2019高考英语一轮复习课时作业15NelsonMandela－amodernhero

课时作业(五)必修1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroⅠ.阅读理解A(2018·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)Fromyoungkidstofitnesslovers,tothoselookingforalaugh,ortofamilieslookingforafreemovienight,AtlanticStationpreparessomedaysforthemtoenjoythisyear.TotSpot—EachTuesdaymorning,AtlanticStation'sCentralParktransformsintoeverychild'sdreamplayground!From10：00amtonoon,kidscanenjoygames,storytelling,toys,musicandsomeveryspecialthings.ThiseventbeginsonApril5andlaststhroughSeptember27.WellnessWednesday—EachWednesdayfrom6：30pmto7：30pm,AtlanticStation'sCentralParkbeestheperfectplacetofindquietnessofthemindandbodywhileinstructorsleadgueststhroughexercisesincludingyogaandmore.WellnessWednesdaywelesallagesandskilllevels.ThiseventbeginsonApril6andlaststhroughSeptember28.ImprovinthePark—WholeWorldTheatre,Atlanta'spremierimprovgroup,hasonceagainpartneredwithAtlanticStationtobringafamily­friendlynightofedytotheCentralParkonthefirstWednesdayofeachmonthuntilSeptember.Bringablanket,relaxunderthestarsandpreparetolaughuntilyourstomachhurts!Thehour­longshowbeginsat8：00pm.ThiseventoccursonApril5,May4,June1,July6andAugust3.MoviesintheCentralPark—EachThursdaynightatdusk,guestsareinvitedtobringchairs,blankets,to­gosnacksandpicnicstoAtlanticStation'sCentralPark.Alloutdoorscreeningsareavailable,weatherpermitting,sokeepyourfingerscrossedfornoTheWizardofOz­typestorms!Besuretoarriveearlytofindagoodseat.ThiseventstartsonMay19andoccurseveryThursdaythroughJuly28.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了大西洋站几个可以让人们放松自己、享受生活和获得乐趣的活动。1．Motherscantaketheirkidswholikelisteningtostoriesto________.A．TotSpotB．ImprovintheParkC．WellnessWednesdayD．MoviesintheCentralPark答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据文中第二段中的“From10：00amtonoon，kidscanenjoygames,storytelling,toys,musicandsomeveryspecialthings.”可知，从上午10点到中午，在幼儿休闲区(TotSpot)孩子们可以做游戏、讲故事、玩玩具、听音乐等，结合选项可知，想听故事的孩子们可以去参加TotSpot活动，故A项正确。2．WhencanyoudoyogawithaninstructorinAtlanticStation'sCentralPark?A．OneachTuesdayfrom6：30pmto7：30pminAugust.B．OneachTuesdaymorningfrom10：00amtonooninJuly.C．At8：00pmonApril5,May4,June1,July6andAugust3.D．OneachWednesdayat7：00pminJuneandJuly.答案与解析：D'考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“EachWednesdayfrom6：30pmto7：30pm，AtlanticStation'sCentralParkbeestheperfectplacetofindquietnessofthemindandbodywhileinstructorsleadgueststhroughexercisesincludingyogaandmore”和“Thiseventbegins...September28”可知，4月6日到9月28日3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．AtlanticStationsetsthedaysforgueststohavefun.B．TicketsforMoviesinCentralParkarehardtoget.C．MoviesintheCentralParkareshownonlyindoors.D．OnlyteenagersareweletojoininWellnessWednesday答案与解析：A'考查推理判断。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段可知，AtlanticStation为客人安排时间和活动来让他们玩得开心，故A项符合题意。B(2018·安徽合肥高三第二次教学质量检测)SusanBrownellAnthonywasaladyaheadofhertime.Shefoughtforwomen'srightslongbeforetheybecameapopularissue.SusanwasbornonFebruary15,1820,inAdams,Attheageof15,Susanbecameaschoolteacher.Shetaughtfor15years.Thenshebeganorganizingwomen'sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen.Shehelpedgainbettereducationalrightsforwomen.Shehelpedgivemarriedwomenpossessionoftheirearnings.AftertheCivilWar,Susanbecameveryinvolvedinthewomen'ssuffragemovement.Afteryearsoflecturing,writing,andappealingbySusanandotherwomen,somepartsoftheUnitedStateschangedtheirlawstogivewomentherighttovote.ThefirststatewasWyomingin1869.OtherareasandstatesgraduallyfollowedWyoming'sdecision.