2019高考英语一轮复习课时作业32Healthyeating

课时作业(十二)必修3Unit2HealthyeatingⅠ.阅读理解A(2018·银川检测)Crossingyourlegsisanextremelymonhabit;mostpeopledon'tevennoticethatthey'redoingitwhentheysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyourbloodpressuretopushthebloodbacktotheheart.Youwon'tfeelanyimmediateeffects,butrepeated,drawn­outincreasesinbloodpressurecancauselong­termhealthissues.So,planningtositforalongperiodoftime?Don'tkeepyourlegscrossed.“Crossingyourlegsatthekneecanalsocausepressureonthemajornerveinyourlegthatpassesjustbelowyourkneeandalongtheoutsideofyourleg，”explainsRichardGraves,amedicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle—whatweknowasthat“pins_and_needles”sensation.Whilethefeelingofdisfortmayonlylastaminuteortwo,repeatedlycrossingyourlegsuntiltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyourhealthinthelongrun.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们将一条腿放在另一条腿上(跷二郎腿)的习惯，这种行为会导致一些健康问题。【难句分析】Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.(第二段第二句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。两个that引导的都是表语从句，“makingit...tocirculate”为现在分词短语作结果状语。译文：这是因为腿部的血液要回流到心脏，就要与重力对抗，并且把一条腿放在另一条腿上会加剧这种对抗，这使得血液循环更难了。1．Whatcanwelearnaboutcrossingone'slegs?A．Itisaverybadsocialhabit，B．Itcandoharmtopeople'shealth.C．Itisusuallypracticeddeliberately.D．Itcanmakeothersfeelunfortable.答案与解析：B'考查细节理解。根据文章前三段内容可知，人们将一条腿放在另一条腿上(跷二郎腿)会使血压上升，给腿部和脚部的某些神经带来压力，引起健康问题。故选B项“它可能对人们的健康有害处”。2．Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscrossedcan________.A．affectyourbloodpressureB．resistgravityeffectivelyC．leadtoheartattackseasilyD．improvethefunctionoflegs答案与解析：A'考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.”可知，一项研究表明跷二郎腿会影响血压。故选A。3．Inthethirdparagraph“pinsandneedles”probablymeans________.A．beinghighlyflexibleB．beingalittletiredC．seriousmuscleinjuriesD．slightsharppains答案与解析：D'考查词义猜测。根据上文可知，将一条腿放到另一条腿上所产生的这种压力会使得脚部、腿部某些肌肉无知觉、麻痹。故选D项“轻微的刺痛”。4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Toparemonhabits.B．Toevaluatetheeffectsofanexperiment.C．Togivereaderssomeadvice.D．Tointroduceresearchmethods.答案与解析：C'考查写作意图。通读文章内容可知，文章介绍将一条腿放在另一条腿上所导致的健康问题，旨在建议读者不要跷二郎腿。故选C。B(2018·合肥市高三调研性检测)Theeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhealthhavelongbeenasubjectofconflictanduncertainty.Sincethe1980s,somehavespokenoutagainstcoffeeasit'sharmfultohealth,whileothershaveweledcoffeeforitssupposedbenefitstohealth.Accordingtoascientificreport,mildcoffeeconsumption,threetofivecupsperday,canbetakenasahealthydietarypattern,alongwithotherhealthfulbehavior.ThereportalsosaysthatcoffeeconsumptionhelpsreducetheriskofheartdiseaseanditprotectsagainstParkinson'sdisease.AccordingtoDr.DonaldHensrudofMayoClinic,highconsumptionofcoffeehashealthrisks.Dr.Hensrudmentionsthedangersofhighcoffeeconsumptionforpeoplewithacertainillnessthatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody.Somestudiessaidthatdrinkingtwoormorecupsofcoffeedailycanactuallyincreasetheriskofheartdiseaseinthesepeople.AccordingtoconclusionsfromarecentstudyledbyDr.GregoryMarcus,adoctorfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,dailymoderateconsumptionofcaffeine,lessthan4cups,isnotassociatedwiththeseissues.Untilthescientificmunityreachesageneralagreementontheeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhumanhealth,itwillbeuptotheindividualtodecidewhetherthebenefitsofdrinkingcoffeearegreaterthantherisks.Wheninformedofthesepossiblehealthbenefitsandharmofdrinkingcoffee,Harwood,ahighschoolstudentstated,“Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffee,forthemostpart,coffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人们对咖啡是否有益于身体健康的几种不同观点。【难句分析】Dr.Hensrudmentionsthedangersofhighcoffeeconsumptionforpeoplewithacertainillnessthatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中thatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词acertainillness。译文：Hensrud博士提到了对于患有某种疾病的人，大量饮用咖啡会有危害，(因为)这种病会减缓体内咖啡因的分解。5．Whatisthepeople'sattitudetowardstheeffectsofcoffeeonhealthaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Disapproving.B．Tolerant.C．Doubtful.D．Mixed.