阅读七选五（知识梳理+考点训练+实战训练）原卷版-2024年高中英语学考考点归纳与测试

专题18阅读理解七选五

学业要求

1.掌握七选五命题规律

2.掌握段首句解题策略

3.掌握段中句解题策略并熟知逻辑关系词

4.掌握段位句解题策略

考点梳理

七选五是高考英语试卷阅读理解的第二节，一篇300字左右的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给

的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。《考试说明》对该题型的命题目的表述

是“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”。该题型主要测试考生的两

大能力：一;是把握整篇文章布局和结构能力，二是把握微观信息之间关联性的能力。

第一步：看位置§定类型

句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正

是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题

在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：

挖空位置逻辑关系具体解读

主旨句常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。

段首题

承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。

前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样

性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。

例证关系

常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：forexample,forinstance,in

fact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。

若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能表示转

折。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but,however,yet,

转折关系

段中题while/though/although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,

nevertheless（然而），still,incontrast/comparison,bycomparison等。

表示因果关系的标志词语有：so,therefore,thus,consequently(结

因果关系

果),asaresult(of),so/such...thatsothat…等。

若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是

递进关系个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too,also,besides,

further,furthermore,moreover,likewise,similarly,what'smore,

whafsworse,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...

butnotonly...butalso等。

并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有：and,first(ly),second(ly);first,

then/next;tobeginwith,some...othersforonething,foranother

thing;then/next,finally/last等。

段尾题总结句用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。

承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。

典例1...(2020全国卷D

AFewTipsforSelf-Acceptance

Weallwantit...toacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.36

Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.

•37Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyou

hopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyour

own;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.

ESetanintentionforself-acceptance.

F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.

G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?’'Don'tforgettoforgiveyourself5Butitcanrobyouof

yourself-confidenceifyoudon'tdoit.

D.Trytoseethingsfromyouroffender'sangle.

E.Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.

F.Tomakeyourangerdieaway,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.

G.Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.

［分析］设空在段中，先看前句E项中的信息forgivingthemselves与前句意义一致，并且选项E与后面

的句子之间用but连接，有转折的语气，因此构成了一种意义上的对比关系，尤其是but这个词，更加

突出了对比的意义，因此选项E符合这里的意义和结构。

［答案］E

典例2

Don'tforgettoforgiveyourself5Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon'tdoit.

D.Trytoseethingsfromyouroffender'sangle.

E.Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.

F.Tomakeyourangerdieaway,tryasimplestress-managementtechnique.

G.Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.

［分析］设空在段中，先看前句E项中的信息forgivingthemselves与前句意义一致，并且选项E与后面

的句子之间用but连接，有转折的语气，因此构成了一种意义上的对比关系，尤其是but这个词，更加

突出了对比的意义，因此选项E符合这里的意义和结构。

［答案］E

典例3...

（2020全国卷I）

•Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrength

beforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyou

gotoutofbedtoday.39

•Nowthatyou'velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowords

whyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon'tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.40Turnto

apageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?

A.Feelingupsetagain?

B.Wheredoyoustart?

C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.

D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.

［分析］本题设空在段尾，首先看前文。根据上文Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.You

haveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.（列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位。）

可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝。C项意思，没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的，对上文的

总结概括，符合文意。

［答案］C

第二步：由类型o定技法

1.主旨概括题

主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心

思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以

考查段落标题为主，设题位置一般在段首，有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考

查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主题句，一般会在首段设空。概括起来讲，命题人通常从两个方面设题：

①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；②段落标题。

解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式，即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意，然后浏览

选项，准确判定出与主旨大意匹配的选项。

典例4

•39Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedinthe

evening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouarevery

excited.

A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.

B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.

C・Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.

D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.

E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.

F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetobumcaloriesthroughouttheday.

G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!

［分析］设空位于段首，应为本段主题句。主题句一般是对上文或下文内容的总结，快速浏览本段，本

段提到sleptbetter,difficulttorelax,apeacefulsleep,依据这些关键词汇可概括本段说的是晨练比晚上锻炼更

能改善睡眠，因此选B。

［答案］B

2.语段过渡题

语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和

对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采

用位置判断法。

如果设空位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本

段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。

如果设空位于段中，重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性

得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。

如果设空位于段尾，在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时，可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅

读下一段开头几句，看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。

典例5

Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.They

requireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.

