2023-2024学年安徽省五市高二上学期期末联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1安徽省五市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末联考英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatisundertheboy’spillow?A．Thegeographybook.B．Thephysicsbook.C．Thehistorybook.2．Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Athome.B．Inabar.C．Inanoffice.3．WhatinstrumentdoesHarryneedtopractisemore?A．Theguitar.B．Thepiano.C．Theviolin.4．Whatwillthemandofirst?A．Goswimming.B．Gethisbooks.C．Playtennis.5．Whydidthewomangototown?A．Tolearnaboute-payment.B．Tobuybooks.C．Todrawsomemoney.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．WhereisthefestivalBurningManheld?A．Inatradingcenter.B．Inthedesert.C．Inthewoods.7．WhatcanpeopledoinsideBurningMan?A．Usecash.B．Tradestuff.C．Burnpapers.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．WhatdoesthemansayaboutKingTeam?A．Theywonthematch.B．Theylostbyonegoal.C．Theyplayedverywell.9．WhendidMikeleavethematch?A．Tenminutesafteritbegan.B．Twentyminutesafteritbegan.C．Twentyminutesbeforeitended.10．Whodidthemangowith?A．Hissister.B．Hisbrother.C．Hisfather.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Aplace.B．Aholiday.C．Adinner.12．WhatdidthemanbuyinChinatown?A．Somelanterns.B．Somefireworks.C．Anupside-down“Fu”.13．Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’sNewYear’sEve?A．Amusing.B．Relaxing.C．Tiring.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14．WhatwillthemandothisSunday?A．Prepareagift.B．Attendaparty.C．Gomountainclimbing.15．Whatkindofbookdoestheman’ssisterlike?A．Detectivenovels.B．Paintingbooks.C．Romanticstories.16．Whatpresentwillthemangivehissister?A．Atoy.B．Adress.C．Atickettoaconcert.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwoartists?A．Strangers.B．Colleagues.C．Schoolmates.18．WhichdirectiondoesXiaoHan’sstudioface?A．South.B．West.C．East.19．WhatareHeTing’spaintingsmainlyabout?A．Landscapes.B．Animals.C．Peopleandlife.20．WhatisHeTing’sattitudetowardsthefutureoftraditionalChinesepainting?A．Worried.B．Positive.C．Doubtful.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A4ModernRobotsThatWillShapeOurFutureTherewasonceatimewhenrobotswerelimitedtoscience-fictionmoviesandnovels.Nowwehaveawidevarietyofrobots,availableforourservice.Hereare4examples.ValkyrieNASA’s“superhero”robotis6feet2inchesinheightandwasoriginallydesignedforuseontheInternationalSpaceStation.Valkyrieisabletowalkbyitself,pickupobjectsandusetools.NASAhopesthatoneday,itcanhelphumansindangerzonesanddisaster-strickenareas.Therobotisbasicallyashe-botsinceitwasbuiltwithfemalecharacteristics.SchaftThisrobot,madebyaJapanesecompany(whichwaslaterboughtbyGoogle),wontherecentDARPAroboticscompetition.The4feet11inchesinheightrobotcanpoweritselfinsteadofabattery.Thisgivesitgreatermovementsincebatterieslimithowfasttherobotcanactuallyperformtasks.Schaftblewthecompetitionaway.IantheInvincibleIan,basedontheAtlasrobot,iscreatedbyGoogle-owned,BostonDynamics.The6feet2inchesinheightrobothas28hydraulicallyactuatedjointsandstereovision.WhatmakesIanuniqueisthesoftwarewhichallowshimtodriveacar.IancamesecondattheRobo-Olympics,butthe330poundgiantstillhasquiteawaytogo.TelebotStillunderdevelopmentatFloridaInternationalUniversity,Telebotwillgiveinjuredanddisabledpoliceofficersanopportunitytogobacktowork.Therobotis180cminheight,travelsonwheelsandisremotecontrolled.ThreeHDcamerasgiveTelebota360degreeviewandwithmultiplesensors,ithelpscopstomonitoranydangeroussituationfromasafedistance.1.WhatdoesValkyriefeature?A.Built-incameras. B.Thecapacitytousetools.C.Itsuniquegenderdesign. D.Theabilitytopickupobjects.2.WhatdoSchaftandIantheInvinciblehaveincommon?A.Theyhavethesameheight. B.Theyoffersimilarapplications.C.TheybothwonintheRobo-Olympics. D.Theynowbelongtothesamefirm.3.WhoisTelebotintendedfor?A.Thedisabled. B.Thepolice. C.Theelderly. D.Theastronauts.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了4款会影响未来的现代机器人。【1题详析】细节理解题。本题问Valkyrie款机器人的特点。根据Valkyrie部分的“Therobotisbasicallyashe-botsinceitwasbuiltwithfemalecharacteristics.(这个机器人基本上是一个女性机器人，因为它是带有女性特征的)”可知，这个机器人是以女性特征制造的，是有性别的。故选C项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Schaft部分“Thisrobot,madebyaJapanesecompany(whichwaslaterboughtbyGoogle)…(这个机器人由一家日本公司制造(后来被谷歌收购)…)”和IantheInvincible部分的“Ian,basedontheAtlasrobot,iscreatedbyGoogle-owned,BostonDynamics.(伊恩的原型是阿特拉斯机器人，由谷歌旗下的波士顿动力公司制造)”可知，现在它们隶属于同一家公司-谷歌。故选D项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“StillunderdevelopmentatFloridaInternationalUniversity,Telebotwillgiveinjuredanddisabledpoliceofficersanopportunitytogobacktowork.(佛罗里达国际大学仍在开发Telebot，它将使受伤和残疾的警察有机会重返工作岗位)”及“ithelpscopstomonitoranydangeroussituationfromasafedistance.(它可以帮助警察从安全距离监视任何危险情况)”可知，这款机器人是专为警察设计的。故选B项。BMareiS.B.,25,gotherfirsttasteofherdreamcareerthispastsummerinColorado,wheresheinterned(实习)atWoodward,Inc.,anAmericandesigner,manufacturer,andserviceproviderofcontrolsystemcomponentsforaircraftenginesforsomeoftheworld’slargestaircraftcompanies.MareiwaspartoftheplatformdevelopmentengineeringteamatWoodward,helpingtraintheoperationsandengineeringteamsoncrucialaircraftcomponents.“Thiswasmyveryfirstinternship,andIwasamazedbytheaerospaceindustry,”shesaid.“Wewerealwayscrunchedunderdeadlines,andcustomers,understandably,requestedlargeworkorders.Therewasalwaysapressuretoperformyourbestandprovidethemwiththebestpossibleunitsmadeatourplant.Thistaughtmealotabouthowdemandingandfast-pacedtheindustryis,butitalsoconfirmedandreassuredmethatIreallywanttoworkintheaerospaceindustry.”TheinternshiprequiredMareitousebothhertechnicalengineeringandinterpersonalskills.SheworkedwithboththeengineeringandoperationsteamsatWoodward.“Theoperationsteamdidn’tnecessarilyhaveengineeringdegrees,soIhadtobreakdowntechnicaltermsintoeverydaywordsthatweuse,”shesaid.“Ittaughtmetobespecificandprecise.EvenifIhavetorepeatthingsthreeorfourtimes,that’stotallyfine.I’dratherbemorerepetitiveandensureeachstepiscorrectthanhavetoreworktheentireprocess.”Mareialsohelpedtraintheteamsthroughproductdisplaysandvisualworkinstructionsonhowtomanufacturespecificproducts.Thatbroughtitsownuniquethrill,astheinstructionsshecreatedcouldbeusedlongafterherinternshipended.MareiisplanningtoreturntoWoodwardthiswinter.She’llhaveanothersemester’sworthofengineeringknowledge,whichwillfurtherherintothecareershe’salwayswanted.