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheU．S.Constitutionwaschangedtogiveallwomenvotingrights.SusanBrownellAnthonydiedin1906attheageof86.ShewaselectedtotheHallofFameforGreatAmericansin1950.ShewasthefirstAmericanwomantohavealikeness(肖像)ofherfaceonacoin.Itwasthe1979SusanBrownellAnthonydollar.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖SusanBrownellAnthony。她努力为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。【难句分析】Thenshebeganorganizingwomen'sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen.(第三段第二句)分析：该句为主从复合句，句中thatwereimportanttowomen为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词causes。译文：随后她开始组织妇女群体加速实现对妇女来说重要的目标。4.WhatwasthesituationofAmericanwomenlikewhenSusanwasborn?A．Theyhadlowsocialstatus.B．Theycouldvoteaftergettingmarried.C．Theymanagedmoneyfortheirhusbands.D．Theywereresponsiblefordecision­making.答案与解析：A'考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Atthattime，womenhadfewrights.Theycouldnotownproperty.Moneyearnedbyamarriedwomanbelongedtoherhusband.Majordecisionsregardingchildrenweremadebythefathers.Womencouldnotvote.”可知，在那时，女性没有什么权利，地位是低下的，故A项正确。B、C和D项均与此表述不符。5.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Susan'steachingexperiences.B．Susan'seducationalbackground.C．Susan'seffortstoabolishslavery.D．Susan'sfightingforwomen'scauses.答案与解析：D'考查段落大意。通读第三段尤其是“Thenshebeganorganizingwomen'sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen.”可知，本段主要讲述SusanBrownellAnthony为争取女权而斗争的情况，故D项正确。A项仅为细节之一，无法概括该段大意；B项文中没有提及；根据第三段的“Thenshebeganorganizingwomen'sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen”可知，SusanBrownellAnthony为争取女权而斗争，而不是为废除奴隶制而斗争，故C项错误。6.Whatdoestheword“decision”inthefourthparagraphreferto?A．Promotingthesocialmovement.B．ChangingtheU．S.Constitution.C．Givingwomenvotingrights.D．Unitingotherareasandstates.答案与解析：C'考查词义猜测。根据第四段第二句中的“somepartsoftheUnitedStateschangedtheirlawstogivewomentherighttovote”可知，在SusanBrownellAnthony的努力下，美国一些地区修改了法律，给了妇女投票权；结合该段第三、四句“ThefirststatewasWyomingin1869.OtherareasandstatesgraduallyfollowedWyoming'sdecision”可以判断，画线词指代“给妇女投票权”这一决定，故C项正确。7.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．ThefirstAmericanwomantoinventcoinsB．Theproblemofwomen'srightsintheU．S.C．ThemostpopularwomenorganizationsD．Apioneerinfightingforwomen'srights答案与解析：D'考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖SusanBrownellAnthony。她为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。据此可知D项最适合作文章标题。C(2018·重庆重点中学协作体高考适应性考试)TheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)governmentannouncedithadelected60“ChiefHappinessOfficers”tostudyhappinessandhowtospreaditabroad.Currentlyranked28thoutofover150countriessurveyedintheUnitedNations'2016WorldHappinessReport,theUAEwantstositwithinthetopfiveby2021.“Weseektocreateasocietywhereourpeople'shappinessisprimary，”declaredtheUAE'sVicePresidentandPrimeMinister.Sincethenewministertookoffice,peopleworkinginthecivilservicehaveattendedaseriesofhappinessseminarstolearnmoreabouttheplan.DubaiPolicehasrenameditsmunityservicedepartmentthe“GeneralDepartmentformunityHappiness”andtheforceoftenadds#YourSecurityOurHappinesstotheirtweets(用推特发送的信息).Meanwhile,variousgovernmentagencieshavechangedthelanguageoftheircustomersurveystofindoutifpeopleare“happyratherthanjustsatisfied”withtheservices,andsomehaveinvestigatedsocialmediafollowerstoseeiftheirInstagramandFacebookpostsbringhappiness.MeikWiking,anindependentthinktankinDenmark,thecountrywhichtopstheUN'shappytable,thinksgovernmentscanandshouldplayaroleinpublichappiness.