A.Whileallofthemareuseful

B.Whateveryou*relookingfor

C.Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolor

D.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe*remostfamiliarwith

E.Ifsnotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces

F.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime

G.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways

［分析］设空处在段中，所填句子应是过渡句。该空前一句主要内容是“mediumcolorchoices"，是G项

中“smallones”的升级。该空后一句介绍了两种方式的颜色选择，与G项中的“twomajorways”相呼应，故选

Go

［答案］G

3.细节线索题

细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经

常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。

1).词汇复现法

复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重

复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复

现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相

反的词。

典例6

38_.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoadd

visualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,

smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.

A.Whileallofthemareuseful

B.Whateveryou*relookingfor

C.Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolor

D.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe*remostfamiliarwith

E.It*snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces

F.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime

G.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways

［分析］解此题可运用词汇复现法，该空所在段最后一句中的"smallcolorchoices”是D项“Smallcolor

choices”的原词复现。故选D。

［答案］D

2).词汇同现法

词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般

来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。

典例7

Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.38Instead,wehada

pop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringall

thenecessitiesoflife.

A.Thistimetherewasnotent.

B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.

C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.

D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.

E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.

F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.

G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.

［分析］解此题可运用词汇同现法。该空前面的部分说明了作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，而空后则

说这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调，因此空处的论述应该是在“住宿”这一范畴内，几个选项中只有A项合

适。

［答案］A

3).代词线索法

英语文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的

指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。

典例8

Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportant

point.37，theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyou

needtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.

A.Whileallofthemareuseful

B.Whateveryou'relookingfor

C.Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolor

D.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwith

E.It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces

F.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime

G.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways

［分析］解此题可运用代词线索法。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques,且与A项中的allofthem

相呼应，代入A项“尽管它们都很有用“，符合语境，故选A。

［答案］A

4).逻辑关系线索法

一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之

间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种这样

的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻

辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面

理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。

典例9

IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhave

laughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortable

sleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36

Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer...

Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness...

...Wehavedonealotofitsince...

40(E)Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.!recommendthat

youfindyourwayinstyle.

A.Thistimetherewasnotent.

B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.

C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.

D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.

E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.

F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.

G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.

［分析］解此题可运用逻辑关系线索法。首句“如果三年前有人告诉我我会花大部分的周末时间去野营，

我将会开怀大笑”使用了虚拟语气，预示了后面的转折关系。接着讲述了作者过去对野营的看法。由下文可

知作者起初和后来对野营的态度不一样。D项表示“但是，从那时起我就学习了很多关于野营的知识”，

however与上文构成转折关系，因此是最佳选项。此题的关键是however这个逻辑关系词，承上启下，为下

文内容作铺垫。

［答案］D

典例10

•Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemories

Ourmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad*s

vegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthafsnotwhat*simportant.39-howbeinginthosegardens

madeusfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthe

gardensofyouryouth.40(G).Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyour

grown-upgarden.Havefun.

A.Knowwhyyougarden

B.Findagoodplaceforyourowngarden

C.Ifsourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters

D.It'sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowers

E.Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants

F.Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,too

G.Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave

［分析］解此题可运用逻辑关系线索法。空格前说“但那不是重要的事情”，由此可推测空格处会指出什

么才是重要的，前后为顺承逻辑关系，C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”符合题意。故选C项。

［答案］C

（2023年湖南省）Howtoimproveyoureyesight

Sinceweliveinaworldthatrequiresyoureyestostareatsmalltypeandimagesoncellphones,computers,

andtelevisions,ifsimportantthatyoutakestepstoimproveyoureyesight.

13

Eyesarelikeanyotherpartofthebody-theyneednutritiontofunctionwell.So,adiethighinfruitsand

vegetablesandlowinsugarandfattyfoodswillgoalongwayinmaintaininghealthyeyes.

Adjustthelighting

Keepyourroomsoftlylighted.Whenreading,trytokeepyourlightsourcelocatedbehindyouandkeepthe

lightdirectedonthepaperorthetaskyou'reworkingon.

14

Exercisingyoureyesdailywillhelpyoumaintainhealthyeyes.Plantoexerciseyoureyeswhenyouwakeup,

beforegoingtobed,orwhenyoureyesaretired.Makesureyourhandsarecleanandyourmindisrelaxedbefore

doingeye-protectingexercises.

Examineyoureyes

Seeyourdoctorsregularly,basedonage,healthandriskofeyeproblems.Ifyouhavenearsightednessor

farsightedness,youneedtreatmentassoonaspossible.

