上海卷05（含听力）-2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷（解析版）

上海卷05（含听力）1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。Ⅰ.ListeningComprehension2023届上海市奉贤区高三一模SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Themuseum. B.Theairport.C.Thehotel. D.Thecampus.【答案】B【原文】M:Excuseme,wherecanItransferforaflighttoSingapore?W:Thisway,please.Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?2.A.Hostandguest. B.Lawyerandclient.C.Guideandtourist. D.Doctorandpatient.【答案】D【原文】M:WhencanIgobacktomyschool?W:Isuggestyoushouldhaveagoodrestuntilyouhavenosymptomandyourtemperaturegoesbacktonormal.Q:What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?3.A.$5. B.$10. C.$15. D.$20.【答案】D【原文】M:Sowhathaveyouboughtfromthenewsupermarket?W:Aleave-inconditioner.Itwasarealbargain.Igotithalfprice,saving10dollars.Q:Whatistheoriginalpriceoftheconditioner?4.A.Shefeelsalittlebitdisappointed.B.Sheisthinkingofmovingtothesouth.C.ShewonderswheretheBrownsaregoing.D.ShehasfoundanewwaytocontacttheBrowns.【答案】A【原文】M:AreyoudisappointedthattheBrownsaremovingtothesouth?W:Insomeway,Iguess.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?5.A.TrytogetaridewithPete. B.TakeanairplanetoYellowstone.C.AskPeteabouthisgeologyclass. D.DrivehercartoYellowstone.【答案】A【原文】W:DoyouknowanyonewhoisdrivingtothegeologyfieldtripatYellowstoneNationalPark?M:Peteis.Ithinkhehasroomforanotherperson.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?6.A.Themanshouldexercisefirstafterhegetsup.B.Themancanexerciseformanytimesaday.C.Themanshouldfirstpreparehisbreakfast.D.Themancanexercisewhenhehastime.【答案】A【原文】M:Iwanttoexercisebutneverseemtohavetime.W:Whynotdoitthefirstthinginthemorning?Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggest?7.A.Hemaysellittotheownerofahotel.B.Hemayrentitoutforuseasahotel.C.Hemayredecorateitanduseitasahotel.D.Hemaytearitdownandbuildanewhotel.【答案】C【原文】W:WhatisMr.PetersongoingtodowithhisoldhouseonBostonRoad?Rentitorsellit?M:I’veheardheisconsideringturningitintoasmallhotel,whichisn’tabadidea,asit’snexttoatouristattraction.Q:WhatwillMr.Petersondowithhisoldhouse?8.A.Therearedifferentkindsoffolders.B.Thisdecisionrequirescarefulthought.C.Itdoesn’tmatterwhichfoldersheuses.D.Thecolorofthefoldersuggeststhecontent.【答案】C【原文】W:Idon’tknowwhichfoldertouse,whiteorbrown?M:Whatdifferencedoesitmake?It’sthecontentthatcounts.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?9.A.Annieshouldtrytoavoidgettingsick.B.HehasknownAnnie’sneighborformanyyears.C.Hehasheardofmanycomposersofclassicalmusic.D.Anniemightspendalotofmoneyonclassicalmusic.【答案】D【原文】W:Mynewneighbornextdoorisreallygreat.She’sgotafantasticcollectionofclassicalmusic.ImeandozensofcomposersI’veneverevenheardof.M:Justbecareful,Annie,ahobbylikethatcanbeinfectiousandexpensive.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?10.A.Shealsoneedsanewtennisracket.B.Shewantstoborrowsomemoney,too.C.Shedoesn’tthinkBrianwillrepaythemoney.D.Shecouldn’tgetBriantoplaytennis.