“IgottoapplymanyofthethingsIlearnedatHarvard,”shesaid.“TheinternshiptaughtmethetechnicalknowledgeI’dneedtolearnfrommycoursesthatcouldbeappliedhere.”4.WhoisMarei?A.AnAmericanmanufacturer. B.AgraduatefromWoodward.C.Along-timeworkerofWoodward,Inc.. D.Anadvancedstudentgainingpracticalexperience.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crunched”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Extremelybusy. B.Desperatelyfrustrated.C.Reallysatisfied. D.Especiallyrandom.6.WhichwordscanbestdescribeMarei’sworkinWoodward,Inc.?A.Boringbutrewarding. B.Motivatingandsmooth.C.Demandingbutbeneficial. D.Challengingandcomfortable.7.WhywillMareireturntoWoodward?A.Tohuntforfurtherstudyinhighcollege. B.Torealizethepotentialinteaching.C.Tobetterputtheknowledgeintopractice. D.Tofulfilltheinitialdreamattheyoungage.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了25岁的MareiS.B.在美国伍德沃德公司实习的经历，她作为平台开发工程团队的一员，帮助培训和指导操作和工程团队关于关键飞机部件的知识。这次实习让她深刻体会到了航空航天工业的严苛和高效率，同时也坚定了她从事航空航天事业的决心。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“MareiS.B.,25,gotherfirsttasteofherdreamcareerthispastsummerinColorado,wheresheinterned(实习)atWoodward,Inc.,anAmericandesigner,manufacturer,andserviceproviderofcontrolsystemcomponentsforaircraftenginesforsomeoftheworld’slargestaircraftcompanies.(今年夏天，25岁的MareiS.B.在科罗拉多州的伍德沃德公司第一次体验了她梦寐以求的职业生涯。伍德沃德公司是一家美国设计、制造和服务提供商，为世界上一些最大的飞机公司提供飞机发动机控制系统组件)”可知，MareiS.B.在为世界上一些最大的飞机公司提供飞机发动机控制系统组件的美国伍德沃德公司实习，是一位想获得实习经验的优秀学生。故选D项。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Wewerealwayscrunchedunderdeadlines,andcustomers,understandably,requestedlargeworkorders.(我们总是在截止日期前crunched，客户要求大量的工作订单也是可以理解的)”和“Thistaughtmealotabouthowdemandingandfast-pacedtheindustryis(这让我了解到这个行业的要求有多高，节奏有多快)”可知，MareiS.B.从事的这一行业要求多高，节奏快，结合划线词后“customers,understandably,requestedlargeworkorders”可推知，因为客户要求大量的工作订单，所以在截止日期前会“很忙”。划线词crunched与同义extremelybusy。故选A项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Therewasalwaysapressuretoperformyourbestandprovidethemwiththebestpossibleunitsmadeatourplant.Thistaughtmealotabouthowdemandingandfast-pacedtheindustryis,butitalsoconfirmedandreassuredmethatIreallywanttoworkintheaerospaceindustry.(总是有一种压力，要表现得最好，并为他们提供最好的我们的工厂制作的元件。这让我了解到这个行业的要求有多高、节奏有多快，但也让我确信，我真的想在航空航天行业工作)”可知，在伍德沃德公司的实习工作要求很高(demanding)；根据第四段中“Thatbroughtitsownuniquethrill,astheinstructionsshecreatedcouldbeusedlongafterherinternshipended.(这带来了独特的快乐，因为她创建的说明可以在实习结束后很长一段时间内使用)”和最后一段中“TheinternshiptaughtmethetechnicalknowledgeI’dneedtolearnfrommycoursesthatcouldbeappliedhere.(实习教会了我需要从课程中学习的技术知识，这些知识可以应用到这里)”可知，实习工作带来了好处(beneficial)。故选C项。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“MareiisplanningtoreturntoWoodwardthiswinter.She’llhaveanothersemester’sworthofengineeringknowledge,whichwillfurtherherintothecareershe’salwayswanted.“IgottoapplymanyofthethingsIlearnedatHarvard,”shesaid.(Marei计划今年冬天回到伍德沃德。她将学习一个学期的工程知识，这将进一步推动她一直想要的职业生涯。“我把在哈佛学到的很多东西都用上了，”她说)”可知，Marei会回到伍德沃德是因为她想把新学期学到的知识付诸实践。