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Theeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhealthhavelongbeenasubjectofconflictanduncertainty.”可知，长期以来，饮用咖啡是否对健康有影响一直是有争议的、不确定的。D项意为“混合的，混杂的”，符合题意，故D项正确。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“moderate”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Personal.B．Slight.C．Reasonable.D．Heavy.答案与解析：C'考查词义猜测。根据该句中的“lessthan4cups”可知，饮用的咖啡不超过4杯；据此可以判断，该句是说，每天摄入适量的咖啡因对身体无害。据此可知，画线词意为“适度的”，故C项正确。7．WhatcanweinferaboutHarwood?A．He'llkeepondrinkingcoffee.B．Heloveshishighschoollife.C．Heoftenfallsasleepinclass.D．Hehassomehealthproblems.答案与解析：A'考查推理判断。根据文章最后两句“Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffee,forthemostpart，coffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake.”可知，Harwood认为，尽管喝咖啡可能会带来一些负面影响，但大多数情况下，喝咖啡对健康有好处；更不用说，他需要咖啡来保持清醒。据此可以推断，他将继续喝咖啡，故A项正确。8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyPeopleLoveCoffee?B．HowCoffeeAffectsHealth?C．TheCultureofCoffeeDrinkingD．TheNewFindingsofHeartDisease答案与解析：B'考查标题判断。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人们对咖啡是否有益于身体健康说法不一。有人认为适量饮用咖啡有益身体健康，有人却认为过量饮用咖啡会增加心脏病的发病率。据此可知，B项最适合作为本文的标题。Ⅱ.七选五(2018·云南省昆明市高三复习教学质量检测)HowtoMakeaChineseHotPotEatingaChinesehotpotisaverymonexperience.Peoplegatheraroundthepot,dippingtheirfood,waitingforittocook,mixingtheirownseasonings(调味品)andenjoyingeachother'spany.__1__Firstly，preparealargepotofsoup.Thereisnorightorwrongwaytoprepareasoup,sofeelfreetomakeyourown.Asimplesoupcanbemadebyboilingwaterwiththeadditionofmeatbonesorfishheadsandamixtureofherbs,seasoningsandvegetables.Then,cutavarietyofmeatsandfishintothinslices.__2__Chooseanyfoodthatyouenjoy.SomemonchoicesforaChinesehotpotincludethinpiecesofbeef,pork,lambandsoon.Youcanmakeyourhotpotusingthemoretraditionalmethodofusingthemeatsandseafoodthatarelocaltoyou.Meanwhile,select,washandpreparesomevegetables.__3__MushroomsofallkindsarealsomontoChinesehotpotpreparations.__4__Athome,asinglehotpotwouldworkwellupto8peopledependingonthesizeofthepot.Makesureeveryoneissittinginacircleandhaseasyaccesstoeverythingonthetable.Prepareaseparatesmalldishforeachguesttomixtheirseasonings.__5__A．Finally,arrangetheseatingreasonably.B．Nowestheturntoenjoyyourhotpot!C．Itwillguaranteethattheitemswillcookquicklyandfully.D．HerearesomeeasystepstomakeaChinesehotpotathome.E．Formorevariety，considerdumplings，ricecakesandtangyuan.F．Popularchoicesinclude：cabbage,pealeaves,wintermelonandtomato.G．Itusuallylastsacoupleofhoursbecauseyouarecookingandeatinginsmallparts.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。吃火锅在中国是常见的，本文介绍了做火锅的步骤。1．答案与解析：D'根据该空位置并结合本文标题“HowtoMakeaChineseHotPot”可知，空处承上启下，引出下文对如何做火锅的叙述，故D项与此处匹配。2．答案与解析：C'根据前一句中的“cutavarietyofmeatsandfishintothinslices”可知，要将各种肉和鱼切成薄片，据此可以判断，这样就能保证食物能很快煮熟，故C项正确。3．答案与解析：F'根据前一句“Meanwhile，select，washandpreparesomevegetables”可知，同时要选择、清洗并准备一些蔬菜，据此可以判断，空处列举常见的用于火锅的蔬菜，故F项正确。4．答案与解析：A'根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段主题句；根据第二、三段第一句中的“Firstly”、“Then”并结合该段内容可知，该段介绍做火锅的最后一步：合理安排好座位，故A项正确。5．答案与解析：B'根据空处所在的位置并结合语境可知，在火锅的各种准备工作完毕后，就应该开始享受了，故B项正确。Ⅲ.语法填空(2018·潍坊模拟)Allthepartsofthehumanbodyworktogether,althougheachonehasitsspecialparttodo.Thestomachmusthaveatime__1__(rest)betweenmeals.Theotherpartsofthebodyrequirerest,too.Thisthey__2__(usual)getwhileweareasleep.Wemustnotfailtogivethemenoughrest,ortheywillsoonget__3__(wear)outandgiveustrouble.Sometimes,whenpeoplearenotwell__4__tiredout,theyfindtheycannotsleepwell__5__night.Anumberoflittlethingscancontributetoagoodsleep.Ahotfootbath,__6__drawsthebloodawayfromthebrain,frequentlywillbefound__7__(benefit).Aglassofhotmilkorcocoa,__8__(take)justbeforegoingtobed,oftenwillhavethesameeffect.Ifthesleeplessnessisaresultofindigestion(消化不良),aplaindietwillrelieve.Sleepinguponahardbedwithoutanypillowsometimes__9__(produce)thedesiredeffect.Alwayshaveplentyoffreshairintheroom.Keepthemindfreefromthecaresoftheday.Nevertakeany__10__(sleep)tabletsexceptupontheadviceofaphysician,fortheyusuallycontaindrugsthatwillinjuretheheart.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类说明文。人体的各个器官都需要良好的休息。本文详细介