《BIM建模》课件-章节3.1.2

《机械员》

“TheMechanic”《机械员》

“Mechanic”3.1.3铲运机3.1.3Scraper3.1.5土方施工机械的选择3.1.5Selectionofearthworkconstructionmachinery第三章常见建筑机械Chapter3CommonConstructionMachinery同学们，大家好，我是安徽水利水电职业技术学院的潘光翠老师。Helloeveryone,IamProfessorPanGuangcuifromAnhuiWaterResourcesandHydropowerVocationalandTechnicalCollege.现在我们将学习《机械员》的第三章常见建筑机械。Nowwewilllearnthethirdchapterof"Mechanic"oncommonconstructionmachinery.上节课我们学习到挖掘机和推土机的施工方法，这节课我们将继续往下介绍。Inthepreviouslesson,welearnedabouttheconstructionmethodsofexcavatorsandbulldozers,andinthislesson,wewillcontinuetointroducethemfurther.第三章常见建筑机械Chapter3CommonConstructionMachinery3.1.3铲运机3.1.3Scraper1.定义1.Definition自行式铲运机,行驶和作业都靠本身的动力设备,机动性强,行驶速度快,故得到广泛应用。Selfpropelledscrapersrelyontheirownpowerequipmentfordrivingandoperation,withstrongmaneuverabilityandfastdrivingspeed,makingthemwidelyused.铲运机是一种能独立完成铲土、运土、卸土、填筑和整平的土方机械。Ascraperisanearthmovingmachinerythatcanindependentlycompletethetasksofshoveling,transporting,unloading,filling,andleveling.第三章常见建筑机械Chapter3CommonConstructionMachinery3.1.3铲运机3.1.3Scraper2.适应范围2.Scopeofadaptation铲运机操纵简单灵活，对道路要求较低，能独立工作，行驶速度快，生产率高，适于开挖一至三类土，常用于坡度20°以内的大面积土方的场地平整、挖土、填筑、压实。Theoperationofascraperissimpleandflexible,withlowrequirementsforroads.Itcanworkindependently,hasfastdrivingspeed,andhighproductivity.ItissuitableforexcavatingClassItoIIIsoil,andiscommonlyusedforsiteleveling,excavation,filling,andcompactionoflargeareasofsoilwithaslopeoflessthan20°.第三章常见建筑机械Chapter3CommonConstructionMachinery3.施工方法3.Constructionmethods铲运机工作时包括铲土、运土、卸土和返回四个工作过程。铲土时，放下铲斗，打开斗门，向前开行,土被斗前刀片切削并进入铲斗内，直至铲斗装满。然后提起铲斗，关上斗门，进行运土。当到达卸土地点后，打开斗门，将土卸出，并调节卸土的位置，利用刀片刮平土层。卸土完毕，返回原铲土地点。Theoperationofascraperincludesfourworkingprocesses:shoveling,transporting,unloading,andreturning.Whenshovelingsoil,putdownthebucket,openthebucketdoor,anddriveforward.Thesoiliscutbythefrontbladeofthebucketandentersthebucketuntilthebucketisfull.Thenliftthebucket,closethebucketdoor,andcarryoutsoiltransportation.Afterarrivingattheunloadingsite,openthebucketdoor,unloadthesoil,adjusttheunloadingposition,anduseabladetoscrapethesoillayerflat.Afterunloading,returntotheoriginalshovellocation.3.施工方法3.Constructionmethods为提高生产率，应根据不同施工条件选择合理的开行路线和施工方法。Toimproveproductivity,reasonableconstructionroutesandmethodsshouldbeselectedbasedondifferentconstructionconditions.铲运机开行路线：环形路线、8字形路线、锯齿形路线。Theoperationrouteofthescraper:circularroute,zigzagroute,andzigzagroute.3.1.4装载机3.1.4Loader1.定义1.Definition装载机又称铲车,是一种广泛用于公路、铁路、建筑、水电、港口、矿山等建设工程的土石方施工机械。Loaders,alsoknownasforklifts,areatypeofearthworkconstructionmachinerywidelyusedinconstructionprojectssuchashighways,railways,buildings,hydropower,ports,andmines.3.1.4装载机3.1.4Loader2.分类2.Classification（1）按行走装置及结构分为：轮胎式和履带式两种。(1)Accordingtothewalkingdeviceandstructure,itcanbedividedintotwotypes:tiretypeandtracktype.3.1.4装载机3.1.4Loader2.分类2.Classification（2）按装载方式分有前卸式、后卸式和侧卸式三种。(2)Therearethreetypesofloadingmethods:frontunloading,rearunloading,andsideunloading.3.1.4装载机3.1.4Loader2.分类2.Classification（3）按回转性分有非回转式、全回转式和半回转式三种。(3)Accordingtorotatability,therearethreetypes:nonrotating,fullyrotating,andsemirotating.第三章常见建筑机械Chapter3CommonConstructionMachinery3.适应范围3.Scopeofadaptation3.1.4装载机3.1.4Loader装载机主要用于铲装土方、砂石、石灰、煤炭等散状物料，也可对矿石、硬土等进行轻度铲挖作业。Loadersaremainlyusedtoshovelandloadloosematerialssuchasearth,sand,lime,coal,etc.Theycanalsoperformlightexcavationoperationsonores,hardsoil,etc.第三章常见建筑机械Chapter3CommonConstructionMachinery3.适应范围3.Scopeofadaptation3.1.4装载机3.1.4Loader装载机主要用于铲装土方、砂石、石灰、煤炭等散状物料，也可对矿石、硬土等进行轻度铲挖作业。Loadersaremainlyusedtoshovelandloadloosematerialssuchasearth,sand,lime,coal,etc.Theycanalsoperformlightexcavationoperationsonores,hardsoil,etc.换装不同的辅助工作装置还可进行推土、起重和其他物料(如木材)的装卸作业。Replacingwithdifferentauxiliaryworkingdevicescanalsobeusedforsoilpushing,lifting,andloadingandunloadingofothermaterials(suchaswood).装载机具有作业速度快、效率高、机动性好、操纵轻便等优点。Loadershavetheadvantagesoffastoperationspeed,highefficiency,goodmaneuverability,andeasyoperation.第三章常见建筑机械Chapter3CommonConstructionMachinery4.施工方法4.Constructionmethods3.1.4装载机3.1.4Loader

