高三英语语法专题三-代词一、代词分类如下

高三英语语法专题三代词一、代词分类如下：

人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词主格宾语形容词性名语性单数第一人称Imemyminemyselfthisthat第二人称youyouYouryoursyourself第三人称he/she/ithim/her/ithis/her/itshis/hers/itshimself/her-self/itself复数第一人称weusouroursourselvesthesethose第二人称youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称theythemtheirtheirsthemselves相互代词宾格eachotheroneanother所有格eachother’soneanother’s不定代词可数eachone,many,(a)few,both,another,either,neither不可数much,(a)little可数、不可数all,some,none,such,anyother复合不定代词anybody,anyone,anything,somebody,someonesomething,nobody,nothing,everybody,everyone,everything疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what

连接代词who(ever),whom(ever),whose(ever),which(ever),what(ever)

关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as

二、使用人称代词须注意的3点

1.人称代词的顺序两个或两个以上的人称代词并列使用时,单数的顺序为:you,he/sheandI;复数的顺序为we,youandthey.若承认错误或承担责任,顺序应为:I,heandyou。e.g.You,heandIhaveallseenthefilmtwice.

Iandshearetoblame.注:youandI是固定结构,即使是在承担过失时,词序也不变。

e.g.YouandIaretoblame.另外:You,heandI

willallhavetoanswerforthefire.

2.人称代词的宾格代替主格的几种场合

(1)在日常生活中,人称代词作表语时,常用代词的宾格。e.g.—Who’sknockingatthedoor?—It’sme.

(2)口语中,当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子中作主语时,常用代词的宾格。e.g.—Idon’twanttogotothetheatertonight.—Meneither!(3)在带as和than的比较级后面,许多场合下用代词的宾格。e.g.Sheknowsmeaswellashim.Heistallerthanme.(4)人称代词前有形容词修饰时,多用代词的宾格。e.g.Poorlittlemeoftengetspunished.(5)口语中,当人称代语用于带有强烈感情色彩的句子中作主语且其后不带宾语时,多用代词的宾格。e.g.—Yououghttodoitatonce.—What?Me!3.人称代词的主格代替宾格的几种情况:1)在用语中常用主格。e.g.—IwishtospeaktoMary.—Thisisshe.Note:在动词be或tobe后的人称代词视其前面和它有关的名词或代词而定。即:和它相关的名词或代词的格保持一致。e.g.Ithoughtitwasshe.Ithoughtittobeher.Iwastakentobeshe.Theytookmetobeher.Ex:1.Ibelievethepickpockettobe______.(he/him)him2)在强调句中，强调主语用主格。e.g.ItwasIwhotoldhimthewholestory.2.Thecriminalturnedouttobe_____.(he/him)3.Somebodyhadgiventhemoneytothepoorgirl.I

didn’tconsiderittobe_____,thoughitwasgenerally

thoughttobe_____.Butfinallyitprovedtobereally_____.(he/him)4.______doyousupposemetobe?(who/whom)5._____amIsupposedtobe?(who/whom)6.Itappearstohavebeen_____.(he/him)hehimheheWhomWhohe()1.Iintendedtocomparenoteswithafriend,butunfortunately___couldn’tsparemeevenoneminute.A．they B．one C．who D．it()2.—YoumustgotocovertheeventinIraq. —___?Don’tyouknowthewarisgoingonthere? A．Me B．I C．Mine D．You3.ItishimwhooftenhelpsAuntWang.(改错)

4.Inusopinion,thisisthebestfilmoftheyear.(改错)

5.HeandIaretoblame.(改错)

()6.—What’sMary?—Wasit____youwerereferringto? A．heB．theyC．her D．she()7.Ithoughtitwas______. A．him B．himselfC．his D．heAAheourIandheCD3.he和she的特殊用法

he可指代雄性动物或庞大而又威猛之物,也可在谚语中泛指大象;she可指代雌性动物或柔弱、优美之物,也可代表拟人化说法中的国家、月亮、汽车、轮船等无生命的东西,以表达其喜爱或亲切之情。e.g.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Themoonlosesherbrilliancewhenthesunmakeshisappearance.ShewasTitanic,ashipwhichwassaidnevertosink.在句中可以作宾语、表语及同位语。(1)反身代词一般作宾语,表语,同位语。e.g.①TodayI’mnotquitewellmyself.

今天我不舒服.②Imyselfdidit.我自己做的这事。(2)形容词性物主代词+own表示强调或反身的意义.e.g.Itwasmyownidea.那是我自己的意见。

Shecooksherownbreakfastandsupper,butusuallyhasherdinnerinthediningroom.

