诸暨市牌头镇小电子教案Title

NATS101

IntrotoWeatherandClimate

Section34:08:00AMMWFILC150Dr.E.RobertKursinskiTA:TinaStallPleaseturnoffcellphones1Lecture1-Nats101WhoAmI?ProfessorDepartmentofAtmosphericScienceJointFacultyAppointment Dept.ofPlanetarySciencesWorkedformanyyearsatNASAJPLinSo.Cal.ResearchSpecialty RemoteSensing,Watercycle,PlanetaryatmospheresPh.D.inPlanetarySciences M.S.inElectricalEngineering B.S.inPhysics,MinorinMusicTheory2Lecture1-Nats101VitalStatisticsOfficeHours: Dr.KursinskibyAppointment PASBldg,Rm580 Ms.StallMonday&Wednesday11-noon PASBldg,Rm526andbyAppointmentRequiredText:EssentialsofMeteorology-AnInvitationtotheAtmosphere,4th&5thEd.byC.DonaldAhrensPictureLink

PublisherDownload,Save$RecommendedText:StudyGuideforEssentialsofMeteorology,4rdEd.byC.DonaldAhrensLinkRequiredMaterial:Thirty(30)4''x6''indexcards.3Lecture1-Nats101CourseDescriptionIntrotoscienceofprocessesweather&climatechange:atmosphericstructureandcomposition,energybalance,windsystems,cloudsandprecipitation,weatherfronts,cyclones,weatherforecasting,thunderstormsandlightning,hurricanes,monsoons,climateandglobalwarming,ozoneholeandairpollution4Lecture1-Nats101CourseDescriptionEmphasiswillbegiventophenomenathathavestrongimpactsonhumanactivities.Thefundamentalimportanceofphysics,chemistryandmathematicswillbenoted. AtmosphericScienceisabranchofAppliedPhysics5Lecture1-Nats101AttendancePolicyAttendanceismandatory,andwillbetalliedthroughouttheterm.Afterthreeunexcusedabsencespriortoweek9,IwillsubmittotheOfficeofCurriculumandRegistrationanadministrativedropfromthecourseandassignagradeinaccordancewithUApolicy./2006-07/policies/classatten.htm6Lecture1-Nats101StudentBehaviorUACodeofAcademicIntegrity,CodeofConductandStudentCodeofConductareenforcedinthiscourse.Everystudentisresponsibleforlearningthesecodesandabidingbythem.

/~studpubs/policies/ppmainpg.htmlStudentscansubmitcomplaintsonlineat

/~dos/uapolicies/7Lecture1-Nats101GradingPolicyFinalgradewillbebasedonscoresfromclosedbook/closednotesquizzesandfinalexam.Quizzeswillconsistofmultiplechoicequestionsandshortanswerquestions.Quizzeswillcovernewmaterialpresentedthroughtheendofthepreviouslectureday.Extracreditquestionsgivenonsomequizzes.Extracreditimpromptu“pop”quizzesgiven.8Lecture1-Nats101GradingPolicyTherewillbesevenquizzesduringtheterm.Datesforthequizzesare

listedonthehomepage.

Studentswhoarrivelateonquizdayswillbenotallowedtotakethequizafterthefirststudentturnsinher/hisquiz.

NoExceptionsThelowestscoreamongthesevenquizzeswillbeexcludedfromthecoursegrade.

Therefore,nomake-upquizzes.

9Lecture1-Nats101GradingPolicyIfyourfinalexamscoreexceedstheaverageofyour6bestquizzes,thequizzeswillcomprise60%ofyourtermgradeandthefinal40%. Otherwise,thequizzeswillcomprise75%ofyourtermgradeandthefinal25%.CARROT:Ifyouraverageis90%orhigheronall7quizzes,youwillearnanexemptionfromthefinalandwillreceivean"A''forthecourse.NoExtraCreditProjects. SoPlanAccordingly!

10Lecture1-Nats101FinalExaminationSection34(08:00amMWF):ILC150WednesdayDec.12,08:00am-10:00amThefinalwillconsistofapproximately60multiplechoicequestionsandshortanswerquestions.Anumberofquestionswillbetakenverbatimfromtheoldquizzes. 11Lecture1-Nats101CourseGradingCourseGradingScale

A 90%orhigher B 80.0-89.99% C 65.0-79.99% D 55.0-64.99% E <55.0%

12Lecture1-Nats101Expectations

Everystudentisexpectedto:Completealloftheassignedreadingbeforethelecture(unlessyouhearotherwise).Devoteaminimumof2hoursoutsideofclassstudying,reading,etc.foreveryhourofclassroomlecture.UnitCreditDefinition

Attendclassdaily,arriveontime,leavewhenclassisdismissed(courtesytopeerstudents).13Lecture1-Nats101TheGoldenRuleInstructorandstudentsallshow:MutualRespect!14Lecture1-Nats101LiteracyRequirements Althoughthewritingrequirementforthiscourseisnegligible,thereisascienceliteracyrequirement:Usescientificnotationforwritingnumbers (especiallyratherlargeorsmallones).Specifyunitsofphysicalquantities (e.g.metersforelevation,etc.).Attempttoquantifyphysicalrelationships.15Lecture1-Nats101Announcements16Lecture1-Nats101ClassFormat:

LectureDays

2-4minutes-Interestingweatherdiscussion2-3minutes-Review/Summary/Clean-up FromPriorLecture,Optional40-45minutes-NewMaterial Lecture,Demos,Discussion2-3minutes-Wrap-upandSummary17Lecture1-Nats101ClassFormat:

QuizDays

2-3minutes-Review/Summary/Clean-up FromPriorLecture,Optional5-10minutes-LastMinuteQuestions PassingOutQuizMaterials40minutes-Quiz18Lecture1-Nats101ClassLISTSERVNATS101-034@Useforanyquestions,comments,discussionsthataregeneralinteresttotheclass.kursinski@isreservedforpersonalrequestsnotofgeneralinterest.Tosubscribegoto/andclickthelink“Subscribetoalist”

/Subscribe.html Followstraightforwardinstructions19Lecture1-Nats101LISTSERV Youcansubscribebysendinganemailtolistserv@withthefollowingastheonlylineinthebodyofthemessage.

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20Lecture1-Nats101ImportanceofAtmosphereNecessaryforawidespectrumoffeatures Oceans Clouds,Rain,FreshWater ErosionbyWaterandWind Life,LifeonLand BlueSkies,RedSunsets,Twilight Sound21Lecture1-Nats101ImportanceofAtmospherePoint1-OffersProtection Considersurfacetemperatures

Withoutatmosphere? 0oFglobalaverage,largediurnalswings SimilartotheMoon’sClimate

Withatmosphere…

60oFglobalaverage,moderatediurnalswings

22Lecture1-Nats101ImportanceofAtmospherePoint2-OffersProtection ConsiderSurfaceRadiation

ShieldsagainstharmfulUVradiation

23Lecture1-Nats101ImportanceofAtmosphereConsiderSurvivalTime WithoutFood

fewweeks WithoutWater

fewdays WithoutAir

fewminutes24Lecture1-Nats101ToUnderstandtheAtmosphereExamineitsinterfaces withland/ocean withspace

SunSpaceEarthAtmosphere13,000kmIsaverythinskin99%below50km(31miles)50%below5.5km(3.4miles)AtmospherePictureEnergyFlowSolarInput=OutputtoSpace25Lecture1-Nats101NASAphotogalleryNote“thinness”ofatmosphereinlightblue26Lecture1-Nats101ExampleofOcean-AtmosphereCoupling:

ElNino-LaNina27Lecture1-Nats10128Lecture1-Nats10129Lecture1-Nats101LocalWeatherandClimate:

TheNorthAmericanMonsoon30Lecture1-Nats101JulyminusJune

RainfallDouglasetal(1993)31Lecture1-Nats101Local:RecentMonsoonRainfallRecordwaterflowthroughtheSabinoandRillitoCreeksonJuly31RillitoflowhigherthanColoradoriver!See/kkh/rillito.flood.jul.06.htm32Lecture1-Nats101CourseBuildingBlocksIntro1stweekorsoEnergy~2weeksMoisture~2weeksDynamics~3weeks AboveareinterdependentSpecificTopics

~6weeks

33Lecture1-Nats101AtmosphericComposition

PermanentGasesN2andO2aremostabundantgasesPercentagesholdconstantupto80kmAr,Ne,He,andXearechemicallyinertN2andO2arechemicallyactive,removed&returned

Ahrens,Table1.1,4thEd.34Lecture1-Nats101N2Boilingpoint:77°Kor-196°Cor–320°FO2Boilingpoint:90°Kor-183°Cor-297°FN2andO2Balancebetweeninput(production)andoutput(destruction):Input:plant/animaldecayingOutput:soilbacteria;oceanicplankton-->nutrientsInput:plantphotosynthesisOutput:organicmatterdecaychemicalcombination(oxidation)breathing

35Lecture1-Nats101AtmosphericComposition

ImportantTraceGasesAhrens,Table1.1,3rded.Whichoftheseisnowwrongeveninthe4theditionofAhrens?36Lecture1-Nats101Sourcesvegetativedecayvolcaniceruptionsanimalexhalationcombustionoffossilfuels

(CH4+2O2>2H2O+CO2)Sinksphotosynthesis(oxygenproduction)dissolvesinwaterphytoplanktonabsorption(limestoneformation)CarbonDioxideCO237Lecture1-Nats101CO2Trend“KeelingCurve”Somegasesvarybyseasonandovermanyyears.TheCO2trendisthecauseforconcernaboutglobalwarming. CO2increasesinnorthernspring,decreasesinnorthernfallSee/globalchange/keeling_curve/01.html38Lecture1-Nats101H2OVaporVariability

PrecipitableWater(mm)Somegasescanvaryspatiallyanddaily39Lecture1-Nats101Aerosols1cm3ofaircancontainasmanyas200,000non-gaseousparticles.dustdirt(soil)oceansprayvolcanicashwaterpollenpollutants40Lecture1-Nats101Aerosols-VolcanicAshFig.1-4,p.641Lecture1-Nats101Aerosols-DustParticlesDustStormonInterstate10,betweenPhoenixandTucson,AZ.42Lecture1-Nats101AerosolsProvidecondensationnucleiforwatervapor.Provideasurfaceareaorcatalystneededformuchatmosphericchemistry.Aerosolscandepletestratosphericozone.Theycanalsocooltheplanetbyreflectingsunlightbacktospace.43Lecture1-Nats101ReadingAssignmentAhrens

Pages1-22;425-426-427(AppendixA:Unitsetc.),431-432(AppendixC:We