【答案】C【原文】M:IfIcangetBriantopaybackmoneyIlenthimlastweek,Icouldgetthatnewtennisracket.W:Howdoyoupicturethat?IhopeyouhavebetterluckthanIdid.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。11.A.Peopleundergreatpressure.B.Peoplewaitingforoperations.C.Peopledealingwithcancer.D.Peoplewithmentaldisorder.12.A.Singingcancurepatientswithcancer.B.Thesingersfeltlessstressfulaftersinging.C.Thesingers’psychologicalactivitiesincreased.D.Singingwasbeneficialtorepairingcellgenes.13.A.Anewly-establishedsinginggroupinWales.B.Theconnectionbetweencancerandstressrelief.C.Analternativetotraditionalcancertreatments.D.Supportiveeffectsofsingingoncancersufferers.【答案】11.C12.B13.D【原文】Thisisn’tatypicalsingingpractice.Andit’snotheldinatraditionalpracticespace.Thesesingersarealldealingwithcancer,theirsortheirlovedone’s.RosieDow,wholeadsthesinginggroupsatTenovusCancerCareintheUKsaid,“Therearepeopleinourgroupswhoareundergoingtreatmentrightnow.Therearesomepeoplewhoarewaitingfortreatment.”Virtually,chorusmembershavesaidthatsingingloudlymakesthemfeelgood.ButDowandhercolleagueswantedtoseeifthatpsychologicaleffectmighttranslatetoabiologicaleffect.SotheyselectedfivesinginggroupsinWales—withatotalof193singers—andtooksamplesbothbeforeandafteranhourofsinging.Theyfoundthatsingershadsignificantlylowerlevelsofthestresshormoneaftersingingtogether,alongwithanincreaseinproteinscalledcellgenes—whichtheresearcherssaymightsuggestaboostinimmuneactivity.It’sstillnotclearwhetherthesebiochemicalchangestranslatetoanybetteroutcomeforpatients.Andsingingpracticeisinadditionto—notinsteadof—traditionaltreatments.Dowsaid,“Wewouldn’trecommenditasanalternativetosurgeryoranyoftheothertraditionalcancertreatments,butintermsofpeople’smentalhealth,thismightbeagoodcomplementtothetreatmentthatthey’rehaving.”(Nowlistenagain,please.)Question:Whoarethemembersinthissinginggroup?WhatdidDowandhercolleaguesfindintheirstudy?What’sthepassagemainlyabout?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。14.A.China. B.Egypt. C.Spain. D.Siberia.15.A.Avoidtheepidemic.B.Makeslavestougher.C.Serveassacrifices.D.Bethefoodforlambs.16.A.Thehistoryofgarliccultivation.B.Thedifferentwaysofcookinggarlic.C.Thecharacteristicsandusesofgarlic.D.Garlic’sextensiveimpactonourmodernlife.【答案】14.D15.A16.C【原文】Allaroundtheworld,forover4,000years,garlichasplayedmanyimportantrolesinourdailylives.Manycountriesgrowgarlictoday,likeChina,Egypt,Spain,etc.GarlicoriginatesfromthedesertregionofSiberia,wherethesummersaredryandhot.Inordertosurvive,thewildgarlicplanthadtoadapttothisharshclimate.Garlichadtogrowwhentherewasmoisture,inthespringandfall,anditalsohadtobeabletosurvivewithoutwaterfortheexceptionallydrysummerandwintermonths.Oncediscoveredbyhumans,itisnowonderthatgarlicquicklybecameimportantcropofalmosteverycivilizationintheworld.TheancientEgyptiansfedittoslavesbuildingthepyramidstoincreasetheirtoughness.InancientGreeceandRome,garlicwasclaimedtohavemoreusessuchastreatingdogbites.IntheMiddleAges,soldiersreturningtoEuropeafterfarawaybattlesweregenerallycreditedwithbringinggarlicbackwiththem,foritwasthoughttopreventtheepidemic.Garlicwassoprizedinceremonyandritual,andit’ssaidthatlambsofferedforsacrificeinChinawereseasonedwithgarlictomakethemmorepleasingtothegods.