她自己做早饭和晚饭,而午饭一般在食堂吃。(3)

makeoneselfunderstood

让别人听懂自己的话

teachoneself(English)

自学(英语)

enjoyoneself

玩得很痛快

expressoneself

表达自己的思想

makeyourselfathome

别客气

helpyourself(tosomefruit)

请随便吃(水果)

dressoneself

自己穿衣服

devoteoneselfto

献身于……

saytooneself

心里想

talktooneself/thinkaloud

自言自语byoneself

独自；单独

foroneself

亲自；独立地；为自己

ofoneself

自发地

besideoneself

失常，发狂

betweenourselves

只限你我之间

inoneself

就其本身而言

tooneself

独自占用或享用

benotoneself

身体不舒服()Havingdressed____,thegirlhelped____tosomemilk. A.her;her B.her;herself C.herself;her D.herself;herselfD四、代词的用法比较

1.替代词one/ones/that/it用法比较

one/ones用来代替前面提到过的可数名词,one指代单数,ones指代复数,所替代的是同名异物,表示泛指,可有前置定语或后置定语,也可单独使用.特指时必须加定冠词the。

that用来代替前面提到过的单数可数名词或不可数名词,不能和冠词连用,其后总有修饰语,其复数形式是those.指代可数名词时,that相当于theone;those相当于theones.it特指上文提到过的同名同物,不能带任何修饰语.e.g.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_____.

MrZhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept

________________whohadalreadytakenthem.Ihavelostmypen;Ican’tfindit.Ihavetobuy.

Theengineinmycarworksfar

betterthan____ofyours.Ourrulesarequitedifferentfrom_________ofotherorganizations.()Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade_____fromsomewoodwehad.onetheones/thosethatthose/theonesB2.all/both/either/neither/each/none的用法比较:

所表示的内容搭配谓语动词的数all都(三者或以上人或物)alltheapples,allthestudents复数都(不可数名词的所有东西)allofthework单数none都不(三者或以上人或物)noneofthestudents复数都不(代替不可数名词)noneofhismoney单数every每个(三者或三者以上)不能与of连用

单数any任何(三者或三者以上人或物)anyofthestudents,anyofthemilk复数单数both都(人或物两者都)bothofthem,bothofthebooks复数neither都不(两者)neitheroftheanswers单数either任何(两者中的任何一个)eitherofthebooks单数each每一个(两者之中)

eachofthem单数Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.anybody,anyone,anything,nooneelseinoneself就其本身而言theotheriswhiteB．anotherwhitethestreet.—Sohedoes.Manyofthestudentsoftengoshopping.用some。Theywereallverytired,butnoneofthemwouldItis+一段时间+since从句A．anyone B．SomeonePoorlittlemeoftengetspunished.②so+主语+助动词/情态动词/连系动词4．some与any用法比较Helikesplayingfootballverymuch.yesterday.______doyousupposemetobe?(who/whom)take(以为);seeto(负责);swearto(发誓,保证);Thetrainislate;youhavetowaitanothertwohours.A．everyother B．manyothers10)Tomdoesn’talwaysgothere.顺序为:you,he/sheandI;复数的顺序为we,youHewon’thaveitthattheconditionsareunfair.Thecriminalturnedouttobe_____.可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,都可用作主语,Itakeitthatyou’renotinterested.把它放在谓语之后,而用it作句子的形式主语。(2)形容词性物主代词+own表示强调或反身的意义.much;much注意:all,both,each作同位语时,一般用于系动词be、

助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前.e.g.Weareallstudents.Theyallfinishedtheirhomework.Theyhaveallfinishedtheirworkuptonow.all和both与not连用表示部分否定。e.g.—ShallIsitatthisendoftheboatortheotherend?—Ifyoukeepstill,youcansiteitherend.

Theywereallverytired,butnoneofthemwouldstoptotakearest.—Whichofthesetwotieswillyoutake?—I’lltakeboth,togivemeachange.Allisquiet.Idon’tknowallofthem.Ionlyknowafewofthem.()①Itiseasytodotherepair._____youneedisahammerandsomenails. A.Something B.All C.Both D.Everything()②IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,but____ofthemcame. A.neither B.either C.none D.both3．other/theother/another/others的用法比较

①other泛指“另外的”,作定语,常用来修饰可数名词的复数或不可数名词.e.g.otherstudents,otherwork;但如果前面有the,some,any,each,every,no或形容词性物主代词时,则与单数可数名词连用.e.g.Heistallerthananyothergirlinyourclass.Hegoesswimmingeveryotherday.BA

②other的复数形式为others,泛指“别的人或物”.e.g.Somearereading,othersarelisteningtotheradio.