15

Sinceyouuseyoureyeseverywakingmoment,givethemlotsofrestandrelaxationbytakingbreaks

throughoutthedayandgettingenoughsleepeverynight.Alackofsleepwillweakenyourvisionhealth.

A."Feed"youreyes

B.Exerciseyoureyes

C.Limitcomputerusage

D.Restandrelaxyoureyes

（2022年福建省）Hereareintroductionstosomenewbooks.You'llenjoyfindingoutmorewiththem.

WeAreArtists

byKariHerben

Beinspiredbythelifeandworksof15fantasticwomenartistsfromaroundtheworld.Aswellaslotsof

informationabouteachartisfsworks,thisbookexplorestheimpacttheyhadontheartworld.

TheStoryofPaintings

byMickManningandBriaGranstrom

Twoaward-winningwritershavecreatedthisfunandeasy-to-readintroductiontoarthistory.Ittakesyouona

touroftheirpersonallyseclectedartgallery（画廊）.

PortraitofanArtist

byLucyBrownbridgeandEdithCaron

Findoutmoreaboutoneoftheworld'sbest-knownpainters,VincentVanGogh,andhisworks,like

Sunflowers.Thisillustratedbiography（传】己）ispartofaseriesthatincludesbooksaboutClaudeMonetand

GeorgiaO'Keeffe.

AHistoryofPicturesforChildren

byDaridHockneyandMartinGayford

MadeupofconversationsbetweenartistDavidHockneyandauthorMartinGayfbrd,thisillustratedbookwill

takeyouonafascinatingjourneythroughthestoryofart-fromtheearliestcave。同穴）paintingstoimagesmade

onphones.

1.Whatarethefourbooksmainlyabout?

A.Health.B.Art.C.Custom.D.Science.

2.Inwhichbookareonlywomenartistsintroduced?

A.WeAreArtists.

B.TheStoryafPaintings.

C.PortraitofanArtist.

D.AHistoryatPicturesforChildren.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordt4It,5refertointhesecondbook?

A.Award.B.Introduction.C.Tour.D.Gallery.

4.WhoistheauthorofPortraitofanArtist?

A.KariHerbent.

B.MickManningandBritaGranstrom.

C.LucyBrownbridgeandEdithCarron.

D.DavidHeckaeyandMartinGayford.

5.Whatismentionedinthelastbook?

A.Conversationsbetweentwochildren.

B.Anexcitingjourneyoftheartist.

C.Astoryabouttheauthor.

D.Ancientandmodemworksofart.

（2022年福建省）1feelitimportantforfamiliestohaveregularmealstogether.Oneofmybestchildhood

memorieswasdinnerwihmyparentsandtwosisters.Asaresult,lastyearIdecidedthattheentirefamilywould

havedinnertogetherthreedaysaweek.BecausemyhushandandIbothworkandourthreekidsarebusywith

schoolactivities,wecouldharllyhaveachancetogettogetherasafamily.Butwethoughtitpossibleforeveryone

tosetasidethreeeveningsaweekforasit-downdinner.

Firstwetriedsettingthreefixeddaysforourexperiment-Mondays,WednesdaysandFridays.Aftertrying

theplansomeweeks,almosteveryonewasunhappy.Thenmysonhadtheideaofhavingeveryoneposthisorher

schedulefortheweekonthefridgeeverySunday.Iwouldchoosethethreebestdays.

Forawhile,thekidscontinuedtoresist（抵触）theidea,sayingtheywouldratherspendthetimewiththeir

friendsorjoininginsportsorotheractivities.Butwithtimegoingon,theybegantoseetheseeveningstogether

positively.Wediscussedeachother'sproblems.Wemadevacationplans.Welaughedalot.Monthslater,anyone

whohadtomissafamilymealfeltregretful.

Weallnowfeelthatwe'vebeenabletobuildstrongerrelationshipswithinthefamilyandcommunicatebetter.

Theideaofhavingregularfamilymealstogether,whichseemeddifficultatfirst,hasbroughtaboutmanypositive

changesinourlives.

6.Whatmadethewriterdecidetohaveregularfamilymealstogether?

A.Hergoodchildhoodmemory.B.Herkids'needsforhelp.

CHerhusband'sadvice.D.Herson'sidea.

7.Howmanykidsdoesthewriterhave?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

8.Whendidthefamilymembersposttheirweeklyschedules?