故选C项。C“Everybodyistalentedbecauseeverybodywhoishumanhassomethingtoexpress,”saidAmericanjournalistBrendaUeland.However,sometimesstrictteachersorartworldcouldkillcreativesparkinthosewhomightnotmeetacademicorartworldexpectations.Fromayoungage,Emily’sparentsintroducedhertoart.Herfathertookhertoworld-renownedgalleriesinGermany,Italy,orFrance.AlthoughherfatherlovedandfocusedonMedievalandreligiousart,nine-year-oldEmilywastakenabackbytheModernArt.“IwouldgototheModernArtsectiononmyown.Thepaintingswerefantastic,andmyheartflewlookingatthem,”saidEmily.Althoughshelovedartsandtookcreativesubjectsatschool,sheneverhadenoughtimetodedicatetopainting.OnlyaftershecompletedherPh.D.insystematictheology(神学)atTheUniversityofSt.Michael’sCollegeinCanada,shefoundtimetopaintin1996.“Iwasalreadyteachingtheology,andIenrolled(报名)inawatercolourclass.OnceIstarted,Icouldnotstop,”shesaid.Emilyworksasanindependentfundraiserconsultantfornon-profitorganizations,inadditiontoherresponsibilitiesasaFundDeveloperatCardinalFelixFoundation.Sheregularlytakesartclassesorpaintsathome,butshepackshercoloursoneverytrip.“Paintinghelpsmetogetintouchwithmytrueself.Ithasmademylifericher,”shesaid.Inherpainting,shelikestofocusonasingleobjectanddrawattentiontoitsdetails.“Iliketoseewhatisuniqueaboutanobjectandhowitcomplementsitssurrounding,”shesaid.Emilyenjoyscreatingcolourfulandnovelscenes.Sheignoresremarksofthosewhofollowstrictartconceptsandwhoisconsideredagenuineartist.Emilyviewsartandcreativityasauniquelanguagethatintroduceshertodifferentaspectsoflifeandpeople.“Artisalsomybestfriend.Itisalwayshereforme,”shesaid.8.WhydoestheauthormentionBrendaUeland?A.Toshareadepressingstory. B.Toclarifyinsightsonartcreation.C.Toassumetheprospectoftalents. D.Todemonstratethecreativityofartists.9.WhatdoweknowaboutEmily’sfather?A.HeledEmilytothedoorofart.B.HeaccompaniedEmilytopaintalltheway.C.Hewasagainstthechoiceofsystematictheology.D.Hehadthesametastesinartandsimilarhobbies.10.WhendidEmilyactuallybegintodrawpictures?A.Atayoungage. B.DuringthetriptoFrance.C.IntheUniversityofSt.Michael’sCollege. D.AfterobtainingherPh.D.inCanada.11.HowdidEmilyreacttothestrictartcritics?A.Turnadeafearandbetruetoherself.B.Followtheirprofessionalandfar-reachingadvice.C.Learnfromtheireducationalandcreativeremarks.D.Adoptcriticalthinkingtohandlethecriticism.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了Emily的绘画之路和对绘画的感悟。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段““Everybodyistalentedbecauseeverybodywhoishumanhassomethingtoexpress,”saidAmericanjournalistBrendaUeland.However,sometimesstrictteachersorartworldcouldkillcreativesparkinthosewhomightnotmeetacademicorartworldexpectations.(美国记者BrendaUeland说：“每个人都很有天赋，因为每个人都有表达的东西。”。然而，有时严格的老师或艺术界可能会扼杀那些可能达不到学术或艺术界期望的人的创造力。)”可知，作者提到BrendaUeland是为了阐述其对艺术创作的感悟和理解。故选B项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Fromayoungage,Emily’sparentsintroducedhertoart.Herfathertookhertoworld-renownedgalleriesinGermany,Italy,orFrance.(从小，Emily的父母就向她介绍艺术。她的父亲带她去了德国、意大利或法国的世界知名画廊。)”可知，艾米丽的父亲引领其进入绘画之门。