主旨大意题 （分层练）（解析版）-2024年高考英语二轮复习（新高考专用）

专题验收评价

专题10主旨大意题

内容概览

A•常考题不丢分

【命题点01标题归纳题】

【命题点02文章大意题】

【命题点03段落大意题】

【微专题主旨大意题易错陷阱】

B•拓展培优拿高分

C-挑战真题争满分

A♦常考题不丢分、

JC命题点则L.标题归纳题JL

1.12023届浙江省四校（杭州二中、温州中学、绍兴一中、金华一中）高三5月联考】

Intheanimalkingdom,mimics（模仿）arenotrare.Stickinsectspretendtobetwigs.Hawkmothcaterpillars

resemblepoisonoussnakes.Theexamples,though,arevisual.Auditorymimicryisrarer.DaniloRussoofthe

UniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Some

bats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.

Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilartothesoundofsomebees.

Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtoscareoffwould-bepredators.

Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,with

protectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.Computer

analysisrevealedthatbees'andbats'buzzingwere,indeed,similar.

Thentheresearchersrecruitedseveralowls.Theyputtheowls,oneatatime,inanenclosurewithbranchesfor

themtostayon,andtwoboxeswithholesinthem.Theyplacedaloudspeakeralongsideoneoftheboxesand,after

thebirdshadsettledin,broadcastthroughitfivesecondsofuninterruptedbatbuzzingandasimilaramountof

insectbuzzingthreetimesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontrol,theybroadcastinlikemannerseveralnon-buzzing

soundsmadebybats.

Duringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesthereafter,theyvideoedtheowls.Afteranalysis,theresultswere

unequivocal.Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakers

astheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.

Dr.Russobelievesthisisthefirstreportedcaseofamammalusingauditorymimicrytoscareawayapredator.

Theystronglysuspect,however,thatitisnotunique.Anecdotessuggestseveralbirdsalsomakebuzzingnoises

whentheirnestsaredisturbed.Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryis

farmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.

35.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ANewTricktoScareAwayOwlsB.AnimalMimicry:Buzzoff

C.ASelf-protectionBehavioramongAnimalsD.Bats:NoMoreVictimtoOwls

【答案】35.B

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了DaniloRusso认为蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓走敌人,

为了验证这一想法，他进行了一系列实验。

35.主旨大意题。根据第一段"DaniloRussooftheUniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovel

caseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowls

thatmightotherwiseeatthem.（那不勒斯费德里科二世大学的DaniloRusso认为他发现了一个新的例子，他在

《当代生物学》中描述了这一点。他认为，有些蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂是为了吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头鹰）”

结合文章主要说明了DaniloRusso认为蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓走敌人，为了验证这一想法，他进行

了一系列实验。可知，B选项“动物模仿：让捕食者走开”最符合文章标题。故选B。

2.【山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测】

Perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.Strangeasitmayseem,ifyou're

unsatisfied,theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires-notthatyoucannotsatisfy

yourtastesbutthatyoudon'thaveenoughtastes.

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities（能力）toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealready

swamped（淹没）withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomany

rooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.

Yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion（豪宅）,aroyalpalace.Everynewtaste,everyadditionalinterest,every

freshenthusiasmaddsaroom.Hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave.

Artshouldbeadesireforyoutodevelopsimplybecausetheworldisfullofbeautifulthings.Ifyouonly

understoodhowtoenjoythemandfeedyourspiritonthem,theywouldmakeyouashappyastofindplentyof

hamburgersandeggswhenyou'rehungry.

Literature,classicliterature,isabeautiful,richlyfurnishedroomwhereyoumightfindmanyanhourofrestand

refreshment.Togainthatlovewouldgotowardmakingyouarichperson,forarichpersonisnotsomeonewhohas

alibrarybutwholikesalibrary.

MusiclikeMozart'sandBach'sshouldn'tbeabsent.Realrichesareofthespirit.Andwhenyou'vebroughtthat

spirituptowhereclassicalmusicfeedsitandmakesyoualittledrunk,youhaveincreasedyourthrillsandbettered

them.Andlifeisamatterofthrills.