“Theaimofpublicpolicyshouldbetoimprovethequalityoflifeforpeople，”hesays.SoniaEdwards,whohaslivedintheUAEforoveradecade,says：“Ithinkit'sabitofapublicrelationsgimmicktobehonest.IthinkthegovernmentwantstobeseentobemakingthingsbetterthroughthisplanbutIdon'tknowhowmucheffectitwillreallyhave.”EdwardsinDubaiadds：“Therearealotofissuesherearoundjobinsecurity,workplacediscrimination,highrentsandexpensiveschoolfees,soifthoseweredealtwith,we'dallbehappier,butoverall,happinessisnotjustuptothegovernment,it'salsouptoindividualsandtheirownmindsets.”【文章大意】阿拉伯联合酋长国采取措施，致力于提升人们的幸福感，人们对此有不同的看法。8.WhatdoestheUAEgovernmentintendtodo?A．Createaperfectsociety.B．Buildahappiercountry.C．Promoteinternationaltrades.D．Showitsstatusintheworld.答案与解析：B'考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Currentlyranked28th...theUAEwantstositwithinthetopfiveby2021.‘Weseektocreateasocietywhereourpeople'shappinessisprimary’”可知，阿拉伯联合酋长国在2016年联合国发布的世界幸福报告中排在第28位，它想在2021年之前进入前五名，因此该国政府在采取措施，致力于提升人们的幸福感，即打造一个更幸福的国度。9.WhatisoneofthemeasurestheUAEtakes?A．Holdhappinessseminarsforcivilservants.B．Givegovernmentagenciesnewnames.C．Lookthroughpeople'sonlineposts.D．Changethedailylanguage.答案与解析：A'考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Sincethenewministertookoffice,peopleworkinginthecivilservicehaveattendedaseriesofhappinessseminarstolearnmoreabouttheplan.”可知，新总理上台之后，公务员参加了一系列有关幸福的研讨会以更多地了解这项计划，故选A。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gimmick”inParagraph4mean?A．Improvement.B．Principle.C．Transformation.D．Trick.答案与解析：D'考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的“it'sabitofapublicrelations...”和其后的“IthinkthegovernmentwantstobeseentobemakingthingsbetterthroughthisplanbutIdon'tknowhowmucheffectitwillreallyhave.”可知，SoniaEdwards认为政府此举意在通过这个计划让人们看到他们正在使事情变得更好，但她不知道这个计划究竟会有多大效果，故可以推断她认为此举是公共关系的花招，是在作秀。11.WhatmightMeikWikingandEdwardsbothagreewith?A．Thegovernmentmissesthepoint.B．Happinessissomewhatsubjective.C．Policymakerscountastopeople'swell­being.D．Theeffectsofthehappinessplanareuncertain.答案与解析：C'考查推理判断。由第三段中的“governmentscanandshouldplayaroleinpublichappiness‘Theaimofpublicpolicyshouldbetoimprovethequalityoflifeforpeople’”和最后一段中的Edwards所说的话尤其是“ifthoseweredealtwith,we'dallbehappier,butoverall,happinessisnotjustuptothegovernment”可知，他们可能都赞同的是，政策制定者在人们的幸福方面起着重要作用。D(2018·河北衡水中学模拟)Facingincreasingpressuretoraisestudents'scoresonstandardizedtests,schoolsareurgingkidstoworkharderbyofferingthemobviousencouragements.HappyMealsareatthelowendofthescale.Withthehelpofbusinesses,schoolsarealsogivingawaycars,iPods,seatstobasketballgames,and—inagrowingnumberofcases—cold,hardcash.Theappealofsuchprogramsisobvious,buttheconsequencesoftyinggradestogoodsarestilluncertain.It'sbeenamontraditioninmiddle­classfamiliestorewardtopgradeswithcashasawaytoteachthatsuccessinschoolleadstosuccessinlife.Butformanydisadvantagedminoritychildren,thelong­termbenefitsofgettinganeducationarenotsoclear,accordingtoexperts.Nooneknowsforsurehowwellcashandotherbig­ticketrewardsworkineducationinthelongrun.Butthereareplentyofconcernsthatthiskindofpracticecouldhavenegativeeffectsonkids.VirginiaShiller,aclinicalpsychologist,saysthatit'sworthexperimentingwithcashencouragementsbutthattyingthemtosuccessonatestisnotaworthwhilegoal.