故选A项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“OnlyaftershecompletedherPh.D.insystematictheology(神学)atTheUniversityofSt.Michael’sCollegeinCanada,shefoundtimetopaintin1996.(直到她在加拿大圣迈克尔大学学院完成了系统神学博士学位后，她才在1996年抽出时间画画。)”可知，艾米丽在加拿大获得博士学位后开始画画。故选D项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sheignoresremarksofthosewhofollowstrictartconceptsandwhoisconsideredagenuineartist.Emilyviewsartandcreativityasauniquelanguagethatintroduceshertodifferentaspectsoflifeandpeople.“Artisalsomybestfriend.Itisalwayshereforme,”shesaid.(她忽略了那些遵循严格艺术概念、被认为是真正艺术家的人的言论。Emily将艺术和创造力视为一种独特的语言，将她介绍给生活和人们的不同方面。“艺术也是我最好的朋友。它永远在我身边，”她说。)”可知，艾米丽对严格的艺术评论家的言论充耳不闻，她把艺术和创造力视为一种独特的语言，能让她了解生活和人们的不同方面，忠于自己。故选A项。DAspeciesofspiderlivesitsentirelifeunderwater,despitehavinglungsthatcanonlybreatheatmosphericoxygen.Howdoesitdoit?Thisspider,knownastheArgyronetaaquatica,hasmillionsofrough,water-repellent(防水)hairsthattrapairarounditsbody,creatinganoxygencanandactingasabarrierbetweenthespider’slungsandthewater.Now,ateamofresearchersledbytheHarvardJohnA.PaulsonSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences(SEAS),hasdevelopedasuperhydrophobic(超疏水)surfacewithastableplastron(胸甲)thatcanlastformonthsunderwater,followingthesuitofthespider.“Researchinthesematerialsisanextremelyexcitingareathatcontinuestobringintotheregionofman-madematerialselegantsolutionsevolvedinnature,whichallowustointroducenewmaterialswithpropertiesneverseenbefore,”saidJoannaAizenberg.“Thisresearchexemplifieshowuncoveringtheseprinciplescanleadtodevelopingsurfacesthatmaintainsuperhydrophobicityunderwater.”Researchershaveknownfor20yearsthatastableunderwaterplastronwastheoreticallypossiblebut,untilnow,haven’tbeenabletoshowitexperimentally.Oneofthebiggestissueswithplastronsisthattheyneedroughsurfacestoform,likethehairofArgyronetaaquatica.Butthisroughnessmakesthesurfacemechanicallyunstableandsubtletoanysmallchangeintemperature,pressure,ortinydefect.Butwithanewmethodandasimplemanufacturingtechnique,theteamdesignedasurfacefromacommonlyusedandinexpensivematerialwithalong-lastingplastronthatkeptthesurfacedrythousandsofhourslongerthanpreviousexperimentsandevenlongerthantheplastronsoflivingspecies.Toprovethestabilityoftheplastron,theresearchersputthesurfacethroughthetest-bendingit,twistingit,hittingitwithhotandcoldwater,andrubbingitwithsandandsteel.12.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.ThecharacteristicsoftheArgyronetaaquatica.B.ThepotentialthreattotheexistenceoftheArgyronetaaquatica.C.TheeffectoftheArgyronetaaquaticainthewaterworld.D.ThedilemmaoftheArgyronetaaquaticafacingtosurviveunderwater.13.WhatmayJoannaAizenbergapproveof?A.Theprospectofman-madematerialstakingplaceofnaturalones.B.Thenecessityofmeasuringtheadvantagesofdevelopingcreativesurfaces.C.Thesignificanceofdetectingtheprinciplesinanimalstodiscoverrarespecies.D.Thebenefitofobservingnatureandmakingfulluseofittocreatenewmaterials.14.Whywasithardtoproduceastableunderwaterplastronpreviously?A.Becauseoflackofrawmaterials.B.Sincetherewasnoexampletofollow.C.Duetotheshortageofexperimentalexperiences.D.Becausethespecialsurfacemakesitdifficulttobestable.