Sports,withoutwhichyouremainpoor,meanalotinlife.Nomatterwhoyouare,youwouldbemorehuman,

andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays,ifyoucould,anddid,playedabit.

Whateverroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife,thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepadding.

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HouseofLifeB.SecretofWealth

C.RestandRefreshmentD.InterestandEnthusiasm

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了现实生活里很多人物质上非常丰富，住豪宅，享美

食。但是他们精神上却是贫穷的，要想得到内心的幸福，需要了解艺术，文学，音乐等等不同的内容来丰

富我们的内心世界。文章中多次提到“house”，把生活比喻为“一所房子”，要想幸福，必须在这所房子里填

满艺术、文学、音乐等精神上的东西。A项“HouseofLife”涵盖了这些内容。故选A项。

3.【安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考】

Well,topickupwhereweleftofflasttime.I'mcertainthatyouknowalltoowellthedangershidingonthe

WorldWideWeb.Andwhetherit'sforschoolwork,entertainment,orjustsocializingwithfriends,theInternetwill

surelybeamajorpartofyourchild'slife.So,ifsimportanttosecuretheironlinestays.

It,snottheeasiestthing,butkeepingopenlinesofcommunicationisprimary.Letthemknowtheycanshare

theironlineactivitieswithyou.Talktothemabouttheironlinepresenceasearlyaspossible,ideallybeforethey

begintouseemail,socialmedia,orasmartphone.Discusswhattheyfindinterestingonlineandlearningfromthem

aboutpopularwebsitesandapps;thiswillcreateunderstandingandallowyoutoidentifypotentialrisks.

Next,monitorwithoutspying.Mostkidslearntounderstandboundaries,likerespectingothers'personalspace,

ornotopeningthecookiejarwithoutasking.Internetuseisnodifferent.Ifshelpfulforkidstohavegroundrules

astowhichwebsitestheycanvisit,whichappstheycanuse,andwhattheycanshareonline.Remindthemthatif

theyfeeluneasywithanythingthatoccursonline,theyneedtoalertanadultimmediately.

Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhatIsHiddenontheNet?B.HowtoMakeOnlineStays?

C.BeaSmarterInternetUserD.KeepYourKidsSafeOnline

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“So,it'simportanttosecuretheironlinestays.（因此，确保他们在网上的安

全是很重要的）”及全文，文章主要提供了“如何保障孩子网上活动安全”的几条建议。由此可知，"KeepYour

KidsSafeOnline（保证你的孩子安全上网）”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。

4.【福建省泉州科技中学2023年高三试题】

Stuckinsidehisroomatanassistedlivingcenter,BobColemanknewhecouldnotgooutinpublicwiththe

epidemic（疫）.Buthewasnotcutofffromoutside:hesharedhisloveforcountrymusicovertheInternet."Hello,

everybody.IfsabrightdayinTennessee,hesaidintohismicrophone.t4ThisisBobColeman,comingtoyoufrom

Room3325...”.ThenColemanbegantoplaythemusicheloves-hitsfromcountrymusicstars.The88-year-old

carefullychooseseachsong.

ColemanandseveralotherretireeshaveturnedintoDJs（流行音乐播音员），foranewonlineradiohour

knownas“RadioRecliner.^^AmarketingcompanycalledLuckiecameupwiththeideaofRadioRecliner.Listeners

cansendsongrequestsinhonoroffamilyorfriends.Forexample,listenersmighthearamessagelikethis:"Hey,

Granny.ThisisyourfavoritegranddaughterAmy.Wejustwantedtocallinandsayweloveyou.^^The60-minute

showstartedwithretireesinmiddleTennessee.Ithassinceexpanded,withresidentsofassisted-livingcentersin

otherstatestakingpartintheproject.ManyjumpedatthechancetoworkasaDJtoeasethelonelinessofsocial

distancingrules.