A.OnMondays.B.OnWednesdays

C.OnFridays.D.OnSundays.

9.Howdidanyofthefamilymembersfeelwhenmissingameal?

A.Lonely.B.Happy.C.Sorry.D.Lucky.

10.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Tokeeppositive,talkmoreoften

B.Tostayhealthy,havemoresports

C.Thekidsthatareoftenbusy,feelhappy

D.Thefamilythateatstogether,staystogether

（2022年福建省）Itisimporantforyoutothinkaboutaplanfbryourgowth.11Don'twory.Allyou

needisjustarough（粗略的）one.Hereissomeadvicefbryou.

12Understandwhatyoulike,whatyouvalueandwhatyouwanttobe.Instudyingyourself,you

checkyourstrengthandweakness.Findoutwhatyouneedtopreparefbryourdreamjob.

Secondly,writedownyourplan.Whenwriting,youcantryusingMindMaps（」思维导图）.13And

youmayfindaproperwaytoworkoutyourplan.

Thirdly,gooveryourplanwithyourteachers,parentsorfriends.14.Thinkcarefullyabouttheir

adviceandmakesomechangestoyourplanifnecessary.Thenyoucangoonwithit.

Finally,workhardtorealizeyourdream.Forexample,ifyouwanttobeanEnglishteacher,youshouldlearn

morealoutEngishcultureandpracticeyourlisteningandspeakingfromnowon.15.

A.Firstly,studyyourself

B.Theymaygiveyousomeadvice

C.Youmayfinditdifficulttomaketheplannow

D.Itisagoodwaytohelpyoutothinkmoreclealy

E.Throughhardworkyoucanmakeyourdreamcometrue

（2022年广西）HowtoSleepBetteratNight

Asweallknow,agoodsleephelpsusrelaxanditalsomakesusenergeticagain.However,someofushave

troublewithsleepatnight.Lack（缺少）ofsleepcancauseillnesses.Howcanweimproveournighfs

sleep?16

•Takeexerciseduringtheday

17.Itcanreducestressandhelpusfeelmorerelaxed.Butdon'ttakeexerciserightbeforebedtimeas

exercisecanmakeustooexcitedtofallasleep.

•Don'tuseelectronicproductsbeforebedtime

Beforebedtime,someofushaveahabitofusingelectronicproductstosurftheInternet,listentomusicor

watchmovies.Ifsbadforourhealthtodotheseactivitiesbeforebedtime.18Expertssuggestweshould

stopusingelectronicproductsatleastanhourbeforewegotobed.

•19

Whenwesleepwithlightson,ourbrainwillthinkit'sstilldaytime.Itwilltakeuslongertimetofallasleep

andwewillrestless.Soit'swisetosleepwithlightsoff.

•Keepworriesaway

Someofushavedifficultyinfallingasleepbecauseofworries.Insteadoflyingawake,wecanwritedownthe

thingsthatmakeusworriedandmakealistofthingstodo.20

A.Don'tsleepwithlightson

B.Don'tmakeanynoiseatnight

C.Herearesometipstoimproveit

D.Takingexerciseisgoodforoursleep

E.Thereisnowaytosolvealltheseproblems

F.Inthiswaywecankeepworriesawayandsleepbetter

G.Theseactivitieswillkeepourbrainactiveandpreventsleep

（2022•江苏•房山高中高二学业考试）TheStoryofMusic

Howdidmusicbegin?Didourearlyancestorsfirststartbybeatingthingstogethertocreaterhythm,orusing

theirvoicestosing?Whattypesofinstrumentsdidtheyuse?1Theanswersshowthatthehistoryof

musicis,inmanyways,thehistoryofhumans.

So,whatismusic?

Thisisdifficulttoanswer,aseveryonehastheirownidea."Soundthatconveysemotion^^iswhatJeremy

MontaguoftheUniversityofOxfordandauthorofthearticledescribes.

2

Ifwetakesinging,thencontrollingpitch（音高）isimportant.Scientistshavestudiedtheskullsandjawsof

earlyapes,toseeiftheywereabletomakeasoundandcontrolpitch.Anotherimportantcomponentofmusicis

rhythm.Ourearlyancestorsmayhavecreatedrhythmicmusicbyclappingtheirhands.3

Manyoftheseinstrumentsarelikelytohavebeenmadefromsoftmaterialslikewood,andsohaven'tsurvived.

