Unit4UsingLanguage2分层练习-高二英语（人教版2019选择性）

Unit4UsingLanguage2分层练习语言知识一、（2024·高二课时练习）词形转换1.endure

vt.忍耐；忍受→_____________

n.忍耐力；耐久力2.qualify

vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→_____________

adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→_____________

n.资格；资历；资格证书3.enthusiastic

adj.热情的；热心的→_____________

adv.热心地→_____________

n.热心；热情4.assign

vt.分派；布置；分配→_____________

n.(分派的)工作，任务5.envy

n.&

vt.羡慕；妒忌→_____________

adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的6.abandon

vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→_____________

adj.被遗弃的；被抛弃的7.belong

vi.属于→_____________

n.[pl.]财物；动产8.self

n.自我；自身→_____________

adj.无私的→_____________

adj.自私的→_____________

adv.自私地→_____________

n.自私自利9.persevere

vi.坚持；孜孜以求→_____________

n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神10.resolve

vi.&

vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)

n.决心；坚定的信念→_____________

n.决议；解决；坚定11.cruel

adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→_____________

adv.残忍地；残酷地→_____________

n.残忍；残酷12.fortune

n.财富；命运；运气→_____________

adj.幸运的→_____________

adj.不幸的→_____________

adv.不幸地；遗憾地13.guide

vt.指导；指引→_____________

n.指导；引导；导航14.advertise

vt.&

vi.公布；宣传；做广告→_____________

n.广告活动；广告业→_____________

n.广告15.corporate

adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→_____________

n.公司；法人；法人团体16.mit

vt.犯(错误、罪行)；使承担义务；花费→_____________

n.承诺；保证；奉献→_____________

adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的【答案】1.endure

vt.忍耐；忍受→endurance

n.忍耐力；耐久力2.qualify

vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualified

adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualification

n.资格；资历；资格证书3.enthusiastic

adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically

adv.热心地→enthusiasm

n.热心；热情4.assign

vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment

n.(分派的)工作，任务5.envy

n.&

vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious

adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的6.abandon

vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→abandoned

adj.被遗弃的；被抛弃的7.belong

vi.属于→belongings

n.[pl.]财物；动产8.self

n.自我；自身→selfless

adj.无私的→selfish

adj.自私的→selfishly

adv.自私地→selfishness

n.自私自利9.persevere

vi.坚持；孜孜以求→perseverance

n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神10.resolve

vi.&

vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)