MitchBennettservesasLuckie'schiefcreativeofficer.Hesaystheideawastoprovideasenseofcommunity

toolderpeople."Forthisgeneration,radiowastheoriginalsocialmedia,9,Bennettsaid,"'Dedicatingasongto

someoneyouloveandhavingthemhearitalongwitheveryoneelseisaspecialwayofconnecting.^^

InGeorgia,80-year-oldEdRosenblatt,whohadmadefullpreparationsforhisshow,saidanhourhespent

playingsongsonRadioReclinerresultedinafloodoftextmessages,emailsandcallsfromfamilyandfriends,and

manyofthemessageswerefrompeoplehehadnotheardfromforyears.

Whafsthebesttitleforthetext?

A.OlderAdultsNeedMoreCareDuringtheEpidemic

B.OlderAdults,StuckbytheEpidemic,TurnIntoDJs

C.OlderAdultsWereBusyWithMusicDuringtheEpidemic

D.OlderAdults,StuckbytheEpidemic,ShowMusicTalents

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述疫情期间老人们积极参与RadioRecliner成为音乐DJ,

通过分享自己喜欢的音乐来摆脱孤独，以及更多地与朋友和家人联系。故B项“受疫情困扰，老年人成为

DJ”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。

」全题点忠…文章大意题L

i.【陕西省渭南市高三教学质量检测一模】

Theearliesttomatoeswerelittlesourberries.Theygrewamonglowbushesindry,sunnyplacesintheAndes

MountainsinSouthAmerica.Itwasabout350millionyearsago.

Tomatoplantsarerelativetonightshade（茄属植物），whichhaspoison.Theleavesandstemsoftomatoplants

havepoison,buttheberriesaregoodtoeat.Theberriesareredsothatanimalscanfindthemeasilyandeatthem.

Theanimalscarrytheseedstootherplaces.Thatwashowearliesttomatoplantsfoundnewplacestogrow.

Tomatoesarealsorelativetotobacco,chilipeppersandpotatoes.

WhenpeoplefirstcametoSouthAmericaabout20,000yearsago,theyatethesetinywildtomatoes.Travelers

broughtafewkindsofwildtomatoplantsfromtheAndestoCentralAmerica,theretheancestorsoftheMaya

begantofarmthem.Nobodyknowsexactlywhenpeoplebeganfarmingtomatoes,butitprobablywasmuchlater

thancomandbeans,anditwassurelybefore500BC.TheseCentralAmericanfannersbredtomatoestobebigger

andsweeterthanthewildones.

BythetimeSpanishexplorersgottoTenochtitlaninMexicoin1521AD,theAztecpeopleereeatingalotof

tomatoes,madeasauceofchopped（朵！J碎的）tomatoes,onions,saltandchilipeppersthatwasalotlikeoursalsa.

Theword“tomato“comesfromtheirNahuatlword“tomato”.

Becausetomatoesweren'tfarmeduntilprettylate,farmersfurthernorthhadnotyetbeenabletoadaptheir

growingseasontoworkinginNorthAmerica.Eventoday,it'sprettyhardtogetyourtomatoesripeinthenorthern

partsofNorthAmericabeforethegrowingseasonends.

15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Howtogrowtomatoes.

B.Thehistoryoftomatoes.

C.Whentogrowtomatoes.

D.Theplaceswheretomatoesgrow.

【答案】15.B

【解析】主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“Theearliesttomatoeswerelittlesourberries.（最早的西红

柿是小的酸浆果）“，第三段第一句"WhenpeoplefirstcametoSouthAmericaabout20,000yearsago,theyate

thesetinywildtomatoes.（大约2万年前，当人们第一次来到南美洲时，他们吃这些小小的野生番茄）”和第四

段第一句"BythetimeSpanishexplorersgottoTenochtitlaninMexicoin1521AD,theAztecpeopleereeatinga

lotoftomatoes（当西班牙探险家在1521年到达墨西哥的特诺奇蒂特兰时，阿兹特克人吃了很多西红柿）”和最

后一段“Becausetomatoesweren*tfarmeduntilprettylate,（因为西红柿是很晚才开始种植的）“可知，本文介绍了

西红柿的历史。故选B。

2.【吉林省长春市重点高中高三下学期第三次模拟】

Oneofthegreatestchallengesincaringforsuchintelligentanimalsaschimpanzees（猩猩）isprovidingthem

withenrichingexperiences.Everyday,thechimpanzeesatProjectChimpsreceivemorningandeveningfood-based

enrichmentdevices,butcaregiversarealwayslookingformorewaystokeepthechimpsmentallyengaged.With