(Nowlistenagain,please.)Question:Wheredoesgarlicoriginallycomefrom?WhatcouldgarlicdoaccordingtoEuropeansintheMiddleAges?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。17.A.Theacceptablebehaviorsatthecinema.B.Thedifferencebetweencinemaandhome.C.Theremarkonthelatestfilms.D.Thetreatmentpeoplegetatthecinema.18.A.Comfortable. B.Unhealthy.C.Annoying. D.Tolerable.19.A.Sendingmessages.B.Makingphonecalls.C.Takingselfies.D.Doingmakeup.20.A.Totakeacomfortableseat.B.Toappreciatethefilmattentively.C.Tobehaveourselvesatthecinema.D.Tobringcleardigitalprojection.【答案】17.A18.C19.D20.C【原文】W:Thisis6MinuteEnglishfromBBC.I’mJessica.Hello,Neil.M:Hello,Jessica.W:Todaywearetalkingaboutsomethingwemustallhaveanopinionon—it’scinemamanners.Whatdoyouthinkitis?M:Ithinkitiswhatistherightwaytobehavewhenyougotoseeafilmatthecinema.W:Youmeanhowwebehavethereisdifferentfromhowwebehavewhenwe’rewatchingafilmathome.M:Yes,butsomepeopleseemtoforgetthat,don’tthey?Somepeopleeventreatthecinemaliketheirownhouses.W:Theyforgetotherpeoplearesittingaroundthem.Whatdoyouthinkisunbearable?M:Peopleeatingreallyannoysme—Ihatetherustleofsweetwrappersandthecrackleofacrisppacket.It’smessytoo.W:That’sreallydisturbing.Anythingelse?M:Anewlowwasreached,asthewomaninfrontofmegetsthephoneout...W:Standardthing,suchassendingmessagesthatkindofstuff.M:Butshethenhasanapponherphonewhichturnsherphoneintoamirror,OK.Andthenwithhercolleague’storchappontheirphone,sheproceedstodohermakeupduringthemovie!W:That,myfriend,isunbelievable!M:It’sbadmannersandIwonderwhysheevenbotheredgoingtothecinema.W:Oh,Idon’tthinkmobilephonesatthecinemaareagoodidea.M:WhenIgotoseeafilm,allIwantisacomfortableseatandtobeabletoseeandhearthefilm.Idon’twantdistractions!W:Yes,Ican’tagreewithyoumore.Toreallyappreciatethesurround-soundandcleardigitalprojectionyouneedawell-behavedaudience.(Nowlistenagain,please.)Questions:Whatiscinemamannersaccordingtotheman?Whatdoesthemanthinkofpeopleeatingatthecinema?Accordingtotheman,whatdoesthestrangerwomandoatthecinema?Whatdoesthewomanappealtoustodowhenseeingafilm?Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherblanks,fillineachblankwithoneproperword.Makesurethatyouranswersaregrammaticallycorrect.2023届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模Humanshavebeenlivingandworkingonthespacestationforover20years.Theirmealsarepackaged,thoughsometimesastronautsreceivefreshtreats___21___resupplymissions.Thelongerthatpackagedfoodisstored,themore___22___maylosenutrients.Astronautshavesuccessfullygrown10differentcropsonthespacestationsince2015andhadthechance___23___(taste)eachone.TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstchilipeppers___24___(raise)inspace.PlantHabitat-04wasoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratory___25___pepperstookmuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplantsthere.Aftergrowingforfourmonths,thepeppers___26___(harvest)onFriday.Whenthevegetableswerereadytoeat,theastronautsalsocompletedasensoryassessment.Theyratedtheflavor,color,appearance,andtasteoftheproducetosee___27___thelaborovertheirgreensprovedfruitfulasasupplementtoprepackagedspacefood.Freshgreens,likepeppers,provideagreatsourceofkeynutrients,whichareessentialtohumanbodies.Freshgreensalsohavepsychologicalbenefits.Theycanhelptokeepmorale(士气)andprovideasenseofnormalcy(正常)onmissions___28___alltheconditionsaredistinctivelydifferentfromtheearth.Freshgreensmakealong-durationmission___29___(bearable)byprovidingatasteofhome.Lookingtothefuture,theplantexperimentshavethepotentialtosignificantlyimpactthesustainabilityofspaceexploration.They____30____,oneday,provideafoodsourceforlong-termhabitationofMarsandotherplanets.【答案】21.from##through22.it23.totaste24.raised25.because##as##since##for26.wereharvested27.whether##if28.where29.morebearable30.can##may##could##might【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自2015年以来，宇航员已经在空间站成功种植了十种不同的作物，并有机会品尝每一种。周五，国际空间站为宇航员举办了一个派对，庆祝收获了第一批在太空种植的辣椒。21考查介词。句意：他们的食物是包装好的，尽管有时宇航员会从（通过）补给任务中获得新鲜的食物。表示“从……中”或“通过”应用介词from或through。故填from/through。22考查代词。句意：包装食品储存的时间越长，其营养损失就越大。此处指代上文packagedfood，应用代词it。故填it。23考查非谓语动词。句意：自2015年以来，宇航员已经在空间站成功种植了十种不同的作物，并有机会品尝每一种。名词chance后跟不定式作后置定语。故填totaste。24考查非谓语动词。句意：周五，国际空间站为宇航员举办了一个派对，庆祝收获了第一批在太空种植的辣椒。分析句子结构可知raise与逻辑主语thefirstchilipeppers构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表被动和完成。故填raised。25考查状语从句。句意：“植物栖息地-04”是轨道实验室中最复杂的植物实验之一，因为辣椒的生长时间比之前的实验植物长得多。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because/as/since/for。故填because/as/since/for。26考查时态语态。句意：经过四个月的生长，这些辣椒于周五收获。主语peppers与谓语harvest构成被动关系，且根据后文onFriday可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填wereharvested。27考查宾语从句。句意：当这些蔬菜可以吃的时候，宇航员还完成了一个感官评估。他们对这些蔬菜的味道、颜色、外观和味道进行打分，看看这些蔬菜作为预先包装的太空食品的补充是否有益。引导宾语从句，从句表示“是否”应用whether或if。故填whether/if。28考查定语从句。句意：它们可以帮助保持士气，并在所有条件与地球截然不同的任务中提供一种正常的感觉。定语从句修饰先行词missions，从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。29考查比较级。句意：新鲜的蔬菜提供了一种家的味道，使长期的任务更容易忍受。表示“更容易忍受”应用比较级，故填morebearable。10考查情态动词。句意：有一天，它们可以/可能为火星和其他行星的长期居住提供食物来源。后跟动词原形，结合句意表示“可能”、“可以”应用情态动词can/may/could/might。故填can/may/could/might。