2024-2025学年湖南省长沙市高三上学期新高考适应性考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省长沙市2024-2025学年高三上学期新高考适应性考试英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhathappenedtoMolly?A.Shefellill. B.Shehadtowork. C.Shewassenthome.【答案】A【原文】W:Ateacherattheschoolcalled.Molly’sillandtheywanttosendherhome.Myhusbandcan’tgetthere.WillitbeokayifIgoearly?M:Yes,ofcourse.GiveyourworktoLucy.IhopeMollydoesn’thaveanythingserious.2.Whatdoesthewomanmeanaboutthebeach?A.Shewillwalkthere. B.It’sclosetothehotel. C.Itcoversonesquaremile.【答案】B【原文】M:Howfaristhehotelfromthebeach?Idon’twanttogoifit’stoofar.W:No,it’sjustonemileaway.Gostraightfor500meters,turnrightandwalkanotherkilometer.3.Whatwaswrongwiththecar?A.Ithadaflattire. B.Itwasn’tcleanlywashed. C.Itwasparkedwrongly.【答案】A【原文】W:IhopeIhaven’tdamagedthecar.Idrovetotheshopsandthentookittothecarwash.IparkeditoutsidethehousejustnowandInoticedoneofthetiresiscompletelyflat.M:Didn’titfeeldifferent?4.Whatarethetwospeakersdoing?A.Choosingcandies. B.Reservinghotelrooms. C.Talkingaboutafilm.【答案】C【原文】W:Ohno,Ihatethispart,whichisreallyscary.It’sthepartwhenthekillercomesoutofthehotelroom.And…M:Don’ttellmeyou’veruinedthefilmforme.Here,haveanothercandyanddon’tsayanotherworduntiltheend.5.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Athome. B.Atarestaurant. C.Inacinema.【答案】B【原文】W:Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere,Gary.DoyoucometothisrestauranteverySaturdaynight?M:No,butIwantedachangefromwatchingTV,soitiseitherthisorthecinema.W:Well,Ithinkyou’llenjoythefoodhere.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenElliotandthewoman?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Motherandson. C.Bossandemployee.7.Whatwillthemando?A.Explainhiswork. B.TalkwithElliot. C.Askparentsforhelp.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】W:I’mworriedaboutElliott.He’sbeenlateforschoolseveraltimesrecentlyandhedidn’tturnupatallforsportsday.Also,thehomeworkhehandsintomeisgettingworseandworse.Hismarkskeepgoingdown.M:Yes,Iknow.Ithinkhe’shavingsomefamilyissuesandI’mafraidthey’reaffectinghisschoolwork.W:Youneedtohaveaserioustalkwithhim.Icanunderstandiftherearefamilyproblems,butwedon’twantthemharminghisfuture.M:Iknow.I’lltalkwithhimtomorrow.I’llaskifwecanhelpwithanyofhisproblemsandexplainthathisworkneedstoimprove.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.WhatproblemdoesThomashave?A.Aheadache. B.Atoothache. C.Astomachache.9.WhatdoesthewomanmeanaboutThomas?A.Heishomesick. B.Heeatsthewrongfood. C.Heshouldtakemedicine.10.WhatwillThomasdonext?A.Visithisparents. B.Gohomedirectly. C.Stayinthecamp.【答案】8.C9.A10.C【原文】M:Mrs.Day,Idon’tfeelsogood.W:What’sbotheringyou,Thomas?Isitthesameproblemfromthismorning?Ican’tgiveyouanymoremedicineforthatuntiltomorrow.M:No,it’snotmyheadnow.Mystomachhurts.W:Idon’thaveanyotherpatientsrightnow.Sowhydon’twesitandtalk?Doyourealizethatyou’vecometovisitmehereatthehealthofficeeverydaysincecampbegan?M:Yes.ButI’mnotpretendingtobesick.Ireallyfeelbadandwanttogohome.W:Well,Idon’tthinkit’sthefood.Noneoftheotherchildrenhavethisproblem.Ithinkyou’rejustmissingyourhomeandparents.Thereisnothingwrongwiththatthen.M:CanIgohomenow?W:No,yourparentsarecominginthreedays,sorelaxuntilthen.