广东省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次阶段考试英语试题（解析版）

广东实验中学2023届高三第二次阶段考试英语本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分，共8页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内。2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案;不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该题涂黑。AMarathonisthesupremedisciplineoflong-distancerunning.Theyarenotonlyattractivefortopathletes,butalsoforhobbyrunners.Thechoiceofeventsisalmostendless.Nowwehaveputtogethersomemostbreathtakinglybeautifulonesthatyou’llbetempted(诱惑)torunholdingacamera.Ultra-trailAngkor,CambodiaThenewestofaseriesofAngkormarathons,thisendurancetestoffers32-km,64-kmand128-kmroutesaroundthefamoustemples,includingBayonandAngkorWat.Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevinesthatmemorablyhugsomeofthegreatbuildings.DodoTrail,MauritiusCrossingruggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfullofwildlife,althoughthefamousdodobirdremains,sadly,extinct.Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiverPeak,abeginner-friendlyMiniDodoTrail(10km)iseasier.GreatOceanRoadmarathon,AustraliaAnotherwell-knownsceniccoastaldrive,southernAustralia’sGreatOceanRoadstagesafootraceeveryMay.Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.Bewarned,however,thattheseriesofsteepslopesmakethisoneofthetoughestmarathons.BigFivemarathon,SouthAfricaMarathonmeetssafariattheprivatelyownedEntabeniGameReserveeveryJune.Thestarttimeisdependentontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers–Africanelephants,Capebuffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos–asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.1Whichmarathonissuitableforlessexperiencedrunners?A.Ultra-trailAngkor.BDodoTrail.C.GreatOceanRoadmarathon.D.BigFivemarathon.2.Whydoesthewritermention“neck-ache”inGreatOceanRoadmarathon?A.Tohighlightthewonderfulscenery.B.Topresentthedifficultyoftheevent.C.Toattractattentiontophysicalhealth.D.Towarnrunnersofdangerousanimals.3.Whatdothefourmarathonshaveincommon?A.Riskyandtiringroutes.B.Beautifulcoastalviews.C.Chancestoseewildanimals.D.Fixedtimeforannualevents.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了最美丽的、会让人忍不住带着相机跑的四个马拉松。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二个小标题下的“Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiverPeak,abeginner-friendlyMiniDodoTrail(10km)iseasier.”(虽然50公里的极限路线需要跨越828米高的BlackRiverPeak，但对初学者友好的MiniDodoTrail(10公里)是比较容易的。)可知，对于缺乏经验的跑步者而言，DodoTrail比较合适。故选B项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第三个小标题下的“Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.”(脖子疼可能是个问题：一个方向是风景优美的南海，另一个方向是美丽的森林，如果你幸运的话，还会有一两只考拉。)可知，沿途有很多优美的风景，作者以“脖子疼”这种幽默的口吻叙述，是为了突出美丽的风景。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一个小标题下的“Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevinesthatmemorablyhugsomeofthegreatbuildings.”(小心猴子，还有那些令人难忘的缠绕着一些伟大建筑的巨大藤蔓。)，第二个小标题下的“Crossingruggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfullofwildlife,althoughthefamousdodobirdremains,sadly,extinct.”(穿过崎岖的海岸线和热带森林，DodoTrail之路到处都是野生动物，尽管著名的渡渡鸟已经灭绝。)，第三个小标题下的“Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.”(脖子疼可能是个问题：一个方向是风景优美的南海，另一个方向是美丽的森林，如果你幸运的话，还会有一两只考拉。)”以及第四个小标题下的“Thestarttimeisdependentontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers–Africanelephants,Capebuffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos–asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.”(比赛的开始时间取决于“五大”成员(非洲象、非洲水牛、狮子、豹子和犀牛)在比赛日的地点，因为组织者试图确保能看到这些动物。)可知，这四个马拉松沿途都能看到野生动物。故选C项。BManypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccess,butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(适度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.InastudyledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversity,researchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.Highlevelsofknowledgecanmakepeopletooattachedtotraditionalwaysofviewingproblemsacrossfieldsthearts,sciences,andpolitics.Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformance,especiallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesn’tpaytobeaperfectionist.Howlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.“Peoplefromculturesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesareshockedbythethoughtofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputer”,saysArtMarkman,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Socialinteractionhasbeenshowntoliftmood(情绪)andgetpeoplethinkinginnewdirectionsandinwaysthatcouldhelpimproveanypost-luncheffort.Markmanalsopromotesoff-tasktime.“Partofbeingagoodthinkerisexperiencingthingsthatareseeminglyunrelatedtowhatyouareworkingonatthemomentbutgiveyoufreshideasaboutyourwork,”hesays.“Also,thereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigherlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.So,whenpeopledothingstoincreasetheirlifesatisfaction,theyalsomakethemselvesmoreeffectiveatwork.”4.WhatdoesEllenLanger’sstudyshow?A.Itisworthwhiletobeaperfectionist B.Translationmakespeopleknowledgeable.C.Simplerjobsrequiregreatercaution. D.Moderateeffortproducesthebestresult.5.Theunderlinedword“go-getter”inparagraph3referstosomeoneWho_______.A.isgoodathandlingpressure B.workshardtobecomesuccessfulC.ahasanaturaltalentforhisjob. D.getsonwellwithhisco-workers6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Agoodthinkerisabletoinspireotherpeople.B.Experienceunrelatedtoyourjobisuseless.C.Acheerfulmoodhelpsmakeacreativemind.D.Focusingonwhatyoudoraisesproductivity.7.Whatdoesthetextseemtoadvocate?A.Middle-of-the-roadworkhabits. B.Balancebetweenworkandfamily.C.Long-standingculturaltraditions. D.Harmonyintheworkenvironment.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Manypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccess,butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(适度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“InastudyledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversity,researchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.(在哈佛大学EllenLanger领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用EllenLanger的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，EllenLanger的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Also,thereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigherlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。)”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(适度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformance,especiallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesn’tpaytobeaperfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。CClotheswereonceuseduntiltheyfellapart.Nottoday.Inhigh-incomecountriesinparticular,clothingandfootwearareincreasinglyfrequentlybought,thrownawayandreplacedwithnewfashions,whicharethemselvessoonthrownawayandreplaced.Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironmentalimpact.‘Takewater.Thefashionindustry,oneoftheworld’slargestusersofwater,consumesanywherefrom20trillionto200trillionlitreseveryyear.‘Thentherearemicroplastics.Plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyester(聚酯纤维)andotherpolymer-basedtextiles,andmakeupbetween20%and35%ofthemicroplasticschokingtheoceans.Addedtothisarespecificchemicals,suchasthoseusedtomakefabricsstainresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuchascotton.Changeisbadlyneeded,butwillrequirethefashionindustrytoworkhardertoembracemoreofwhatisknownasthecirculareconomy.Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturingprocesses,especiallyrecycling.There’sabigroleforresearch--bothacademicandindustrial--inachievingtheseandotherambitions.Researcherscouldbeginbyhelpingtoprovidemoreaccurateestimatesofwateruse.Thereisalsoworktobedoneonimprovingandexpandingtextilesrecycling.Undoubtedly,usedtextilesgotolandfillinpartbecausetherearerelativelyfewsystemsthatcollect,recycleandreusematerials.Suchrecyclingrequiresthemanualseparationoffibres,aswellasbuttonsandzips.Differentfibresarenoteasytoidentifybyeye,andoverallsuchmanualprocessesaretime-consuming.Machineryisbeingdevelopedthatcanhelp.Technologiesalsoexisttorecycleusedfibreschemicallyandtocreatehigh-qualityfibresthatcanbereusedinclothing.Butthesearenowherenearthescaleneeded.Anotherchallengeforresearchersistoworkouthowtogetconsumersandmanufacturerstochangetheirbehaviour.Otherresearchquestionsincludefindingwaystoencouragepeopletopurchaselonglastinggoods;exploringhowtosatisfydesiresforsomethingnewwhilereducingenvironmentalimpact;andunderstandingwhycertainmeasurescanbesuccessfullyscaledupwhereasothersfail.8.Whydoestheauthormention“water”,“microplastics”and“chemicals”inParagraph2?A.Tolistexamples.B.Toproveapoint.C.Toprovideanidea.D.Togiveadefinition.9.Whichofthefollowinggoesagainsttheconceptof“circulareconomy”?A.Effortsaremadetolengthenthelifespanoftextiles.B.Worn-outclothesareusedasdishclothsandoilrags.C.High-qualityfibresarecreatedtobereusedinclothing.D.Fashionindustryisencouragedtoreleasenewlinesmoreoften.10.Whatistherightthingforthefashionindustryresearcherstodo?A.Tomakesurethatalloftheusedtextilesgotolandfill.B.Toseparatefibres,aswellasbuttonsandzipsmanually.C.Toimproveandexpandtextilerecyclingtoalargerextent.D.Toencourageconsumerstosatisfytheirdesiresforfashion.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Saynototheso-calledfastfashionB.AddressthechallengesforresearchersC.EmbracemoreofthecirculareconomyD.Cutfastfashion’senvironmentalimpact【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了所谓的“快时尚”潮流所带来的环境危害，以及研究人员为了避免环境危害所进行的努力措施。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironmentalimpact.(所谓的“快时尚”正在对环境产生惊人的影响)”和“Thefashionindustry,oneoftheworld’slargestusersofwater,consumesanywherefrom20trillionto200trillionlitreseveryyear.Thentherearemicroplastics.Plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyester(聚酯纤维)andotherpolymer-basedtextiles,andmakeupbetween20%and35%ofthemicroplasticschokingtheoceans.Addedtothisarespecificchemicals,suchasthoseusedtomakefabricsstainresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuchascotton.(时装业是世界上用水最多的行业之一，每年的用水量在20万亿到200万亿升之间。还有微塑料。当我们清洗聚酯纤维和其他基于聚合物的纺织品时，塑料纤维被释放出来，构成了阻塞海洋的20%到35%的微塑料。除此之外，还有一些特殊的化学物质，比如用来使织物耐污的化学物质，以及保护棉花等作物所需的农药)”可知，作者在第二段中提到“水”、“微塑料”和“化学品”的目的是为了证明一个观点，也就是“快时尚”正在对环境产生惊人的影响。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturingprocesses,especiallyrecycling.There’sabigroleforresearch--bothacademicandindustrial--inachievingtheseandotherambitions.(这将至少涉及两件事：重新专注于让物品耐用，从而鼓励重复使用；更迅速地扩大可持续生产工艺的技术，特别是回收利用。在实现这些和其他雄心方面，学术和工业研究都发挥着重要作用)”可知，与“循环经济”的概念相抵触的是鼓励时尚产业更频繁地发布新产品。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Researcherscouldbeginbyhelpingtoprovidemoreaccurateestimatesofwateruse.Thereisalsoworktobedoneonimprovingandexpandingtextilesrecycling.(研究人员可以从帮助提供更准确的用水量估算开始。在改善和扩大纺织品回收方面也有工作要做)”可知，时尚产业研究者应该做的正确的事情是在更大程度上改善和扩大纺织品回收利用。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironmentalimpact.(所谓的“快时尚”正在对环境产生惊人的影响)”和第三段的“Changeisbadlyneeded,butwillrequirethefashionindustrytoworkhardertoembracemoreofwhatisknownasthecirculareconomy.(变革是迫切需要的，但这需要时尚行业更加努力，更多地接受所谓的循环经济)”可知，文章讲述了所谓的“快时尚”对环境产生的影响，以及给我们提供的建议，以避免这种影响，因此最好的题目是D选项“Cutfastfashion’senvironmentalimpact(减少快时尚对环境的影响)”。故选D。DQuantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.12.RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A.sympathetic B.unconcerned C.doubtful D.excited13.WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A.Hisdominanceinphysics. B.Thecompetitioninthefield.C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum. D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open. B.Cool. C.Useful. D.Resistant.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.