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.2023届上海市黄浦区高三下学期二模A.automaticallyB.coexistC.conceptD.discontinuedE.discouragedF.necessarilyG.optimismH.pricedI.profit-generatingJ.promotionalK.trashTooGoodToGoAroundthecountry,appsthatconnectcustomerstobusinesseswithleftoverfoodhavebeguntospread.The___31___issimple:Restaurantsandgrocerystoresthrowawayhugeamountsoffoodeveryday.Ratherthan___32___it,appslikeTooGoodToGoandFlashfoodhelpbusinessessellitatareducedprice.Theyclaimthatthebusinessesandbuyersarehelpingtheenvironmentbecausethefoodwouldotherwisebecomefoodwaste,abigcontributortoclimatechange.IntheUnitedStates,customersin12citiescanlookthroughrestaurantsandstoresonTooGoodToGo,thenreserve“surprisebags”thattypicallycostabout$4to$6andcontainfoodthatwouldhavebeen___33___atroughlythreetimesthatamount.Severalfoodwasteexpertsexpressed___34___thatthesetypesofappscouldhelplimittheamountofwastedfood.Andeventhoughcharitableorganizationsoftenredirectunwantedfoodfromrestaurantsandgrocerystorestofoodbanksandcommunitykitchens,there’sspaceforallofthesekindsofsolutionsto___35___.Onecomplicationisthat,accordingtointerviewswithseveralcompaniessellingonTooGoodToGo,atleastafewitemsforsaletherearen’t___36___whatbuyersmightthinkofas“foodwaste.”TheownerofaBaltimoredessertshopsaidsheconsideredtheappa(n)___37___tooltoreachnewcustomersbysellingwhatshecalled“littlesamples.”Abeercompanyownersaidheusedtheapptosell___38___products,butalsosoldnewflavorsthereinhopesofattractingnewcustomers.Mr.Crummie,theTooGoodToGodirector,saidtheapp___39___thistypeofbehavior.“Ifsomebodyispaying$5,theyshouldbereceiving$15worthoffood,”hesaid.“Soit’snota(n)___40___platform.”【答案】31.C32.K33.H34.G35.B36.F37.J38.D39.E40.I【解析】本文为一篇新闻报道。这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了有些手机应用程序可让顾客以低价程序买到要被浪费的食物。他们声称这么做可以避免食物浪费，保护环境。31考查名词。句意：这个概念很简单：餐馆和杂货店每天扔掉大量的食物。根据上文“Aroundthecountry,appsthatconnectcustomerstobusinesseswithleftoverfoodhavebeguntospread.(在全国各地，把顾客和有剩饭剩菜的商家联系起来的应用程序已经开始普及)”可知，那些app的宗旨是不浪费粮食，设空处应选名词concept，意为“概念，观念”，指代上句的leftoverfood的概念，作主语。符合语境。故选C项。32考查动词。句意：TooGoodToGo和Flashfood等应用程序不会将其丢弃，而是帮助企业以低价出售。根据上句“The1issimple:Restaurantsandgrocerystoresthrowawayhugeamountsoffoodeveryday.(这个概念很简单：餐馆和杂货店每天扔掉大量的食物。)”可知，在没有app之前，餐馆杂货店会把大量食物扔到垃圾桶，设空处应用动词trash，意为“丢弃，去除”，作Ratherthan的宾语。故选K项。33考查动词。句意：在美国，12个城市的顾客可以在TooGoodToGo上浏览餐馆和商店，然后预订通常价值4到6美元的“惊喜包”，里面的食物价格大约是这个价格的三倍。根据语境，设空处应用动词priced，意为“为……定价，标价”，为过去分词，与havebeen构成现在完成时的被动语态，作定语从句的谓语动词。故选H项。34考查名词。句意：一些食物浪费专家乐观地表示，这类应用程序有助于限制食物浪费。根据句中的“thatthesetypesofappscouldhelplimittheamountofwastedfood”可知，专家们对这类应用程序的作用意义很看好，设空处应选名词optimism，意为“乐观；乐观主义”，作expressed的宾语。故选G项。35考查动词。句意：尽管慈善组织经常将餐馆和杂货店不需要的食物转移到食品银行和社区厨房，但所有这些解决方案都有共存的空间。根据语境，设空处应用动词coexist，意为“同时存在，共存”，此处填其原形和to构成不定式结构，作space的定语。故选B项。36考查副词。句意：据对几家在TooGoodtoGo网站上销售的公司的采访，一个复杂的问题是，至少有几件商品并不一定是买家眼中的“食物垃圾”。此处考查短语notnecessarily，意为“未必，不一定”。故选F项。37考查形容词。句意：巴尔的摩一家甜品店的老板说，她认为这款应用程序是通过销售她所谓的“小样品”来吸引新客户的促销工具。设空处应用形容词promotional，意为“促销的，推广的”，promotionaltool意为“促销工具”，形容词修饰名词作定语。故选J项。38考查形容词。句意：一家啤酒公司的老板说，他使用该应用销售停产的产品，但也在那里销售新口味的产品，希望吸引新客户。此处考查短语discontinuedproducts，意为“停产的商品”，设空处应用形容词discontinued，作前置定语。故选D项。39考查动词。句意：TooGoodToGo的总监克拉米说，这款应用不鼓励这种行为。