Whathavesurvivedarebonepipes.So,musicisold,andmayhavebeenwithusfromwhenhumansfirstevolved.

Butwhydiditariseandwhyhasitexisted?

Therearemanypossiblefunctionsofmusic.Oneisdancing.Anotherobviousreasonformusicis

entertainment.4

However,themajorreasonwhymusicarisesandexistsmaybethatitbringspeopletogether.5He

concludes:"Ithasevenbeensuggestedthatmusic,incausingsuchbonding,creatednotonlythefamilybutsociety

itself,bringingindividualstogetherwhomightotherwisehavelivedalone."

A.Whendidourancestorsbeginmakingmusic?

B.Musiccanexpresscertainemotionthatyoucanfeel.

C.Thismaybelinkedtotheearliestmusicalinstruments.

D•Ourancestorscreatedmusicbybeatingstonesorsticksbyaccident.

E.Hasmusicalwaysbeenimportantinhumansociety,andifso,why?

F.Musiccanalsobeusedforcommunication,oftenoverlargedistances.

G.”Musicleadstobonding,suchasbondingbetweenmotherandchildorbondingbetweengroups,9,explains

Montagu.

（2022•黑龙江•高二学业考试）Manystudentsstudybyreadingtheirnotesandtextbooksoverandoveragain.

Butstudiesshowtherearemoreeffectivewaystohelpyoustudysmarter.

6Manystudentsknowwhattheyareexpectedtodo.Yetmanyoftenfailtoplanahead.Sotheyneed

firsttosetareachabletarget.Breakitintopiecesandmakethemhappenonebyone.Itmayseemstrangeatfirst.

Butaftertwoweeksormore,itbecomesanormalthing.

Don'tjustreread.7Rereadingislikelookingattheanswertoapuzzle,ratherthandoingit

yourself.Itlookslikeitmakessense.Butuntilyoutryityourself,youdon'treallyknowifyouunderstandit.

Findexamples.Abstractconceptscanbehardtounderstand.Ittendstobefareasiertoformamentalimageif

youhaveaconcreteexampleofsomething.8Onitsown,thatconceptmightbehardtoremember.Butif

youthinkaboutalemonorvinegar,itbecomeseasier!

Digdeeper.Ifshardtoremembercountlessfactsandfiguresifyoudon'tpushfurther.Askwhythingsarea

certainway.Howdidtheycomeabout?Whydotheymatter?Psychologistscallthiselaboration（深究）.It'staking

classmaterialandaskingmanyhowandwhyquestionsaboutit.9

Practicemore.Musicianspracticetheirinstruments.Athletespracticesportsskills.10Inastudy,

studentstookpracticetestsoverseveralweeks.Onthefinaltest,theyscoredmorethanafulllettergradebetter,on

average,thandidstudentswhostudiedthewaytheynormallyhad.

Asateen,CynthiaNebelstudiedbyreadinghertextbooks,worksheetsandnotebooks."Overandoverand

overagain,“recallsthispsychologistatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tenn.Now,sheadds,"weknowthafs

oneofthemostcommonbadstudyskillsthatstudentshave.^^

A.Makeabudgetandsaveit.

B.Makeaplanandsticktoit.

C.Thesameshouldgoforlearning.

D.However,notallcanapplytostudents.

E.Inotherwords,don'tjustacceptfactsatfacevalue.

F.Sadly,readingbooksandnotesrepeatedlyiscommonformanystudents.

G.Forinstance,sourfoodsusuallytastethatwaybecausetheycontainanacid.

（2022•甘肃•天水市第一中学高二学业考试）Oneofthemostimportantskillsinbuildingasuccessfulcareer

islistening.Whiledriveandconfidencemaygetyouinthedoorofadreamjob,listeningenablesyoutobuild

successfulpartnershipsthatwillhelpyouclimbtothetop.11Whencolleaguesfeellistenedto,theyfeel

safetocommunicateandenjoyworkingtogether.

Sohowdopeoplebecomegoodlisteners?

12

Whileweallhaveourownideas,toproperlylisten,wemustputtheseasidewhentheotherpersonisspeaking.

Manypeoplesucceedbecausethey'velearnedtolistenwiththepurposeofunderstandingwhattheotherpersonis

tryingtoconvey.Ithelpsyougetimportantinformation,ofcourse,butifsmorethanthat:Ifs