装载机进行施工作业时需要与自卸车互相配合，故在施工中装载机的移动、卸料以及与车辆位置的配合好坏都对作业效率有很大影响，因此必须合理地组织施工。TheloaderneedstocooperatewiththeDumptruckduringconstruction,sothemovementandunloadingoftheloaderaswellasthecooperationwiththevehiclepositionduringconstructionhaveagreatimpactontheoperationefficiency,sotheconstructionmustbeorganizedreasonably.一般的组织原则是根据堆场的大小和料堆的情况，尽可能地使来回行驶距离短、转弯次数少。Thegeneralorganizationalprincipleistominimizethedistancetraveledbackandforthandthenumberofturnsasmuchaspossiblebasedonthesizeoftheyardandthesituationofthematerialpile.第三章常见建筑机械Chapter3CommonConstructionMachinery3.1.5土方施工机械的选择3.1.5Selectionofearthworkconstructionmachinery一般深度不大的大面积基坑开挖，宜采用推土机或装载机推土、装土，用自卸汽车运土；长度和宽度均较大的大面积土方一次开挖，可用铲运机铲土、运土、卸土、填筑作业；Forlarge-scaleexcavationoffoundationpitswithgenerallysmalldepths,itisadvisabletousebulldozersorloaderstopushandloadsoil,andusedumptruckstotransportsoil;Largeareaearthworkwithlargerlengthandwidthcanbeexcavatedinonego,andcanbeusedforshovel,transport,unloading,andfillingoperations;3.1.5土方施工机械的选择3.1.5Selectionofearthworkconstructionmachinery面积不大但较深的基坑，多采用铲斗容量为0.5m或1.0㎡的液压正铲挖土机，上层土也可用铲运机或推土机开挖；Forsmallbutdeepfoundationpits,hydraulicfrontshovelExcavatorwithabucketcapacityof0.5mor1.0m2areoftenused,andtheuppersoilcanalsobeexcavatedwithascraperorbulldozer;第三章常见建筑机械Chapter3CommonConstructionMachinery3.1.5土方施工机械的选择3.1.5Selectionofearthworkconstructionmachinery面积不大但较深的基坑，多采用铲斗容量为0.5m或1.0㎡的液压正铲挖土机，上层土也可用铲运机或推土机开挖；Forsmallbutdeepfoundationpits,hydraulicfrontshovelExcavatorwithabucketcapacityof0.5mor1.0m2areoftenused,andtheuppersoilcanalsobeexcavatedwithascraperorbulldozer;第三章常见建筑机械Chapter3CommonConstructionMachinery3.1.5土方施工机械的选择3.1.5Selectionofearthworkconstructionmachinery如操作面狭窄，且有地下水，土体湿度大，可采用液压反铲挖土机挖土，自卸汽车运土；在