageSwitchDynamicCharacteristicTestEquipment(5)Possiblereasonsfornon-compliancewiththespecifiedrequirementsforasynchronyinclude:①Inconsistentopeningdistancesamongthethreephases.②Inconsistentoperationtimesofthephase-disconnectingmechanism’selectromagneticpoles.Acomprehensiveanalysisoftheabovereasonsshouldbeconducted,andadjustmentsshouldbemadetotheopeningelectromagneticpoles,opening-closingsprings,andmechanismconnectingrodsaccordingtothemanufacturer’stechnicalrequirements.Ⅳ.PrecautionsforMechanicalCharacteristicTesting(1)Whenusinganinsulatingpullrodtotestthebreakingpoint,multiplepeopleshouldsupportittopreventthepullrodfromtilting.(2)Beforeconnectinganddisconnectingthetestwires,theinstrumenthousingmustbegroundedtoreleasetheinducedvoltageonthebreakingpointwireandprotectthesafetyoftheinstrumentandpersonnel.(3)Thecontrolcircuitwireshouldbeconnectedtotheauxiliarycontactsideoftheopeningandclosingcoil,anditisstrictlyprohibitedtoconnectitdirectlytotheopeningandclosingcoiltoavoidburningoutthecoil.Ⅳ.PrecautionsforMechanicalCharacteristicTesting(4)Inactualoperation,thecircuitbreakerisonlyactivatedwhenthecontrolvoltageisattheratedvoltage.Therefore,themeasuredoperatingtimeofthecircuitbreakerisonlyaccuratewhentheappliedcontrolvoltageremainsattheratedvoltage.Generally,thehigherthevoltageappliedtotheopeningcircuit,theshortertheopeningtimeofthecircuitbreaker,andviceversa.Topreventtestingerrors,itisnecessarytoensurethatthevoltageappliedtotheopeningandclosingcoilistheratedoperatingvoltage.Ⅳ.PrecautionsforMechanicalCharacteristicTesting(5)When