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.WhatisTahitifamousfor?A.Itssurfing. B.Itslocation. C.Itslanguage.12.Whenwillthecompetitionprobablybegin?A.In5minutes. B.In55minutes. C.Inoveranhour.13.Whowillbeprobablyintroducedfirst?A.Thecompetitors. B.Theadvertiser. C.Thejudges.【答案】11.A12.C13.B【原文】W:Welcometotheinternationalsurfinvitational.We’rehereinthePacificIslandnationofTahiti,alsoknownasthehometosurfing.M:AsanativeHawaiian,I’dsayotherwise,butI’mgratefultobeherewithSarahtoday.AndIrespecttherichtraditionofsurfingthroughoutthePacificislands.W:Similarly,Tom,it’swithgreathonorthatweintroduceyoutoourhomeinTahiti.ButI’msorryforforgettingthewordsinHawaiianthatyoutaughtmebefore.M:Thepleasureismine.PutaJoytowatchthebestsurfersintheworldcompete.IalwaysforgetthatTahitian’sfirstlanguageisFrench.I’mafraidIcan’thelpyouwiththat.W:Noworries.Fortheconvenienceoftheviewershereatboraborabeachoronline,Englishwillbefine.M:Deal.Overonehourlater,we’llintroducethisyear’scompetitorsandjudgeswhiletheygetreadytostart.Beforethis,therewillbeafive-minutesectionwiththeTahititourismboard,ourchiefadvertiserforthisevent.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.Whydoesthemandisliketake-offs?A.Itisdangerous. B.Itmakeshimsick. C.Ittakesalongtime.15.Wherearethespeakersgoing?A.Spain. B.America. C.Greece.16.Whatattractsthemanmost?A.Thevillages. B.Themuseums. C.Thebeaches.17.Howdoesthemanfeelintheend?A.Nervous. B.Relieved. C.Impatient.【答案】14.B15.C16.A17.B【原文】M:I’mnotlookingforwardtothis.W:Whynot?Thisistheholidayyou’vebeenwaitingthewholeyearfor.M:It’snottheholiday;it’stravellingontheplanethatI’mworriedabout.Ihatetakeoffs.W:Butyou’vedonethesemanytimesbefore.YouneversaidanythingwhenwewenttoSpain.M:ItstartedonthatflighttoAmericanineyearsago.Whenweriseveryquickly,itreallymakesmystomachturn.Whentheplaneracesdownthetrack,theenginesscreamloudly.W:Okay,well,we’refinallyabouttotakeoff.Youjustneedtocalmdown.Here,takesmyhand.WhatareyoulookingforwardtothemostaboutvisitingGreece?Thebeaches?Themuseums?Ormaybeit’sthelateevenings,relaxingbythebarwithadrink.M:I…Ohdear,therewego.Well,I’dlovetogovisitlocalvillages,youknow,seehowrealGreekslive,haveawalk,haveadrinkandabitetoeatinthelocalrestaurantsand…and…Ohdear.W:Thereweare,weupintheair.M:ThankgoodnessI’malive.Ifeelgreat.W:Good,becauseinfivehourswewilllandinGreece.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.HowdidFlorenceNightingalegethername?A.Itwasgivenbyanurse.B.Itoriginatedfromabook’stitle.C.Itwasfromherplaceofbirth.19.WhywasFlorenceNightingaleawardedtheRoyalRedCrossmedal?A.Forthehospitalsshebuilt.B.Forthecuresshedeveloped.C.Forthecontributionsshemade.20.Whatisthepurposeofthespeech?A.Toentertaintheaudiencewithastory.B.Tointroduceafamoushistoricalfigure.C.ToshowthegreatchangesinFlorence.