根据语境，设空处应选动词discouraged，意为“使打消念头，劝阻”，作宾语从句的谓语，为一般过去时。故选E项。40考查形容词短语。句意：所以这不是一个产生利润的平台。设空处在名词platform之前，应选形容词profit-generating，意为“营利的”，作定语。故选I项。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.2023届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模Afterfivelongyears,itappearsCalifornia’sdroughtisfinallybecominglesssevere.___41___arecentstringofstorms,morethanathirdofthestatehasnowwelcomedhealthyprecipitation(降水量),andCalifornia’ssnowpack—a(n)___42___sourceofwaterastheyearprogresses—hasreachednearlytwiceitsseasonalaverageinsomepartsoftheSierraNevada.That’sadramaticimprovementoverlastsummer,whenliterallyeveryinchofthestate___43___droughtconditions.It’salsowelcomenewsforCalifornians,whohavefacedaseriesofwater___44___sinceGovernorJerryBrowndeclaredastateofemergencyinearly2014.Farmershavebeenforcedtospendheavilytomaintainproduction.Thestate’swaterstruggles,___45___,arefarfromover.Forone,nobodyknowsforsurehowlongtheserainswilllast.Althoughrecentprecipitationhasbeen___46___—insomeplacesmorethan80inches—theaccuracyofstormforecastingremains___47___beyondaweek.Californiansknowthisalltoowell:lastyear,expertsprojecteda“Godzilla”ElNiñothatwouldbringrecordlevelsofprecipitation.Itnever___48___.“Willsixweeksfromnowbewet?”asksJeanineJones,California’sinterstatewater-resourcesmanager.“Theskillinthatkindofforecastingisjustnotthere.”___49___,astormslowdownisaveryrealpossibility—anditcouldleaveCaliforniawithoutenoughwatertomakeitthroughthedrysummer.____50____,whenthathappens,thestatehasturnedtogroundwaterstoredinnaturalrockformationsdeepbeneaththeearth’ssurface.Butthose____51____remainusedupafteryearsofdrought;restoringthemcouldtakeyearsinsomeplaces,saysJones.Thequickinrushofwaterhasalsocreateda(n)____52____balancingactforwatermanagers.Keepingsurfacereservoirs(水库)filledtotheedgeprotectsagainstthepossibilityofasuddendryspell,butitalso____53____theriskoffloodingifandwhenfuturestormshit.Tothatend,watermanagersopenedtheSacramentoWeirfloodgatesearlierthismonthtopourreservoirwaterintonearbyfieldsafter____54____showedlocalwaterlevelswouldlikelycontinuetorise.That’sacalculationthatwillbemadeacrossthestateinthecomingmonths.Fornow,though,Jonesisfocusedonplanningandensuringthestate’swatersupplywhatevermayhappen.“We’rehalfwaythroughourwettestseason,andconditionshavebeenencouraging,”shesays.“Iwouldsaywe’re____55____optimistic.”41.A.Accordingto B.Withrespectto C.Thanksto D.Inadditionto42.A.official B.exhaustible C.unexpected D.crucial43.A.experienced B.improved C.worsened D.investigated44.A.pollution B.restrictions C.pressure D.cycles45.A.nevertheless B.therefore C.meanwhile D.moreover46.A.accurate B.plentiful C.consistent D.emergent47.A.productive B.unchangeable C.progressive D.unreliable48.A.fellbehind B.brokedown C.cameabout D.tookoff49.A.Orelse B.Inotherwords C.Atthatpoint D.Aboveall50.A.Literally B.Contrarily C.Historically D.Consequently51.A.levels B.formations C.struggles D.reserves52.A.random B.delicate C.mechanical D.insensible53.A.heightens B.assumes C.minimizes D.identifies54.A.restorations B.calculations C.conditions D.projections55A.hopelessly B.extremely C.guardedly D.cheerfully【答案】41.C42.D43.A44.B45.A46.B47.D48.C49.B50.C51.D52.B53.A54.D55.