（随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A.sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B.unconcerned不关心的；C.doubtful怀疑的；D.excited激动的。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”（他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”（但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A.Open.开放的；易受损害的；B.Cool.酷的；C.Useful.有用的；D.Resistant.有抵抗力的。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.”（现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Resolving(解决)ConflictinFriendshipsConflictissurelyacommonprobleminlifeandfriendships.___16___That'sbecausethereisn'tenoughdepthtoguaranteeallthetroubleittakestosmoothoverthedisagreement.Unfortunately,evenwhenthefriendshipreachesadeeperlevel,conflictcontinuestohappenandcanbreakapartarelationship.Herearesomeresolutions.Resolveitthedayithappens.Onerulemyparentsfollowintheirmarriageisthattheydon'tgotobedangrywitheachother.Theyalwaysattempttoresolvethingsthedayithappenssothatinthemorning,it'safreshstartwithnopastgrudge(怨恨).I'vefoundIneedashortcooldownperiodsothatIdon'tactinanger.___17___Whateveryoudo,don'tletthingsridefortoolong.___18___Sometimesifyousitdownandtalkthingsover,youbegintoseewheretheotherpersoniscomingfrom.Realizethateveryonehasbeencreateddifferentlywithvarioustalents,abilities,andpersonalitytraits.Forexample,youmightbealeaderwhileyourfriendismoreofafollower.Youmaybefrustratedwithhimorherfornotbeingverydecisive.Yetitisimportanttounderstandthateachpersonisuniqueandneedstobeappreciated.Initiateresolution.___19___Evenwhenyouthinktheotherpersoniswrong，it'snotabadthingtosay"I'msorryifIoffendedyouinthatway."Ifyou'rehonestandgenuineindeliveringyourwords,there'sagoodchanceyourfriendwillrespondpositively.Mostimportantly,belovinginwhatyoudo.Trytofocusonpeacefullyresolvingthedisagreement.Itisnotamostpleasanttasktoresolveconflictinanyfriendship.___20___A.Don'texpecttoomuch.B.Trytoseetheotherperson'sperspective.C.Bethefirstpersoninafighttosaysorryforyourpart.D.Manyshallowfriendshipsendupbeingruinedafteranargument.E.Tosaysorrybravelywhenaconflictbreaksoutisabetterresolution.F.However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.G.Forsome,countingtoonehundredbeforesayinganythingmaybeanoption.【答案】16.D17.G18.B19.C20.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了冲突无疑是生活和友谊中常见的问题，我们要努力集中精力和平解决友谊中的冲突，比如在冲突发生的那一天就去解决，从对方的角度看问题，真诚地表达自己的观点并及时道歉等。【16题详解】根据下一句“That'sbecausethereisn'tenoughdepthtoguaranteeallthetroubleittakestosmoothoverthedisagreement(这是因为没有足够的深度来保证消除分歧所带来的所有麻烦)”可知，句中的“thereisn'tenoughdepth(没有足够的深度)”与D项中的“shallow(肤浅的)”对应，选项D.Manyshallowfriendshipsendupbeingruinedafteranargument.(许多肤浅的友谊在一次争吵后都被毁掉了。)”符合逻辑以及语境，下文的that指代选项提到这件事。故选D。【17题详解】根据前一句“I'vefoundIneedashortcooldownperiodsothatIdon'tactinanger(我发现我需要一个短暂的冷静期，这样我才不会生气)”可知，句中的“ashortcooldownperiod(一个短暂的冷静期)”与G项中的“countingtoonehundredbeforesayinganything(数到一百再说话)”对应，选项G.However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.(然而，对有些人来说，数到一百再说话可能是一种选择)符合逻辑以及语境，故选G。【18题详解】设空处为本段主旨句。根据下一句“Sometimesifyousitdownandtalkthingsover,youbegintoseewheretheotherpersoniscomingfrom.Realizethateveryonehasbeencreateddifferentlywithvarioustalents,abilities,andpersonalitytraits.(有时候，如果你坐下来好好谈一谈，你就会发现对方是从哪里来的.认识到每个人都有不同的天赋、能力和个性特征。)”可知,本段建议从他人的角度来看问题。B项Trytoseetheotherperson'sperspective.(试着从对方的角度看问。)可以作为主旨句，故选B。【19题详解】根据下一句“Evenwhenyouthinktheotherpersoniswrong,it'snotabadthingtosay"I'msorryifIoffendedyouinthatway.(即使你认为对方错了，说“如果我那样冒犯了你，我很抱歉”也不是坏事)”可知，句中的“I'msorry(我很抱歉)”与C项中的“saysorry(道歉)”对应，C项Bethefirstpersoninafighttosaysorryforyourpart.(在战斗中做第一个为你的角色道歉的人)内容相关，符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】根据前一句“Itisnotamostpleasanttasktoresolveconflictinanyfriendship(在任何友谊中解决冲突都不是一件令人愉快的事情)”，以及结合文章主旨“努力集中精力和平解决友谊中的冲突”，可知，句中的“notamostpleasanttask(不是一件令人愉快的事情)”与F项中的“itisworththeefforts(这是值得的努力)”形成对比，再次点明主旨，F项.However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.