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ABreath-catchingSpider B.Staying-dryPlastronUnderwaterC.InnovationsinWildlifeProtection D.RecognitionofCopyingSpider’sRole【答案】12.A13.D14.D15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科研人员研发的一种可以在水下佩戴的胸甲，这是根据一种在水下生活一辈子却只能呼吸大气中氧气的蜘蛛的皮肤研发而成的。【12题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Aspeciesofspiderlivesitsentirelifeunderwater,despitehavinglungsthatcanonlybreatheatmosphericoxygen.Howdoesitdoit?Thisspider,knownastheArgyronetaaquatica,hasmillionsofrough,water-repellent(防水)hairsthattrapairarounditsbody,creatinganoxygencanandactingasabarrierbetweenthespider’slungsandthewater.(一种蜘蛛一生都生活在水下，尽管它的肺只能呼吸大气中的氧气。它是如何做到的?这种被称为Argyronetaaquaticade蜘蛛有数百万根粗糙的防水毛，这些毛可以将空气困在身体周围，形成一个氧气罐，并作为蜘蛛肺部和水之间的屏障。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了这种蜘蛛一辈子都生活在水下，是因为其独特的皮肤毛发的特点。故选A项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Researchinthesematerialsisanextremelyexcitingareathatcontinuestobringintotheregionofman-madematerialselegantsolutionsevolvedinnature,whichallowustointroducenewmaterialswithpropertiesneverseenbefore(对这些材料的研究是一个非常令人兴奋的领域，它将继续为人造材料领域带来自然界中进化出来的好的解决方案，这使我们能够引入前所未有的新材料)”及“Thisresearchexemplifieshowuncoveringtheseprinciplescanleadtodevelopingsurfacesthatmaintainsuperhydrophobicityunderwater.(这项研究举例说明了揭示这些原理如何能够开发出在水下保持超疏水性的表面的材料。)”可知JoannaAizenberg应该赞成观察自然并利用其引入前所未有的性能的新材料是有益于人类的。故选D项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Oneofthebiggestissueswithplastronsisthattheyneedroughsurfacestoform,likethehairofArgyronetaaquatica.Butthisroughnessmakesthesurfacemechanicallyunstableandsubtletoanysmallchangeintemperature,pressure,ortinydefect.(关于这种胸甲最大的问题之一是它们需要粗糙的表面来形成，就像Argyronetaaquatica蜘蛛的毛发一样。但这种粗糙度使得表面不稳定，对温度、压力或微小缺陷的任何微小变化都很敏感。)”可知，从物理机械学角度这种粗糙度使得表面很难维持稳定。故选D项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第二段“Now,ateamofresearchersledbytheHarvardJohnA.PaulsonSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences(SEAS),hasdevelopedasuperhydrophobic(超疏水)surfacewithastableplastron(胸甲)thatcanlastformonthsunderwater,followingthesuitofthespider.(现在，由哈佛大学HarvardJohnA.Paulson工程与应用科学学院(SEAS)领导的一组研究人员已经开发出一种超疏水表面(超疏水)，其稳定的板(胸甲)可以在水下持续数月，就像蜘蛛的衣服一样。)”及最后一段“Butwithanewmethodandasimplemanufacturingtechnique,theteamdesignedasurfacefromacommonlyusedandinexpensivematerialwithalong-lastingplastronthatkeptthesurfacedrythousandsofhourslongerthanpreviousexperimentsandevenlongerthantheplastronsoflivingspecies.(但通过一种新方法和一种简单的制造技术，该团队用一种常用且廉价的材料设计了一种表面，这种表面具有持久的胸甲，比以前的实验保持表面干燥的时间长数千小时，甚至比生物的胸甲还要长。)”可知文章主要介绍了一种根据仿生一种水下生存的蜘蛛而新研发的可长时间保持干燥的防水胸甲。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。OvercomingFearofFailureHaveyoueverbeensoafraidoffailingatsomethingthatyoudecidednottotryatall?Orhasfearoffailuremeantthat,subconsciously,youundermined(削弱)yourowneffortstoavoidthepossibilityofalargerfailure?____16____It’simportanttorealizethatineverythingwedo,there’salwaysachancethatwe’llfail.Facingthatchanceandembracingitgiveusamorerewardinglife.Hereareafewwaystoreducethefearoffailing.Analyzeallpotentialoutcomes.