79chimpanzees,eachwiththeirdistinctivepersonality,carestaffoftenfindthatdifferentchimpsreactdifferently

tonewenrichment.

Lastyear,webeganinvitingmusicianstoperformforchimpstoseewhattheymayrespond.Aviolin

performancereceivedquitetheresponse.Additionalmusicianswerelineduptovisitbutthecoronavirushas

stoppedtheactivities,whichwehopetoresumeinthenearfuture.

Thispastweek,webroughtanelectricpianoforthechimpstoinvestigate.Somechimps,liketwinsButtercup

andClarisse,wereimmediatelyinterestedandcouldnotwaittotapoutafewnotes.Others,likeEmma,weremore

interestedintryingtotakeitapart.

29-year-oldPrecioushasverylittletoleranceforthepiano.Shesatofftothesideforafewminutes,but

eventuallyshedecidedthatwasenough.Shecalledanendtotheenrichmentsessionbythrowingahandfulof

wasteatthepiano.Receivinghermessageloudandclear,weremovedthepiano.

Wecouldneverhaveguessedhow33-year-oldLukewouldreacttoit.Aswithmanyretiredlabchimpanzees,

Lukehassomeanxietyissues.Heseemsparticularlydistrustfulofanythingnew,includingpeople,food,and

enrichment.Butwhenwepresentedthechimpswiththepiano,Lukewasthefirsttoinvestigate.Wecouldnot

believeoureyes-thisusuallyanxiouschimpanzeebravelychosetoexploresomethingnew!

TousatProjectChimps,thisiswhatitisallabout:givingchimpanzeesthefreedomtochoose.Weare

honoredtobepartoftheirjourney.

11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Howcaregiverscarefortheretiredchimpanzees.

B.Whatcarestaffdotoenrichchimpanzees5dailylife.

C.Howchimpanzeesaretrainedthroughvariousenrichment.

D.WhatProjectChimpsdoestoobserveandstudywildchimps.

【答案】11.B

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段前两句"Oneofthegreatestchallengesincaringforsuchintelligentanimalsas

chimpanzees（猩猩）isprovidingthemwithenrichingexperiences.Everyday,thechimpanzeesatProjectChimps

receivemorningandeveningfood-basedenrichmentdevices,butcaregiversarealwayslookingformorewaysto

keepthechimpsmentallyengaged.（照顾像黑猩猩这样聪明的动物最大的挑战之一是为他们提供丰富的生活

体验。每天，“黑猩猩计划”的黑猩猩都会收到早晚的伴随食物一起的丰富体验，但护理人员总是在寻找更多

的方法让黑猩猩保持精神状态）”，以及最后一段“TousatProjectChimps,thisiswhatitisallabout:giving

chimpanzeesthefreedomtochoose.Wearehonoredtobepartoftheirjourney.（对于从事黑猩猩计戈的我们来说,

这就是它的全部意义：给予黑猩猩选择的自由。我们很荣幸能成为他们旅程的一部分）”可知，本文主要讲述

了参与“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员为了丰富黑猩猩的生活而采取的各种措施；选项B意为“护理人员如何丰富

黑猩猩的日常生活”，与原文相符。故选B项。

3.【福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题】

AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren'sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis（催眠）can

reducepainandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedto

performmedical-imagingimaging（医学影像）procedures.

“Duringtheexaminationchildrendon'tmove.Itworksperfectly.Ifsamazing,9,saidJohanneUEcuyer,a

medical-imagingtechnologistatthehospital.