【答案】18.C19.C20.B【原文】M:FlorenceNightingalewasbornintoawealthyBritishfamilyonmaytwelfth1820.ShewasnamedFlorenceaftertheplaceofherbirth,Florence,inItaly.Workingasanurse,shesavedthelivesofmanysoldiersduringtheCrimeanwar.Shewasdevotedtoherprofessionandworkedharddayandnight.FlorenceNightingalechangedthewaythathospitalscaredfortheirpatients.Before,hospitalswereovercrowdedanddirtyplaces.Thismeantthatdiseaseswereeasilyspread.Thereweren’tenoughdoctorsorbedstogoaround,sopeopleoftendidn’tgetthecaretheyneeded.FlorenceNightingalechangedallofthisbymakinghospitalscleanerplaces.Shealsotrainedmorenursestohelpcareforpatients.Shemadesurepatientswerewelllookedafterandhadgoodfoodtoeat,whichsavedmanylives.FlorencemetQueenVictoria,whoawardedhertheroyalredcrossmedal.Everyyearonmaytwelfth,herbirthday,nursescelebrateInternationalNurses’Day.FlorenceopenedaschoolofnursingandwroteabookcalledNotesonNursing.KingEdwardtheseventhgaveFlorenceaspecialawardcalledtheorderofmeritin1907.Shewasthefirstwomantoreceivethisaward,andshechangedthewaythatwomenwereseenintheworkplace.Shediedin1910.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANowadayssomedocumentarieskindofblowviewersawaywiththeiruniqueshootingskillsandfascinatinginsights.Herearethreepicksamongthemfor2024.●FantasyWestwardJourneyChiefDirector:LiuYileLength:SixEpisodesProducers:ChenXiaoyuBroadcastingPlatforms:BilibiliThisfilmseriesisthefirstgamedocumentarycreatedbyNetEaseandaCCTVproductionteam.Itshowstheintegrationofvideogameproductionwithtraditionalshadowplayart,ancientbuildingrestorationtechniques,andmovable-typeprinting,whichembodiestheconnectionbetweenChineseintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)andvideogameproduction.●BeautifulGuangdongandWildLingnanProducers:RongMingchang,LiuJiangtaoLength:FiveEpisodesProducers:NanfangMetropolisDaily,NvideoBroadcastingPlatforms:TencentVideo,BilibiliRichwithmountains,coastsandvalleys,LingnanareainthesouthofChinaisblessedwiththousandsofrecordedanimalsandplants.Thisdocumentaryseriesfocusesongeographicalfeatures,presentingthebeautifulsceneryandvitalityofwildcreaturesnativetoGuangdongProvince.●AMeetingwithArchitects(SeasonⅡ)Directors:JiaLi,LiangShuaiLength:TenEpisodesProducers:I-TALKBroadcastingPlatforms:BilibiliThisdocumentaryisthefirston-the-spotinterviewseriesaboutpersonalitiesinthefieldofarchitectureinChina.EachepisodefeaturesaninterviewwithstararchitectslikeMaYansongandLiXiangningattheconstructionsite,filmingthemomentofinspirationandthespiritofthemodernera.Itaimstoshowadeepunderstandingoftheessenceofarchitecture—itisnotonlythepresentationofthearchitect’sdesign,butalsoasharedspacethateveryonecaninteractwiththroughbodyandmind.21.WhodocumentvariouswildcreaturesinthesouthernChina?A.LiuYileandChenXiaoyuJia B.LiandLiangShuaiC.RongMingchangandLiuJiangtao D.MaYansongandLiXiangning22.WhatisspecialaboutAMeetingwithArchitects(SeasonⅡ)?A.ItbroadcastsonBilibili. B.Itfeaturesface-to-facetalks.C.Itpresentsrestorationskills. D.Itshowcasesthemodernart.23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Amagazine. B.Abrochure. C.Areport. D.Atextbook.