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了加州今年干旱减轻的现状，以及一些新的担忧。41考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于最近的一系列风暴，该州超过三分之一的地区现在迎来了健康的降水量，随着时间的推移，加利福尼亚州的积雪——一个重要的水源——在内华达山脉的一些地区已经达到了季节平均水平的两倍左右。A.Accordingto根据；B.Withrespectto关于；C.Thanksto由于；D.Inadditionto除了。根据上文“Afterfivelongyears,itappearsCalifornia’sdroughtisfinallybecominglesssevere.(经过漫长的五年，加州的干旱似乎终于减轻了。)”可知，干旱得到缓解，而下文指出的就是缓解的原因。故选C项。42考查形容词辨析。句意：由于最近的一系列风暴，该州超过三分之一的地区现在迎来了健康的降水量,随着时间的推移，加利福尼亚州的积雪——一个重要的水源——在内华达山脉的一些地区已经达到了季节平均水平的两倍左右。A.official官方的；B.exhaustible用得尽的；C.unexpected未料想的；D.crucial至关重要的。根据本句“snowpack(积雪)”可知，积雪是重要水源。故选D项。43考查动词词义辨析。句意：与去年夏天相比，这有了显著的改善，当时该州的每一寸土地都经历了干旱。A.experienced经历；B.improved提升；C.worsened恶化；D.investigated调查。根据本句搭配“everyinchofthestate(该州的每一寸土地)”和“droughtconditions(干旱状况)”可知，此处指的是这个州去年暑假到处都很干旱，即经历了干旱。故选A项。44考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对加州人来说也是个好消息，自2014年初州长杰里·布朗宣布进入紧急状态以来，他们面临着一系列的用水限制。A.pollution污染；B.restrictions限制；C.pressure压力；D.cycles循环。根据下文“Farmershavebeenforcedtospendheavilytomaintainproduction.(农民们被迫花费巨资来维持生产。)”可知，因为干旱，包括农民在内的加州人遭受了很多麻烦，这是因为政府限制用水。故选B项。45考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，该州的水资源斗争远未结束。A.nevertheless然而；B.therefore因此；C.meanwhile同时；D.moreover而且。根据上文“That’sadramaticimprovementoverlastsummer,whenliterallyeveryinchofthestateexperienceddroughtconditions.(与去年夏天相比，这有了显著的改善，当时该州的每一寸土地都经历了干旱。)”可知，上文指出情况有好转，但本段接着却说斗争未结束，这是一个不好的现象，即前后文存在转折关系。故选A项。46考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管最近一些地方的降雨量超过80英寸，但风暴预报的准确性在一周后仍然不可靠。A.accurate精准的；B.plentiful丰富的；C.consistent连贯的；D.emergent紧急的。根据本句破折号后的说明“insomeplacesmorethan80inches(一些地方的降雨量超过80英寸)”可知，降雨量充足。故选B项。47考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管最近一些地方的降雨量超过80英寸，但对一周以后的风暴预报的准确性仍然不可靠。A.productive多产的；B.unchangeable无法改变的；C.progressive进步的；D.unreliable靠不住的。根据下文“Theskillinthatkindofforecastingisjustnotthere.(这种预测的技巧尚未存在)”可知，天气预测的技巧尚不成熟，可推测准确性不可靠。故选D项。48考查动词短语辨析。句意：这从来没有发生过。A.fellbehind落后；B.brokedown出故障；C.cameabout出现；D.tookoff腾飞。根据上文“Californiansknowthisalltoowell:lastyear,expertsprojecteda“Godzilla”ElNiñothatwouldbringrecordlevelsofprecipitation.(加州人非常清楚这一点：去年，专家预测“哥斯拉”厄尔尼诺现象将带来创纪录的降水量。)”可知，专家预测了降水；而下文“Theskillinthatkindofforecastingisjustnotthere.(这种预测的技巧尚未存在。)”可知，天气预测的技巧尚不成熟，因此专家的推测并不准确，其推测的创纪录的降水量并未出现。故选C项。49考查短语辨析。句意：换句话说，风暴减缓是一种非常现实的可能性，它可能会使加利福尼亚州没有足够的水来度过干燥的夏天。A.Orelse要不然；B.Inotherwords换言之；C.Atthatpoint就在那时；D.Aboveall总之。根据本句“astormslowdownisaveryrealpossibility—anditcouldleaveCaliforniawithoutenoughwatertomakeitthroughthedrysummer.(风暴减缓是一种非常现实的可能性，它可能会使加利福尼亚州没有足够的水来度过干燥的夏天。)”