____17____Removethatfearbyconsideringallofthepotentialoutcomesofyourdecision.Youcanmappossibleoutcomesvisually.Setsmallgoals.Imagininghowlifewillbeafteryou’vereachedyourgoalisagreatmotivatortokeepyoumovingforward.Sostartbysettingafewsmallgoals.____18____Don’tfocusontheendpicture.Justfocusonthenextstep.Takingonesmallstepatatimewillhelpbuildyourconfidence,keepyoumovingtowardsyourfinalgoal.Learntothinkmorepositively.Everycoinhastwosides.____19____Learntochangeyourthoughtsandfocusmoreonthebrightsideofthesituation,makingyoulikeyourself.Positivethinkingisanincrediblypowerfulwaytobuildself-confidence.____20____Insomecases,thetoughestsituationmaybegenuinelydisastrous(灾难性的)anditmaybeperfectlyreasonabletofearfailure.Inothercases,however,thisworstcasemayactuallynotbethatbad,andrecognizingthiscanhelp.A.Lookattheworse-casesituation.B.Itisuptoyoutodecidewhichonetolookat.C.Failingatsomethingcanhelpyoudiscoveryourtruestfriends.D.Manyofushaveprobablyexperiencedthisatonetimeoranother.E.Ifyouareafraidoffailure,youmightbeuncomfortablesettinggoals.F.Theseshouldbegoalsthatareslightly,butnotoverwhelmingly,challenging.G.Manypeopleexperiencefearoffailurebecausetheyfeartheunknown.【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.B20.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章就如何减少人们对失败的恐惧给了四个方法。【16题详析】上文“Haveyoueverbeensoafraidoffailingatsomethingthatyoudecidednottotryatall?Orhasfearoffailuremeantthat,subconsciously,youundermined(削弱)yourowneffortstoavoidthepossibilityofalargerfailure?(你有没有因为害怕某件事失败而决定根本不去尝试？还是对失败的恐惧意味着，在潜意识里，你破坏了自己为避免更大失败的可能性所做的努力)”讲述了人们害怕失败的现象和背后的心理因素，再结合下文“It’simportanttorealizethatineverythingwedo,there’salwaysachancethatwe’llfail.(重要的是要认识到，在我们所做的每件事中，总会有失败的机会)”，该空应该讲失败存在的普遍性，D选项“我们中的许多人可能曾经经历过这种情况。”切合语境，也可引出下文讲人总会有失败的时候。故选D项。【17题详析】由小标题“Analyzeallpotentialoutcomes.(分析所有潜在结果。)”可知本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——分析事情将产生的所有（好坏）结果，该空应该要分析人们害怕失败的原因，G选项“许多人害怕失败是因为他们害怕未知。”是对段落标题的阐释。故选G项。【18题详析】由小标题“Setsmallgoals.(设定小目标。)”可知本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——设定小目标，再结合上文“Sostartbysettingafewsmallgoals.(所以，从设定几个小目标开始)”可知，该空应该讲具体如何设置小目标，F选项“这些目标应该具有轻微的挑战性，但不是压倒性的挑战性。”对前句的小目标具体解释。故选F项。【19题详析】由小标题“Learntothinkmorepositively.(学会更积极地思考。)”可知本段主要讲减少人们对失败恐惧的方法之一——学会更积极地思考，再结合上文“Everycoinhastwosides.(凡事都有两面性。)”可知，该空应该讲积极思考事物两面性后应该怎么做，B选项“你来决定要看哪一面。”切合语境。故选B项。【20题详析】该空选取小标题，需总结下文。由下文“Insomecases,thetoughestsituationmaybegenuinelydisastrous(灾难性的)anditmaybeperfectlyreasonabletofearfailure.Inothercases,however,thisworstcasemayactuallynotbethatbad,andrecognizingthiscanhelp.(在某些情况下，最艰难的情况可能真的是灾难性的，害怕失败可能是完全合理的。然而，在其他情况下，这种最坏的情况实际上可能没有那么糟糕，认识到这一点会有所帮助。)”可知，本段在谈论最坏的情况，A选项“看看更糟糕的情况。”切合语境。故选A项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MikeVenywaswalkingtohistruckoneafternoonwhenhereceivedanemailfromacolleague____21____thatsomeinformationheneededforaprojectwasn’tavailable.Immediately,hebecame____22____andthoughtaboutagrowinglistofcomplains:acoworkerwho____23____him,peopleonthestreetwerelookingathimfunny,hisdadhadn’t____24____himallweek...Veny,whoworksinacompanythat____25____mentalwellness(心理健康),recalled,“Badfeelingsstormedfasterandfasteruntilthings____26____10,000times.”