【答案】21.C22.B23.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了2024年三部值得一看的纪录片，包括《梦幻西游》《大美广东野性岭南》以及《与建筑师的对话（第二季）》，分别介绍了它们的主创人员、时长、播放平台以及各自的特色内容。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据“BeautifulGuangdongandWildLingnan”部分中“Producers:RongMingchang,LiuJiangtaoLength:FiveEpisodes;Thisdocumentaryseriesfocusesongeographicalfeatures,presentingthebeautifulsceneryandvitalityofwildcreaturesnativetoGuangdongProvince(制片人：荣明昌、刘江涛；集数：五集；本纪录片系列聚焦地理风貌，展现广东省本土野生动植物的美丽景色和生命力)”可知，制片人荣明昌和刘江涛制作的《大美广东野性岭南》这部纪录片聚焦于地理特征，展示了广东省本土野生动物的美丽景色和活力，也就是他们记录了中国南方的各种野生动物。所以记录中国南方各种野生动物的是荣明昌和刘江涛，故选C项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据“AMeetingwithArchitects(SeasonⅡ)”部分中“Thisdocumentaryisthefirston-the-spotinterviewseriesaboutpersonalitiesinthefieldofarchitectureinChina.EachepisodefeaturesaninterviewwithstararchitectslikeMaYansongandLiXiangningattheconstructionsite,filmingthemomentofinspirationandthespiritofthemodernera(本纪录片是中国首部关于建筑领域人物的实地访谈系列片。每集都有对明星建筑师如马岩松、李晓明等在施工现场的采访，拍摄灵感时刻和现代精神)”可知，《与建筑师的对话（第二季）》这部纪录片是中国第一部关于建筑领域人物的现场采访系列片，每一集都有在建筑工地对马岩松和李翔宁等明星建筑师的采访，拍摄灵感瞬间和现代精神。所以它的特别之处在于以面对面的访谈为特色，故选B项。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Nowadayssomedocumentarieskindofblowviewersawaywiththeiruniqueshootingskillsandfascinatinginsights.Herearethreepicksamongthemfor2024(如今，一些纪录片以独特的拍摄技巧和引人入胜的视角震撼着观众。以下是2024年其中三部精选之作)”、“BeautifulGuangdongandWildLingnan”部分中“Producers:RongMingchang,LiuJiangtaoLength:FiveEpisodes;Thisdocumentaryseriesfocusesongeographicalfeatures,presentingthebeautifulsceneryandvitalityofwildcreaturesnativetoGuangdongProvince(制片人：荣明章、刘江涛；集数：五集；本纪录片系列聚焦地理风貌，展现广东省本土野生动植物的美丽景色和生命力)”以及“AMeetingwithArchitects(SeasonⅡ)”部分中“Thisdocumentaryisthefirston-the-spotinterviewseriesaboutpersonalitiesinthefieldofarchitectureinChina.EachepisodefeaturesaninterviewwithstararchitectslikeMaYansongandLiXiangningattheconstructionsite,filmingthemomentofinspirationandthespiritofthemodernera(本纪录片是中国首部关于建筑领域人物的实地访谈系列片。每集都有对明星建筑师如马岩松、李晓明等在施工现场的采访，拍摄灵感时刻和现代精神)”可知，文章主要介绍了2024年三部值得一看的纪录片，包括它们的主创人员、时长、播放平台以及各自的特色内容，这种对不同纪录片的介绍和推荐比较符合杂志的内容范畴，可推理出这篇文章可能取自一本杂志，故选A项。BLikeothercitiesinNewJersey’sRustBelt(铁锈地带),Patersonhasfallenonhardtimes,withitsonce-famoustextile(纺织品)industryindisrepairanditsschoolsabandoned.Strickland,anexpertinschooldesignandinstructoratMITinBoston,hadbeenhiredasaconsultanttohelpPatersonfindsitesfornewschools.Thearchitecthatchedagrandplantohelprevitalize(复兴)Paterson’sschoolsandthecityitself.Sixcareeracademiesareholdingclassesatoldsites.Thesesmallchangeshavenotgoneunnoticed.Thecity,astheresidentsexpected,hasthepotentialtoshine.Anearlyunoccupiedthree-storyshoppingmallhousestwoschools,onefocusedonmedicalcareers,theotheronmediaartsandurbanplanning.Englishandmathteachersforthetwoschoolsleadclassesinstorefrontsthatwereemptyjustayearago.Acrosstown,underthethickwoodenbeams(横梁)ofanoldtextilefactoryandatrainengineplant,studentswithdisabilitieswilllearnaboutcareerswiththeregion’stransportationsystems.StricklandrequireshisgraduatestudentsatMITtohelpPatersonconstructmodelsfornewbuildingprojectsinthecity.JaneRiesman,oneofStrickland’sstudents,hasbeenworkingwithherkidsonaneducationalparkthatwouldreplaceawastelandoflifelessasphalt(沥青)andgrassthatstretchesbetweentwodowntownschools.Thesurroundingneighborhoodishardlyinspiring;pulling-downofahigh-risehousingprojectisunderway,showeringdusteverywhere.ButRiesman’sstudentsenvisionaverydifferentplace.Oneofthestudentmodelsincludesaswimmingpool,skatingcourt,climbingwall,sandbox,andapondwithafountainandlotsoftrees.“It’sfun,anditmakesusfeellikewe’reinchargeandhelpingthecommunity,”says15-year-oldMarilynMedina,oneofthemodel’screators.Stricklandsaysit’simportantforthestudentstodream.“They’resettingatoneforthetown,”hesays.“Thekidscanpushtheenvelopeandchangetheculture.”24.WhatwasPatersonlikeinthepastaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Itfellintoseveredisrepair.B.Itrarelyproducedanyiron.C.Itstextileindustrywaswell-known.D.Itsschoolswerecompletelydeserted.25.Whatwastheresidents’attitudetowardsStrickland’splan?A.Opposed. B.Favorable. C.Dismissive. D.Uncaring.26.WhatcanweinferaboutRiesman’sstudents?A.Diligentandinnocent. B.Funnyandresponsible.C.Honestandtrustworthy. D.Imaginativeandhelpful.27.Whatdoesthetextfocuson?A.Transformingoldbuildingstoshine.B.Revitalizingthecity’sshoppingmall.C.Developingstudents’logicalthinking.D.WitnessingtheriseandfallofPaterson.【答案】24.C25.B26.D27.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是为了帮助振兴帕特森的学校和城市本身，建筑师制定了宏伟的计划来改变帕特森的老建筑，让其焕发光彩。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“LikeothercitiesinNewJersey’sRustBelt(铁锈地带),Patersonhasfallenonhardtimes,withitsonce-famoustextile(纺织品)industryindisrepairanditsschoolsabandoned.(与新泽西州“铁锈地带”的其他城市一样，帕特森也陷入了困境，曾经著名的纺织业年久失修，学校也被废弃。)”可知，在过去，帕特森的纺织工业是很出名的。冠词C项。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“Thecity,astheresidentsexpected,hasthepotentialtoshine.(正如居民们所期望的那样，这座城市有潜力发光。)”可知，居民们对思特里克兰德的计划持赞成的态度。故选B项。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段的句子“ButRiesman’sstudentsenvisionaverydifferentplace.Oneofthestudentmodelsincludesaswimmingpool,skatingcourt,climbingwall,sandbox,andapondwithafountainandlotsoftrees.“It’sfun,anditmakesusfeellikewe’reinchargeandhelpingthecommunity,”says15-year-oldMarilynMedina,oneofthemodel’screators.(但是Riesman的学生们设想了一个完全不同的地方。其中一个学生模型包括一个游泳池、溜冰场、攀岩墙、沙盒和一个带喷泉和许多树木的池塘。15岁的MarilynMedina是该模型的创造者之一，她说：“这很有趣，让我们觉得自己在负责并帮助社区。”)”可知，Riesman的学生们富有想象力且是乐于助人的。故选D项。【27题详析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是为了帮助振兴帕特森的学校和城市本身，建筑师制定了宏伟的计划来改变帕特森的老建筑，让其焕发光彩。故选A项。