可知，此处延续上文，继续描述对降水量的推测，即是换一种方式说明上文提及的预测。故选B项。50考查副词词义辨析。句意：历史上，当这种情况发生时，该州转向储存在地表深处天然岩层中的地下水。A.Literally字面意思地；B.Contrarily反之；C.Historically在历史上；D.Consequently因此。根据本句“whenthathappens,thestatehasturnedtogroundwaterstoredinnaturalrockformationsdeepbeneaththeearth’ssurface(当这种情况发生时，该州转向储存在地表深处天然岩层中的地下水。)”可知，此句描述的是以前发生这种情况时的处理方法，即历史上的处理方法。故选C项。51考查名词词义辨析。句意：但经过多年的干旱，这些储备仍然耗尽；琼斯说，在某些地方，修复它们可能需要数年时间。A.levels水平；B.formations构成；C.struggles挣扎；D.reserves储备。根据上文“Historically,whenthathappens,thestatehasturnedtogroundwaterstoredinnaturalrockformationsdeepbeneaththeearth’ssurface.(历史上，当这种情况发生时，该州转向储存在地表深处天然岩层中的地下水。)”可知，以前发生干旱时，都会借助储存在地表深层的地下水，这是水储备的一种方式。故选D项。52考查形容词词义辨析。句意：水的快速涌入也为水资源管理者创造了一种易被破坏的平衡行为。A.random随机的；B.delicate易被破坏的；C.mechanical机械的；D.insensible无知觉的。根据下文“Keepingsurfacereservoirs(水库)filledtotheedgeprotectsagainstthepossibilityofasuddendryspell,butitalsoheightenstheriskoffloodingifandwhenfuturestormshit.(保持地表水库填充到边缘可以防止突然干旱的可能性，但如果未来风暴来袭，也会增加洪水的风险。)”可知，水的快速涌入很容易破坏平衡，同时可能造成干旱和洪水，即这种平衡很容易被破坏。故选B项。53考查动词词义辨析。句意：保持地表水库填充到边缘可以防止突然干旱的可能性，但如果未来风暴来袭，也会增加洪水的风险。A.heightens使变高，使加强；B.assumes认为；C.minimizes最小化；D.identifies认出。根据本句前半句“Keepingsurfacereservoirs(水库)filledtotheedgeprotectsagainstthepossibilityofasuddendryspell(保持地表水库填充到边缘可以防止突然干旱的可能性)”可知，这能防止干旱的可能性，但转折连词but说明下半句并列句与上文转折，即在提高防止干旱的可能性的同时也增加了洪水的可能性。故选A项。54考查名词词义辨析。句意：为此，在预测显示当地水位可能会继续上升后，水务管理人员于本月早些时候打开了萨克拉门托堰的闸门，将水库水倒入附近的田地。A.restorations恢复；B.calculations计算；C.conditions状况；D.projections预测。根据下文“That’sacalculationthatwillbemadeacrossthestateinthecomingmonths.(这是未来几个月将在全州范围内进行的计算。)”可知，此处提及的未来几个月将会进行计算就是一种预测。故选D项。55考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我想说，我们谨慎乐观。”A.hopelessly无望地；B.extremely极其；C.guardedly谨慎地；D.cheerfully开心地。根据上文“Fornow,though,Jonesisfocusedonplanningandensuringthestate’swatersupplywhatevermayhappen.(不过，目前，无论发生什么，琼斯专注于规划和确保该州的供水。)”可知，虽然目前状况令人鼓舞，但是琼斯表示还需专注于供水，故可知情况乐观但也需谨慎对待。故选C项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)2023届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模Lifeislikearollercoaster;everypointhasupsanddowns.Thetrulyvictoriouspeoplestaycommittedtotheirbroadgoalseveninunplannedcircumstances.Onetrueexampleofsuchpeoplecomesfromawomanpassionateaboutspreadinghappinessandhelpingothers.NicoleThornesisamother,aformerpoliceofficer,andnowservingsocietyasadeathdoula.Believingsmalleffortscouldcomfortindividualsandunitesociety,Nicolethoughtapoliceofficerhadtheopportunitytopreventcrime,bringjusticeandcreateabettersocietyforeveryone.Shewasdeterminedtobecomeapoliceofficertoprotectlifeandbringprosperity.AllherpassionandmotivationdrovehertopursueaCriminalJusticedegreetobecomeapoliceofficer.Althoughshebecameamotherduringherstudies,shedidn’tgiveuponherpassion.Nicolecouldhavecalledoffherstudies,butherpassionforservingsocietydidn’tletherstepdown.Shetookabreakfromherstudieswhenherkidsneededmoreattentionbutlatercamebacktocontinueherstudyandcompletedherdegree.Nicolefina