(然而，这是值得的努力，因为它导致了更深的友谊)衔接合理，符合语境以及文章主旨，故选F。第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)Beinggoodatsomethingandhavingapassionforitarenotenough.Success____21____fundamentallyonourviewofourselvesandofthe____22____inourlives.Whentwelve-year-oldJohnWilsonwalkedintohischemistryclassonarainydayin1931,hehadno____23____ofknowingthathislifewastochangecompletely.Theclassexperimentthatdaywasto____24____howheatingacontainerofwaterwouldbringairbubbling(冒泡)tothesurface.Somehow,thecontainertheteachergaveWilsontoheat____25____heldsomethingmorevolatile(易挥发的)thanwater.WhenWilsonheatedit,thecontainer____26____,leavingWilsonblindedinbotheyes.WhenWilsonreturnedhomefromhospitaltwomonthslater,hisparents____27____tofindawaytodealwiththecatastrophethathadhappenedtotheirlives.ButWilsondidnotregardtheaccidentas____28____.Helearnedbraille(盲文)quicklyandcontinuedhiseducationatWorcesterCollegefortheBlind.There,henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalsobecamea(n)____29____publicspeaker.Later,heworkedinAfrica,wheremanypeoplesufferedfrom____30____forlackofpropertreatment.Forhim,itwasonethingto____31____hisownfateofbeingblindandquiteanothertoallowsomethingtocontinuewhenitcouldbefixedsoeasily.Thismovedhimtoaction.AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthecommitmentWilsonmadetopreventingthe____32____.Wilsonreceivedseveralinternational____33____forhisgreatcontributions.Helosthissightbutfounda____34____.Heprovedthatit’snotwhathappenstousthat____35____ourlives—it’swhatwemakeofwhathappens.21.A.depends B.holds C.keeps D.reflects22.A.dilemmas B.accidents C.events D.steps23.A.way B.hope C.plan D.measure24.A.direct B.show C.advocate D.declare25.A.mistakenly B.casually C.amazingly D.clumsily26.A.erupted B.exploded C.emptied D.exposed27.A.deserved B.attempted C.cared D.agreed28.A.fantastic B.extraordinary C.impressive D.catastrophic29.A.accomplished B.crucial C.specific D.innocent30.A.deafness B.depression C.blindness D.speechlessness31.A.decide B.abandon C.control D.accept32.A.preventable B.potential C.spreadable D.influential33.A.scholarships B.rewards C.awards D.bonuses34.A.fortune B.recipe C.dream D.vision35.A.distinguishes B.determines C.claims D.limits【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.B25.A26.B27.B28.D29.A30.C31.D32.A33.C34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。约翰·威尔逊在实验中因出现事故而失明，但他没有被命运击倒，而是努力奋斗改变命运，最后取得成功。文章告诉我们，我们的生活不是取决于发生在我们身上的事情，而是取决于我们对发生的事情的态度。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和生活中事件的看法。A.depends取决于；B.holds拿；C.keeps保持；D.reflects反映。根据后文“fundamentallyonourviewofourselves”及空格后的介词on可知，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和生活中事件的看法。故选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和生活中事件的看法。A.dilemmas困境；B.accidents事故；C.events事件；D.steps步骤。根据句意并结合下文讲述的故事可知，可知此处意指对生活中的一些事情的看法。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1931年，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊在一个下雨天走进化学教室时，他还不知道他的生活将彻底改变。A.way方式；B.hope希望；C.plan计划；D.measure措施。根据下文“WhenWilsonheatedit,thecontainer____6____,leavingWilsonblindedinbotheyes.”可知，Wilson不知道一节普通的化学实验课会让他双目失明，改变了自己的人生。此处考查短语noway意为“不可能，绝不”。故选A项。24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是展示如何加热装有水的容器会使空气起泡到表面。A.direct指导；B.show展示；C.advocate提倡；D.declare宣布。根据后文“howheatingacontainerofwaterwouldbringairbubbling(冒泡)tothesurface.”可知，此处表示课堂实验是展示如何加热装有水的容器会使空气起泡到表面。故选B。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知为什么，老师给威尔逊加热的容器错误地装了比水更易挥发的东西。A.mistakenly错误地；B.casually随意地；C.amazingly令人惊奇地；D.clumsily笨拙地。根据前文“Theclassexperimentthatdaywasto____4____howheatingacontainerofwaterwouldbringairbubbling(冒泡)tothesurface.”可知，这个实验本来是加热水的，但是Wilson得到的是比水更容易挥发的物质，是老师的失误。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊加热它时，容器爆炸了，威尔逊双目失明。A.erupted喷发；B.exploded爆炸；C.emptied变空；D.exposed暴露。根据下文“leavingWilsonblind