TheprojectwasinspiredbyaFrenchteamfromRouenUniversityHospitalCentrewhereexaminationsare

doneunderhypnosisinsteadofgeneralanesthesia（麻醉）.

AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnologist-alsoahypnotist-wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinthe

medical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren'shospital.Inall,80examinationswereconductedfortheproject

betweenJanuaryandSeptember,2019,focusingontheimagingproceduresthatwouldcauseanxiety.

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Aneasywaytocommunicatewithpatients.

B.Thestandardmethodofconductinghypnosis.

C.Anintroductionofmedical-imagingtechnology.

D.Theuseofhypnosisinmedical-imagingprocedures.

【答案】D

【解析1主旨大意题。根据第一段“AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren'sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseof

medicalhypnosis（催眠）canreducepainandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductioninthe

amountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imagingimaging（医学影像）procedures.（蒙特利尔儿童医院的一

个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催

眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工。）”可知，全文主要讲述催眠技术在医学影像程序中的

应用。故选D。

4.12023年全国高三专练】

Inpreviousrecessions（经济衰退），billionaireswerehitalongwiththerestofus;ittookalmostthreeyearsfor

Forbes's400richestpeopletorecoverfromlossescausedin2008?sGreatRecession.Butinthecoronavirus

recessionof2020,mostbillionaireshavegottenricherthaneverbefore.

BillionairesincreasedtheirnewbillionsjustasmillionsofotherAmericansranintoterriblefinancialproblems.

Morethan20millionpeoplelosttheirjobsatthestartofthepandemic.Foodbanksacrossthecountryare

preparingforanothergreatincreaseindemand.WhyareAmericanbillionairesdoingsowellwhilesomanyother

Americanssuffer?Peoplemayfindpartofthereasonsfromthefollowingfact.Stocks（股票）areoverwhelmingly

ownedbythewealthy,andthestockmarkethasrecoveredfromitsearly-pandemicdepthsmuchmorequicklythan

otherpartsoftheeconomy.

Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthepassage?

A.FoodbanksarenotenoughintheUnitedStates.

B.Therichestkeptgettingrichereveninthepandemic.

C.Thestockmarketrecoveredbeforethepandemicstarted.

D.400richestpeoplerecoveredfromlossesinthepandemic.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句"Butinthecoronavirusrecessionof2020,mostbillionaireshave

gottenricherthaneverbefore."（但在2020年的冠状病毒衰退中，大多数亿万富翁比以往任何时候都更富有。）

可知，文章主要是讲最富有的人在疫情中也变得越来越富有。故选B。

【命题点03段落大意题】

1.【广东省珠海市第三中学2023年高三试题】

Inmytwenties,whenIwasalmostconstantlyinastateofanxiety,Ineverwentonholiday.Iwasscaredof

flying,scaredofmybossnoticinghowmuchnicerlifewaswithoutmeintheoffice.1thoughtnotgoingonholiday

mademeaharderworker,whenactuallyitjustmademeamoretiredone.Then,abosspulledmeasidetotellme

thathewasn'tgoingtothankmefornottakingmyholidays.Ithenbookedacheapbeachholidaywithafriend,and

wasgenuinelyamazedtofindIfeltmuchbetterforit.

Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Thebenefittheauthorobtainedfromtravelling.

B.Thesourceoftheauthor'sstressduringofficehours.

C.Thechangeoftheauthor'sattitudetotakingholidays.

D.Thereasonwhytheauthortriedtobeaharderworker.

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段内容“Inmytwenties,whenIwasalmostconstantlyinastateofanxiety,I

neverwentonholiday.Iwasscaredofflying,scaredofmybossnoticinghowmuchnicerlifewaswithoutmein

theoffice.Ithoughtnotgoingonholidaymademeaharderworker,whenactuallyitjustmademeamoretiredone.