③theother指“两者当中另一个”,常与one定语修饰复数名词时,表示另一方的“全部、其他的”.e.g.Hecamebackhomefromthemarketwithapieceofmeatinonehandandsomefishintheother.

④theothers是theother的复数形式,特指“全部其余的人或物”.e.g.Thereare54studentsinourclass,26areboys,theothers(alloftherest)aregirls.

⑤others不能作定语,表示复数意义,相当于“other+名词的复数”,theothers相当于“theother+名词的复数”。⑥another“任何一个”、“再一个”、“另一个”,作代词或形容词.e.g.Iencouragedhimtohaveanothertry.Thetrainislate;youhavetowaitanothertwohours.Tomhasalreadygottwocars.andnowhehasboughtanother.()①Ihavedonemuchofthework.Couldyoupleasefinish

intwodays? A．therest B．theotherC．another D．theothers()②Oneofthesidesoftheroadshouldbepaintedyellow,and

. A.theotheriswhiteB．anotherwhiteC.theotherwhite D．anotheriswhite()③IgotthestoryfromTomand

_____peoplewhohadworkedwithhim. A．everyother B．manyothersC．someother D．otherthanACC4．some与any用法比较some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句.但须注意：(1)下列情况中常用some:

①some后接单数可数名词,意为“某一”时,相当于“acertain+单数可数名词”。e.g.Forsomereason,hedidn’tturnupatthemeeting.

()WuDong,____isaskingtoseeyouatthegate. A.somepersons B.somepeople C.someaperson D.someperson

②在邀请别人享用某种东西时,为了表达诚意,用some。e.g.—Wouldyoulikesometea?—Yes,I’dliketo.（）—Well,Tom,wouldyoulike_____fish?—Thankyou,butI’mfullnow.DB③预料对方可能作肯定回答或说话人认为对方作肯定回答的可能性较大时,常用some。e.g.Youarecarryingashoppingbasket.Areyougoingtobuysomefood?()There’s____cookingoilleftinthehouse.Wouldyougotothecornerstoreandget____? A.little;some B.little;any C.alittle;some D.alittle;any(2)下列肯定句中常用any:①用于肯定的陈述句或祈使句中,须重读,作代词或形容词,意为“任何,(三个或三个以上之中)无论哪一个”,后接可数名词的单数形式。e.g.Anybookwilldo–Ijustwantsomethingtoreadonthetrain.()Wehadthreesetsofgardentoolsandweseemedtohavenousefor______. A.none B.either C.anyD.eachAC②用于肯定的条件从句中,用作代词或形容词,意为“什么,一个(些)。ifany意为“若有的话”。e.g.

HeaskedmeifIhadanybooksinmydesk.Correctthemistakesinhiscomposition,ifany.①Wouldyoulendmesomebooks______? A．ifsome B．ifyouhave C．ifany D．ifso注:some,any,every常与-one,-body,-thing构成复合不定代词,其基本用法与some,any,every用法相当.

e.g.—Iseverybodyhere?—No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewitheverything.②Iwillneverknowwhatwasonhismindatthetime,norwill____.A.anyoneB.anyoneelse C.noone D.nooneelseCB(3)some,any,every,no与one,body,thing构成的合成代词都作单数看待。另外,some的合成代词一般用于肯定句,any的合成代词一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。()Playingtricksonothersis____weshouldneverdo. A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothingB5.用于简略回答的none,nothing,nobody和noone

none既可指人,也可指物,可面可接of短语,能用来回答howmany,howmuch和which的提问;noone和nobody指人时其后一般不接of短语,可回答who的提问;nothing只指事物,后面不能接of短语,用来回答what的提问。e.g.1)—HowmanyofushavebeentotheGreatWall?—None.2)—Whatisintheroom?—Nothing.3)—Whohasfailedintheexam?—Noone.()Shedoesn’tknowanyonehere,Shehasgot____totalkto. A．anyone B．Someone C．everyone D．noone6．few,little,afew,alittle的用法

few和little表示没有多少,含否定意义,而afew与alittle表示有一些,有几个,含肯定意义。另外,few和afew修饰可数名数，little,alittle修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。e.g.HeknowsalittleEnglish.(宾语)