CArtificialintelligence—orAI—isthecomputercode(代码)thatallowsamachinetodosomethingthatnormallyrequiresahumanbrain.OnTikTok,forinstance,AIsortsthepostssothatthefirstonesyouseearelikelytobethoseyou’dprefer.ButbeforeanAIcandoanyofthat,developersmusttrainit.Andthetrainingconsumesenergy.AItrainingispoweredmostlybyfossil(化石)fuels,accordingtooneofthelargeststudiesofitskind.Lessthan25percentofAIsuselow-carbonenergysourcessuchashydroelectricityandnuclearpowerduringtraining.Infact,researchersnowworrythattraining’sappetiteforenergycouldsoonbecomeahugeproblem.TheenergytodevelopAIcomesoutoftheelectricalnet.Andinmostpartsoftheworld,makingelectricityemits(排放)carbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheair.Language-processingAIsystemslearnbydevouring(吞食)textsinaparticularlanguage.Thismightinclude“reading”everythingeverpublishedonlineinsomelanguage,includinglibrariesfullofoldbooksthathavebeendigitized.Suchdata-intensivetrainingusesalotofenergy.TotranslatebetweenEnglishandChinese,forexample,anAImodelmaydealwithmillionsorevenbillionsoftranslatedbooksandarticles.Inthisway,itlearnswhichwordsandphrasesmatch.Later,whengivenanewtext,itrecommendsitsowntranslation.In2019,researcherscalculatedtheimpactofdevelopingAImodelnamedTransformer.Itreleasedamassive626,000poundsofcarbondioxide.That’sequaltothegreenhousegasesthatwouldbepouredbyfiveAmericancarsfromwhentheyweremadetowhentheywerejunked.Today,mostAIdevelopmenthappensatdatacenters.Thesecomputer-filledbuildingsaccountforsome2percentUSelectricityuseand1percentofglobalenergyuse.SomeAIexpertshavesoundedanalarmaboutthethreattheseenergygiantspose.28.WhatisAItrainingmainlyenergizedby?A.Fossilfuels. B.Solarenergy. C.Nuclearenergy. D.Greenhousegases.29.Whatdoweknowaboutthelanguage-processingAIsystems?A.Theyprocesslimitedtexts. B.Theywillreplacetranslators.C.Theyseldomreaddigitalbooks. D.Theyareenergy-consuming.30.WhydoestheauthormentionTransformerinparagraph4?A.Tohighlightitssignificance. B.TospeakhighlyofAI’spower.C.Todemonstrateresearchers’creativity. D.Tostressitseffectontheenvironment.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.AI’sdevelopmentposesathreattodatacenters.B.TheenergyconsumptionofAIcan’tbeignored.C.AIiseffectivelytransformingthewaywelearn.D.Peopleshouldtakeactiontoreducegasemission.【答案】28.A29.D30.D31.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能（AI）训练所消耗的能源问题。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“AItrainingispoweredmostlybyfossil(化石)fuels,accordingtooneofthelargeststudiesofitskind.(根据同类研究中规模最大的一项，人工智能训练主要由化石燃料提供动力。)”可知，AI训练主要由化石燃料提供能量。故选A。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Language-processingAIsystemslearnbydevouring(吞食)textsinaparticularlanguage.Thismightinclude“reading”everythingeverpublishedonlineinsomelanguage,includinglibrariesfullofoldbooksthathavebeendigitized.Suchdata-intensivetrainingusesalotofenergy.(语言处理人工智能系统通过大量“吞食”（即阅读）特定语言的文本来进行学习。这可能包括“阅读”某种语言下所有曾在网上发布过的内容，以及已被数字化的满载古老书籍的图书馆。这种数据密集型的训练过程消耗了大量的能源。)”可知，语言处理AI系统需要“吞食”大量的文本，这种数据密集型的训练消耗了大量的能量。故选D。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“In2019,researcherscalculatedtheimpactofdevelopingAImodelnamedTransformer.Itreleasedamassive626,000poundsofcarbondioxide.That’sequaltothegreenhousegasesthatwouldbepouredbyfiveAmericancarsfromwhentheyweremadetowhentheywerejunked.(2019年，研究人员计算了开发名为Transformer的人工智能模型的影响。它释放了62.6万磅的二氧化碳。这相当于五辆美国汽车从制造到报废所排放的温室气体总量。)”