Then,abosspulledmeasidetotellmethathewasn'tgoingtothankmefornottakingmyholidays.Ithenbooked

acheapbeachholidaywithafriend,andwasgenuinelyamazedtofindIfeltmuchbetterforit.（在我20多岁的时

候，当时我几乎总是处于焦虑的状态，我从来没有去度假。我害怕坐飞机，害怕老板注意到我不在办公室

生活会好得多。我原以为不去度假会让我更努力工作，但实际上不度假只会让我更累。然后，一位老板把

我拉到一边，告诉我他不会因为我不休假而感谢我。然后我和一个朋友订了一个便宜的海滩度假，我真的

很惊讶地发现我感觉好多了。）”可知，第四段主要讲述了作者对于度假的态度的改变。故选C。

2.【重庆市第八中学2023-2024学年高考适应性试题】

TheYurokpeoplehavelivedalongtheKlamathRiver,whichflowsfromtheCascadesinOregonsouthwest

throughNorthernCalifornia,forthousandsofyears,protectingtheregionandriverfromwhichthey-andothers

一drawsustenance（生计）.

Butasdevelopmentandpollutioncontinuetoreducethenumberoffishintheriverandthequantityand

qualityofitswaters,theYurokTribeislegalizing（合法化）thetribe?slongstandingcarebygrantingtheRightsof

PersonhoodtotheKlamath,thefirstriverinNorthAmericatohavesuchrightsdeclared.

Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Theprocessoflegalization.B.ThetraditionofYuroktribe.

C.Thereasonbehindthelegalization.D.TheimportanceoftheKlamathRiver.

【答案】c

（解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Butasdevelopmentandpollutioncontinuetoreducethenumberoffishinthe

riverandthequantityandqualityofitswaters,theYurokTribeislegalizing（合法化）thetribe'slongstandingcare

bygrantingtheRightsofPersonhoodtotheKlamath,thefirstriverinNorthAmericatohavesuchrights

declared」但是，随着开发和污染不断减少河中鱼类的数量，以及河水的数量和质量，尤洛克部落通过授予

克拉马斯河人格权利，将部落长期以来的照顾合法化，这是北美第一条宣布拥有这种权利的河流）”可知，随

着开发和污染的持续，尤洛克部落将部落长期以来的照顾合法化，由此可知，本段主要讲述了这一举措的

背景。故选C项。

3.1江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考】

Theterm“beergoggles“issaidtohavebeencoinedbymaleNorthAmericanuniversitystudentsinthe1980s.

Yetdespiteunconfirmedevidenceforthephenomenon,thelinkbetweenalcoholintoxication（醉酒）andphysical

attractionhasnotbeensystematicallystudied.

ProfBowdringoftheUniversityofPittsburghinvited18pairsofmalefriendsintothelaboratorytoratethe

attractivenessofmenandwomentheyviewedinphotosandvideos.Ononeoccasion,bothmenweregivenenough

cranberryjuicetoraisetheirbloodalcoholconcentrationtoabout0.08%-thelegallimitfordrivinginEngland一

andontheotheroccasion,theybothreceivedanon-alcoholicdrink.Afterprovidingattractivenessratingsforthe

photos,theywereaskedtoselectwhichoftheseindividualstheywouldmostliketointeractwithinafuture

experiment.

Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thecomparisonoftwoexperiments.

B.TheprocessofBowdring'sexperiment.

C.Theunderlyinglogicofbeergoggleseffect.

D.Themethodsofappreciatingattractiveness.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的"ProfBowdringoftheUniversityofPittsburghinvited18pairsofmale

friendsintothelaboratorytoratetheattractivenessofmenandwomentheyviewedinphotosandvideos.（匹兹堡

大学的鲍德林教授邀请了18对男性朋友进入实验室，让他们对照片和视频中男性和女性的吸引力进行打

分。）”可知，ProfBowdring让研究对象进入实验室开始进行研究，结合下文中介绍别让这些研究对象一部

分喝含有酒精的饮料和另一部分喝不含酒精的饮料，以及“Afterprovidingattractivenessratingsforthephotos,

theywereaskedtoselectwhichoftheseindividualstheywouldmostliketointeractwithinafutureexperiment.（在