FewofthemcouldspeakEnglish.（主语）IknowalittleaboutJapanese.（宾语）()Thereisstill____waterinthebottle.Youmaydrinkit. A.few B.afew C.little D.alittleDD7．many和much的用法

many和much都表示许多,但是many用来修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,都可用作主语,宾语和定语。e.g.Manyofthestudentsoftengoshopping.(主语)Ihavemuchtodo.(宾语)—Whohasfailedintheexam?—Noone.Thereisnotmuchwaterinthecup.(定语)much有时用作状语。e.g.Helikesplayingfootballverymuch.(状语)()So____fishoverthere!How______isit? A.many;many B.much;much C.many;much D.much;manyC8．each,every的用法(1)each强调个别,可以充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语。

every强调整体,相当于汉语中的“每个都”,在句中只作定语。e.g.Theteacherhadatalkwitheachofthem(宾语)

Eachofushastwoboxes.(主语)Wehavetwoboxeseach.(同位语)

Eachboyhasabook.(定语)

Eachonehasstrongandweakpoints.(定语)(2)each所代表的数可能是两个以上,而every所指的数必须是三个以上。e.g.Eachofthetwohaswontheprice.

EverystudentintheclasslikeEnglish.()____oftheboyswasgivenafootball,andnowtheycouldhaveagoodtime. A.Each B.EveryC.EveryoneD.AllA五、部分否定句与全部否定句

部分否定全部否定二者

both…not/not…both

并非二者都neither=not…either

两者都不…三者(以上)all…not/not…all

并非所有…都every…not/not…every=some,few并非每一个都…thewhole…not/not…thewhole

并非全部none=not…anya=no…

没有一个noone/nobody

没有人nothing

没有任何事物副词的否定noteverywhere并非到处notalways并非总是notentirely并非全部notcompletely并非完全nowhere没有任何地方never从来不not…ever来不(较少用)notatall一点也不e.g.1)Idon’tlikebothofthebooks.(Ilikeoneofthetwobooks.)2)Hedoesn’tlikeeitherofthedictionaries.(=Helikesneitherofthedictionaries.)3)NotallthestudentswenttotheGreatWall.(=Allthestudentsdidn’t

gototheGreatWall.)(不常用)4)Noteverystudentsisinterestedinthisbook.5)NoneofthestudentswenttotheGreatWall.6)Idon’tlikeallofthem.7)Ilikenoneofthem.8)Wecouldn’tfindhimanywhere.(=Wecouldfindhimnowhere.)9)Heisn’tinterestedinthebookatall.10)Tomdoesn’talwaysgothere.()①—Isthebookinteresting?—Yes,butI’msureitwon’tinterest_____. A．everybody B．somebody C．anybody D．nobody()②Thattheboystudentdoesn’talwaysgetthefirstplacemeansthat____hedoesn’tgetthefirstplace. A．frequently B．sometime C．occasionally D．latelyACso的用法

英语中,有些动词,如：think,say,hear,do,hope,believe,expect,fear,beafraid等后,常用so替代上文提到的内容或情况。e.g.—ThenewEnglishteacherisverystrict.—I’veheardso.Whodoyouthinkdaresaysothen?—CanyoubeattheBulls?—Yes,Ibelieveso.

另外,so还可以用于以下句型中作替代词使用：

①so+助动词/情态动词/连系动词+主语②so+主语+助动词/情态动词/连系动词③主语+助动词/情态动词/连系动词+so注:①表示甲乙两个不同的对象具有相同的情况；

②表示甲陈述某一情况,听话人乙表示赞同甲的说法；

③表示甲吩咐、命令乙去做某事,乙照办了。e.g.1)—Imustbegoingnow.—SomustI.2)—JohnstudiesFrench.—Sohedoes. Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.Ididso.()①—Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout—Goodheavens.

.A．sodidI B．soIdid C．Ididso D．Isodid()②Yousayheworkshard,____,and______.A.sodoyou;sohedoesB.sodoeshe;sodoyouC.sodoyou;sodoyouD.sohedoes;sodoyouBD七.it的用法

①用作人称代词,指代前文提到过的事物。e.g.Thisisnotmybook.ItisMary’s

②用来代替指示代语this或that.e.g.—What’sthis?—Itisadictionary—Whosejacketisthat?—Itishers.③起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物。e.g.—Who’sknockingatthedoor?—It’sme.④指时间、距离、天气、环境等。e.g.—What’sthetimenow?—It’stenpasteight.It’sgettingcolderandcoldernow.It’sabouttenminutes’walkfrommyhometotheschool.Itwasveryquietatthemoment.⑤指代整个句子的内容。e.g.Ourteamwonthefootballmatch.Haveyouheardaboutit?⑥作形式主语。当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,通常把它放在谓语之后,而用it作句子的形式主语。e.g.Itisnoteasytolearnalanguagewell.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)

Itisapity