可知，作者提到Transformer是为了说明开发这个AI模型释放了大量的二氧化碳，即为了强调其对环境的影响。故选D。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today,mostAIdevelopmenthappensatdatacenters.Thesecomputer-filledbuildingsaccountforsome2percentUSelectricityuseand1percentofglobalenergyuse.SomeAIexpertshavesoundedanalarmaboutthethreattheseenergygiantspose.(如今，大多数人工智能的开发都发生在数据中心。这些布满计算机的建筑约占美国电力消耗的2%和全球能源消耗的1%。一些人工智能专家对这些能源巨头构成的威胁发出了警报。)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示AI的能源消耗不容忽视。故选B。DDecadesofincreasingcornandsoyabeanproductionhaveturnedBrazilintoanagriculturalpowerhouse,whichalsoledtothedestructionoftheAmazonrainforest.Thathaslongputfarmersandenvironmentalistsindisagreement.ButastudyreleasedinOctoberbytheFederalUniversityofMinasGerais(UFMG)andRainforestFoundationNorway(RFN)showstheextenttowhichdeforestationishurtingfarmerstoo.Thereportshowsthatthepracticeofclear-cuttingintheBrazilianAmazonledtoreducedcropproduction,resultingintotaleconomiclossesofabout$1billionbetween2006and2019.Thenetrevenues(收入)forsoyabeansdroppedby10%overthattime,whilecornrevenuesdroppedby20%.AndersKrogh,aspecialistforestadviseratRFN,saysthesefindingsdemonstratethedangerdeforestationposestoglobalfoodsecurity.Whenancientforestsbecomerollingplains,adelicatebalanceofwatercycleisdisturbed.Astreesbreathe,theyturnwaterintovapour(水蒸气),whichgoesontoformlarge,thickrainclouds,andhasacoolingeffectontheregion.Thisrecyclingprocessalsoinfluencesatmosphericcirculation(循环),whichplaysakeyroleintemperatureregulationintheAmazonbasin.Theeffectsaretheseverestinthemostdeforestedregions.Lessrainandhotterdaysmeansmallerharvestsandsmallerrevenues.PreventingfurtherdeforestationinBrazil’ssouthernAmazoncouldslowthetrend.Plus,reforestingcouldevenchangerainfalltrends:thereportconcludesthatiftheBrazilianstateofParáweretoreforest55,000km²offarmingland,theraincouldcomeonaveragefivedaysearlier,andupto19insomeareas.Fornow,though,thatseemslikeatallorder.AgriculturalfirmsinBraziltendtotreatsuchreportsandtheresearcherswhoproducethemwithdoubt.Theterm“agri-phobic(农业恐惧)”isoftenusedtodescribescientistswhocriticizethecountry’sfarmingpractices.Atthegrassrootslevel,despitetheincreasingcostsofadaptingtodrierconditions,Brazilianfarmersdoubttheclaimsthatlowerproductionresultsfromclimatechangeordeforestation.BritaldoSoares-Filho,aresearcheratUFMGandthereport’sleadauthor,hopesthatconcentratingonthefinancialeffectofdeforestation,ratherthanabstractmodelling,canchangefarmers’minds.Sustainablefarmingpractices,heurges,areintheeconomicinterestsofagribusiness.32.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?A.Bylistingstatistics. B.Bycitingasaying.C.Bymakinganassumption. D.Byintroducingaconcept.33.Whichisclosetotheunderlinedidiom“atallorder”inmeaninginparagraph4?A.Ahardnut. B.Abigfish.C.Ahelpinghand. D.Ared-letterday.34.WhatdoesBritaldoSoares-Filhomean?A.Loggingcontributestofinancialincrease.B.Abstractmodellingmakesabigdifference.C.Clear-cuttingputsglobalfoodsecurityingreatdanger.D.Farmersshouldfocusonthefinancialimpactofdeforestation.