提供了照片的吸引力评级后，他们被要求在这些人中选择他们在未来的实验中最愿意与之互动的人。）”可知,

给他们提供照片的吸引力评级后，让他们选择在未来实验中最愿意与之互动的人，综合以上信息可知，第

二段讲述的是研究的过程。故选B项。

JL微专题.主旨大意题易错陷阱JL

L【2023届浙江省四校（杭州二中、温州中学、绍兴一中、金华一中）高三5月联考】

Intheanimalkingdom,mimics（模仿）arenotrare.Stickinsectspretendtobetwigs.Hawkmothcaterpillars

resemblepoisonoussnakes.Theexamples,though,arevisual.Auditorymimicryisrarer.DaniloRussoofthe

UniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Some

bats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.

Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilartothesoundofsomebees.

Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtoscareoffwould-bepredators.

Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,with

protectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.Computer

analysisrevealedthatbees5andbats'buzzingwere,indeed,similar.

Thentheresearchersrecruitedseveralowls.Theyputtheowls,oneatatime,inanenclosurewithbranchesfor

themtostayon,andtwoboxeswithholesinthem.Theyplacedaloudspeakeralongsideoneoftheboxesand,after

thebirdshadsettledin,broadcastthroughitfivesecondsofuninterruptedbatbuzzingandasimilaramountof

insectbuzzingthreetimesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontrol,theybroadcastinlikemannerseveralnon-buzzing

soundsmadebybats.

Duringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesthereafter,theyvideoedtheowls.Afteranalysis,theresultswere

unequivocal.Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakers

astheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.

Dr.Russobelievesthisisthefirstreportedcaseofamammalusingauditorymimicrytoscareawayapredator.

Theystronglysuspect,however,thatitisnotunique.Anecdotessuggestseveralbirdsalsomakebuzzingnoises

whentheirnestsaredisturbed.Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryis

farmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.

35.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ANewTricktoScareAwayOwlsB.AnimalMimicry:Buzzoff

C.ASelf-protectionBehavioramongAnimalsD.Bats:NoMoreVictimtoOwls

【答案】35.B

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了DaniloRusso认为蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓走敌人,

为了验证这一想法，他进行了一系列实验。

35.主旨大意题。根据第一段"DaniloRussooftheUniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovel

caseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowls

thatmightotherwiseeatthem.（那不勒斯费德里科二世大学的DaniloRusso认为他发现了一个新的例子，他在

《当代生物学》中描述了这一点。他认为，有些蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂是为了吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头鹰）”

结合文章主要说明了DaniloRusso认为蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓走敌人，为了验证这一想法，他进行

了一系列实验。可知，B选项“动物模仿：让捕食者走开”最符合文章标题。故选B。

2.[2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】

Feelingahugfromeachotherviatheinternetmaybeapossibilityinthenearfuture.Aresearchteamledby

CityUniversityofHongKongrecentlydevelopedawireless,softe-skinthatcanbothdetectanddeliverthesense

oftouch,andformatouchnetworkallowingone-to-multiuserinteraction.Itoffersgreatpotentialforimprovingthe

distancetouchcommunication.

Whiletherearenumerousdevicesinthemarkettosimulate（模拟）thesenseoftouchinthevirtualworld,they

provideonlytouchsensingortouchresponse.Theuniquenessofthenovele-skinisthatitcanperformself-sensing

andtouchreproducingfunctionsonthesameinterface.

Thee-skinisa7cmxl0cm,4.2mm-thickdevicecontaining16flexibleactuators（马区动器）,amicrocontroller

unit,aBluetoothmodule,andotherelectronicsonaflexiblecircuitboard.Theactuatorservesasthecorepartof

thee-skin.Oncetheactuatorispressedandreleasedbyaforce,acurrentisproducedtoprovideelectricalsignals

thatareturnedintodigitalsignalsbyaconverter（转换器）andthensenttoanothere-skinviaBluetooth.Whenthe

signalsarereceived,acurrentiscausedtoreproducethetouchresponseonthereceiver'se-skinthrough

mechanicalvibration（振动）.Theprocesscanbereversedtodelivervibrationsfromthereceiver'