____27____,Venyhadaplanfordealingwiththese.He____28____inthemiddleofthestreettocollecthimselfandthengotintohis____29____.Hethoughtabouttheanswerstothree_____30_____:WhatdoIfeel?Anger,butalsosadnessatlosingworkandfearofwhetherIwouldgetthemotivationbygoingtothe_____31_____.WheredoIfeelit?Inmychestandstomach.WhatdoIneednow?Timetofeeltheemotionsratherthansuppress(压制)them.Next,hewenttothegym.Themusicwasloudandhebecamerelaxedwhilehe_____32_____.Whenhegothome,hedidyoga,whichhesayshelpshimletgoofhis_____33_____emotions.Inbedthatnight,Veny_____34_____hehadasmileonhisface.Hesaid,“IfeltlikeIwasin_____35_____again,likeIhadtakenmypowerback.”21.A.stating B.stressing C.proving D.learning22.A.excited B.regretful C.angry D.depressed23.A.thrilled B.annoyed C.qualified D.interested24.A.supported B.treated C.persuaded D.called25.A.provides B.produces C.discovers D.invents26.A.worsened B.cleared C.touched D.kept27.A.Unfortunately B.Frequently C.Luckily D.Relatively28.A.paused B.failed C.volunteered D.crashed29.A.car B.truck C.shop D.flat30.A.tests B.principles C.questions D.wonders31.A.cinema B.company C.office D.gym32.A.workedout B.actedout C.clearedout D.criedout33.A.interesting B.positive C.negative D.confusing34.A.determined B.realized C.ignored D.demanded35.A.effect B.fashion C.shape D.control【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.A27.C28.A29.B30.C31.D32.A33.C34.B35.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了MikeVeny用锻炼的方式放松心情化解了愤怒的情绪。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，MikeVeny正走向他的卡车，这时他收到了一位同事的电子邮件，说他需要的一些项目信息没有了。A.stating陈述，说明；B.stressing强调；C.proving证明；D.learning学习，得知。根据前文“hereceivedanemailfromacolleague”和后文“thatsomeinformationheneededforaprojectwasn’tavailable”可知，此处指邮件中说的内容。故选A项。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他立刻生气了，脑海中浮现出越来越多的抱怨：一个同事惹恼了他，街上的人都用奇怪的眼光看他，他爸爸一个星期都没给他打电话……。A.excited兴奋的；B.regretful遗憾的，后悔的；C.angry生气的；D.depressed沮丧的。根据前文“someinformationheneededforaprojectwasn’tavailable”和后文“agrowinglistofcomplaints”可知，他的重要信息丢失，所以生气了。故选C项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.thrilled使激动；B.annoyed使恼怒；C.qualified使具备资格；D.interested使感兴趣。根据常识和前文“agrowinglistofcomplaints”可知，他的抱怨中包括同事惹恼了他。故选B项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.supported支持；B.treated对待；C.persuaded说服；D.called打电话。根据常识和前文“agrowinglistofcomplaints”可知，他的抱怨中包括他爸爸长时间没有给他打电话。故选D项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Veny在一家提供心理健康服务的公司工作，她回忆说：“糟糕的情绪越来越快地袭来，直到情况恶化了一万倍。”A.provides提供；B.produces生产；C.discovers发现；D.invents发明。根据后文“mentalwellness”可知，这是一家提供心理健康的公司。故选A项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.worsened变得更糟；B.cleared清理；C.touched触摸；D.kept保持。根据前文“Badfeelingsstormedfasterandfaster”可知，情况变得更糟。故选A项。【27题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，Veny有一个处理这些问题的计划。A.Unfortunately不幸地；B.Frequently经常地；C.Luckily幸运地；D.Relatively相对地。根据后文“Venyhadaplanfordealingwiththese”可知，Veny有一个处理这些问题的计划，所以是幸运的。故选C项。