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Deforestation:itboostsrevenues?B.Watercycle:itdisturbsagriculture?C.Climatechange:itworsensrainforest?D.Reforesting:itrelievesglobalwarming?【答案】32.A33.A34.D35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了巴西亚马孙雨林的砍伐对农业生产及经济的影响。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thereportshowsthatthepracticeofclear-cuttingintheBrazilianAmazonledtoreducedcropproduction,resultingintotaleconomiclossesofabout$1billionbetween2006and2019.Thenetrevenues(收入)forsoyabeansdroppedby10%overthattime,whilecornrevenuesdroppedby20%.AndersKrogh,aspecialistforestadviseratRFN,saysthesefindingsdemonstratethedangerdeforestationposestoglobalfoodsecurity.(报告显示，巴西亚马孙地区的皆伐导致农作物产量减少，2006年至2019年期间经济损失总额约为10亿美元。在此期间，大豆的净收入下降了10%，而玉米的收入下降了20%。雨林基金会(RFN)的林业专家顾问安德斯·克罗格(AndersKrogh)表示，这些发现表明，森林砍伐对全球粮食安全构成了威胁。)”可知，作者在该段中通过列出具体的统计数据，如经济损失总额、大豆和玉米的收入下降百分比等，来支持其观点。故选A。【33题详析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Plus,reforestingcouldevenchangerainfalltrends:thereportconcludesthatiftheBrazilianstateofParáweretoreforest55,000km²offarmingland,theraincouldcomeonaveragefivedaysearlier,andupto19insomeareas.(此外，重新造林甚至可以改变降雨趋势：报告得出结论，如果巴西帕拉州能够对5.5万平方公里的耕地进行重新造林，那么雨水可能会平均提前5天到来，在某些地区甚至可能提前19天到来。)”和“though(不过)”可知，就目前而言，这似乎是一个难题。由此可知，“atallorder”指的是一个难以实现或要求过高的任务，即一个难题。选项A“一个难题”符合题意。故选A。【34题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“BritaldoSoares-Filho,aresearcheratUFMGandthereport’sleadauthor,hopesthatconcentratingonthefinancialeffectofdeforestation,ratherthanabstractmodelling,canchangefarmers’minds.(UFMG的研究员、该报告的主要作者布里塔尔多·索阿雷斯·菲略希望，把注意力集中在森林砍伐的经济影响上，而不是抽象的建模上，可以改变农民的想法。)”可知，BritaldoSoares-Filho认为农民应该关注森林砍伐对经济的影响。故选D。【35题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ButastudyreleasedinOctoberbytheFederalUniversityofMinasGerais(UFMG)andRainforestFoundationNorway(RFN)showstheextenttowhichdeforestationishurtingfarmerstoo.(但米纳斯吉拉斯联邦大学(UFMG)和挪威雨林基金会(RFN)10月发布的一项研究显示，森林砍伐对农民的伤害程度也很大。)”和第二段“Thereportshowsthatthepracticeofclear-cuttingintheBrazilianAmazonledtoreducedcropproduction,resultingintotaleconomiclossesofabout$1billionbetween2006and2019.(报告显示，巴西亚马孙地区的皆伐导致农作物产量减少，2006年至2019年期间经济损失总额约为10亿美元。)”可知，文章主要讨论了森林砍伐对农业生产及经济的影响，选项A“砍伐森林：它能增加收入？”这个标题能够引发读者对森林砍伐与农民收入之间关系的思考，与短文的主题紧密相关。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AccordingtoscientistShirleyMueller,collectingfeedsthepleasurecenterofthebrain,butwithoutthedrawbacksofalcoholorsmoking.“___36___.”saysMueller.“Andit’salsoawayforthecollectortotemporarilyletgooftheburdensintheirlivesandfindjoyinthemoment.”___37___.Morethan100,000yearsago,ourancestorssearchedforstones,shells,andotheruselessobjectsjustastheyhuntedforfood.Inmoderntimes,whilesomepeoplecollectasastatementofwhotheyare,otherscollectasaninvestmentorasourceofpleasure.Collectingrequiresattainingknowledge.Youhavetofigureoutwhereyoucanfindthedesireditems,whatthey’reworth,andhowyouwillorganizeanddisplayyourcollections.Thoseactivitiesstimulateareasofthebraininvolvedinitsfunctioning,skillsthatinclu