“I'dratherseerewardsbasedoneffortandresponsibility—thingsthatwillleadtosuccessinlife，”shesays.Evenifrewardsdon'tleadtoindividualachievementonatest,theycouldhaveameaningfuleffectintheschool.CharlesMcVean,abusinessmanandphilanthropist(慈善家),startedatutoringprogramwhichpayshigher­achievingstudents$10anhourtotutorstrugglingclassmatesanddividesthemintoteams.Duringthecourseoftheyear,studentsbondandpete.Theteampostingthehighestmathscoreswinsthetopcashprizeof$100.McVeancallsthebinationofpeer(同龄人)tutoring,petition，andcashencouragementsarecipefor“nothinglessthanmagic”．Foritspart,theSeminoleCountyPublicSchoolssysteminFloridaplanstocontinueitsreportcardencouragementprogramthroughtherestoftheschoolyear.ThelocalMcDonald'srestaurantshelpthepoordistrictbypayingthe$1,600costofprintingthereportcard.ReginaKlaers,thedistrictspokeswoman,saysmostparentsdon'tseembotheredbytheHappyMealsrewards.“Therearemanywayswetrytourgestudentstodowell,andsometimesit'sthroughthestomach,andsometimesit'stheprobabilityofstudentswinningacar，”shesays.“Onesizedoesn'tfitall.”【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了物质奖励对学生的成绩是否有促进作用。【长难句分析】It'sbeenamontraditioninmiddle­classfamiliestorewardtopgradeswithcashasawaytoteachthatsuccessinschoolleadstosuccessinlife.(第一段倒数第二句)分析：这是一个复合句。本句中It作形式主语，torewardtopgradeswithcash...inlife作真正的主语；that引导的宾语从句作teach的宾语。译文：给取得最高分的人现金奖励，作为教导他们在学校里的成功可以通向生活中的成功的一种方式，这已经成为中产家庭中的惯例。12.Accordingtothetext,itisamonpracticeforschoolsto________.A．offerfreemealstostudentswithhighscoresB．tiestudents'gradestomaterialrewardsC．educatestudentstoformabusinesssenseD．cooperatewithbusinesstoimproveteaching答案与解析：B'考查推理判断。【关键句】Withthehelpofbusinesses,schoolsarealsogivingawaycars,iPods,seatstobasketballgames,and—inagrowingnumberofcases—cold，hardcash.(第一段第三句)译文：在企业的帮助下，学校也在发放汽车、iPod和篮球赛的门票，发放现金的情况也在增加。根据关键句及下一句中的“tyinggradestogoods”可推断出，将学生的成绩与物质奖励联系起来已成了学校的一个惯例。故选B。13.Accordingtothetext,thelong­termresultsofgivingstudentscashasrewardsineducationare________.A．negativeB．optimisticC．uncertainD．disappointing答案与解析：C'考查细节理解。【关键句】Nooneknowsforsurehowwellcashandotherbig­ticketrewardsworkineducationinthelongrun.(第二段第一句)译文：没有人能肯定从长远来看现金和其他昂贵奖品会对教育产生怎样的作用。根据关键句可知，给学生现金作为奖励在教育中产生的长远结果还不确定。A项意为“消极的”；B项意为“乐观的”；C项意为“不确定的”；D项意为“令人失望的”。故选C。14．ThetutoringprogramrunbyCharlesMcVean________.A．hiressomeexcellentteacherstoteachthestrugglingstudentsB．hasameaningfuleffectininspiringstudents'enthusiasmonstudyC．isaprogrambiningtutoring,petitionandfuturejoboffersD．rewardsthestudentwiththehighestscoreswithcashprizeof$100答案与解析：B'考查推理判断。【关键句】Evenifrewardsdon'tleadtoindividualachievementonatest,theycouldhaveameaningfuleffectintheschool.(第三段第一句)译文：即使奖励对个人考试成绩没有作用，但它们会对学校产生一种重要的影响。根据关键句及其后面列举的CharlesMcVean的辅导项目可推知，本段用CharlesMcVean的辅导项目来说明奖励对激发学生的学习热情有重要影响。故选B。15．WecanlearnthatinSeminoleA．therearevariouswaystoinspirestudentstostudyhardB．manyparentsarenotsatisfiedwiththeHappyMealsrewardsC．thelocalMcDonald'srestaurantsprovidetherewardsforpoorstudentsD．peoplearesearchingforagood­for­allmethodtourgestudentstodowell答案与解析：A'考查细节理解。【关键句】Therearemanywayswetrytourgestudentstodowell,andsometimesit'sthroughthestomach,andsometimesit'stheprobabilityofstudentswinningacar...(最后一段倒数第二句)译文：我们尝试了许多方法来敦促学生努力学习，有时通过填饱他们的肚子，有时学生可能会赢得一辆汽车……根据关键句可知，SeminoleCounty有各种各样鼓励学生努力学习的方法。故选A。Ⅱ.七选五(2018·合肥市高三调研性检测)HowtoSetGoalsWhetheryouhavesmalldreamsorhighexpectations,settinggoalsallowsyoutoplanhowyouwanttomovethroughlife.Someachievementscantakealifetimetoattain,whileotherscanbepletedinaday.__1__•Determineyourlifegoals.Askyourselfsomeimportantquestionsaboutwhatyouwantforyourlife.Whatdoyouwanttoachievetoday,inayear,andinyourlifetime?Theanswerstothisquestioncanbeasgeneralas“Iwanttobehappy”or“Iwanttohelppeople”.__2__•Setspecificgoals.Bespecificandrealisticaboutwhatitist