n.决心；坚定的信念→resolution

n.决议；解决；坚定11.cruel

adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly

adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty

n.残忍；残酷12.fortune

n.财富；命运；运气→fortunate

adj.幸运的→unfortunate

adj.不幸的→unfortunately

adv.不幸地；遗憾地13.guide

vt.指导；指引→guidance

n.指导；引导；导航14.advertise

vt.&

vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertising

n.广告活动；广告业→advertisement

n.广告15.corporate

adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→corporation

n.公司；法人；法人团体16.mit

vt.犯(错误、罪行)；使承担义务；花费→mitment

n.承诺；保证；奉献→mitted

adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的二、（2024·高二课时练习）单句语法填空1.Ourmonitorisenthusiastic________creatingaharmoniouscampusandheoftenlaunchessomecampaignstopromoteit.2.Asisknowntousall,hehasremainedloyal_____hispoliticalprinciplesandhewillneverbetrayhismotherland.3.What______Ikeepbeingtrappedinsuchaterriblesituation?4.We_______(stick)inthetrafficforoveranhour,sowefailedtocatchourflight.5.Weareallamazedat_______greatprogressyouhavemade!6.Overthepastdecade,aglobalpushtoreducehungerandextremepoverty______(mark)somesignificantsuccess.7.Innosenseshouldyouloseheart;keeptryingandyouwillmake_____soonerorlater.8.Withallhisattention_______(fix)onthebook,hedidnotnoticewhenIcamein.【答案】1.about2.to3.if4.werestuck5.what6.hasmarked7.it8.fixed三、（2024·高二课时练习）语法填空Likemostpeople，Iwasbroughtuptolookuponlifeasagetting.Itwasnotuntilinmylatethirties1.Imadethisimportantdiscovery：givingawaythings2_____(make)lifesomuchmoreexciting.OnediscoveryImadeaboutgivingawayisthatitisalmostimpossibletogiveawayanythinginthisworldwithout3_____(get)somethingback，thoughthereturnoftenesin4_____unexpectedform.OneSundaymorningthelocalpostofficedeliveredalettertomyhome，thoughit5_____(address)tomeatmyoffice.Iwrotethepostmasteranoteof6_____(appreciate)．MorethanayearlaterIneededapostofficeboxforanewbusinessIwasstarting.Iwastoldatthewindowthattherewerenoboxes7_____(leave)，andthatmynamewouldhavetogoonalongwaitinglist.AsIwasabouttoleave，thepostmasterappearedinthedoorway.Hehadoverheardourconversation.“Wasn’tityouthatwroteusaletterayearagoaboutaspecial8_____(deliver)toyourhome？”Isaidyes.“Well，youare9_____(certain)goingtohaveaboxinthispostofficeifwehavetomakeoneforyou.Youdon’tknow10_____aletterlikethatmeanstous.Weusuallygetnothingbutplaints.”【答案】1.that2.makes3.getting4.an5.wasaddressed6.appreciation7.left8.delivery9.certainly10.what知识应用四、（云南省昆明市寻甸县第一中学20242025学年高三上学期8月月考）阅读理解Almostallfoodpaniescalculatethecaloriecontentoftheirofferingsusingamathematicalformula(公式).Theyfirstmeasurehowmanygramsofcarbohydrate(碳水化合物),proteinandfatareinthefood.ThisformulaisknownastheAtwatersystem.Thentheymultiply(乘以)eachofthoseamountsbyasetvalue.Therearefourcaloriespergramofcarbohydrateorproteinandninecaloriespergramoffat.Thesumofthosevalueswillshowupasthecaloriecountonafoodlabel.ThenumbersinthisformulaarecalledAtwaterfactors.Theyefromdatacollectedmorethan100yearsagobynutritionistWilburO.Atwater.Atwateraskedvolunteerstoeatdifferentfoods.Thenhemeasuredhowmuchenergytheirbodiesgotfromeachonebyparingtheenergyinthefoodwiththeenergyleftoverintheirfecesandurine.Accordingtotheformula,thecaloriecontentinagramoffatisthesamewhetherthatfatesfromahamburger,abagofalmonds(杏仁)oraplateofFrenchfries.ButscientistshavefoundthattheAtwatersystemisn’tperfect.DavidBaerisaprofessorattheBeltsvilleHumanNutritionResearchCenterinMaryland.HisteamhasshownthatsomefoodsdonotmatchtheAtwaterfactors.Forexample,someplantshavetoughcellwalls.Chewingplantbasedfoods,suchasnuts,consumessomeofthesewallsbutnotall.Sosomeofthesenutrientswillpassoutofthebody,undigested.Makingfoodseasiertodigestthroughcookingorotherprocessescanalsochangetheamountofcaloriesavailabletothebody.Forexample,Baer’steamhasfoundthatalmondbutterprovidesmorecaloriespergramthanwholealmonds.TheAtwatersystem,however,predictseachshoulddeliverthesameamount.TheAtwatersystemmayhaveproblems,butitissimpleandeasytouse.Thoughothersystemshavebeenproposed,noneisthebest.8.WhatistheAtwatersystemmainlyusedfor?A.Measuringtheweightoffood.B.Calculatingthecaloriecontentoffood.CPredictingtheenergyoutputofthebody.D.Determiningthenutritionalvalueoffood.9.AccordingtoDavidBaer’steam,whatmakessomefoodsnotmatchtheAtwaterfactors?AThedifficultyindigestingcertainfoods.B.Thehighcaloriecontentinprocessedfoods.C.Thedifferenceinthewaypeoplechewfood.D.Thevarietyofnutrientsindifferentfoods.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.TheAtwatersystemisthebestwaytocalculatecalories.B.NoneoftheproposedsystemsisbetterthantheAtwatersystem.C.OthersystemsaremoreplexbutmoreaccuratethantheAtwatersystem.D.Despiteitsproblems,theAtwatersystemremainspopularduetoitssimplicity.11.Wheredoesthispassagemostprobablyefrom?A.Ahealthandfitnesswebsite. B.Acookingmagazine.C.Ahistorybook. D.Asciencejournal.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了食品公司如何计算食品热量，包括使用Atwater系统的方法及其问题，但该系统简单易用，至今仍是最佳选择。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“ThisformulaisknownastheAtwatersystem.Theyfirstmeasurehowmanygramsofcarbohydrate(碳水化合物),proteinandfatareinthefood.Thentheymultiply(乘以)eachofthoseamountsbyasetvalue.Thesumofthosevalueswillshowupasthecaloriecountonafoodlabel.”（这个公式被称为阿特沃特系统。他们首先测量食物中有多少克的碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪。然后他们将每一种量乘以一个设定的值。这些值的总和将显示为食品标签上的卡路里计数。）可知，Atwater系统主要用于计算食物的卡路里含量，故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Chewingplantbasedfoods,suchasnuts,consumessomeofthesewallsbutnotall.Sosomeofthesenutrientswillpassoutofthebody,undigested.”（咀嚼这些植物性食物（如坚果）会消耗其中一些细胞壁，但并非全部。因此，一些营养物质会未经消化就排出体外。）可知，某些食物不符合Atwater因子是因为消化困难，故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“TheAtwatersystemmayhaveproblems,butitissimpleandeasytouse.Thoughothersystemshavebeenproposed,noneisthebest.”（Atwater系统可能存在问题，但它简单易用。尽管已经提出了其他系统，但没有最好的。）可推知，尽管Atwater系统存在问题，但由于其简单性，仍然受到欢迎，故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。文章主要讨论了食物卡路里的计算方法，特别是Atwater系统，以及该系统存在的问题和替代方案。这种内容通常与健康和健身相关，因此最有可能出现在健康和健身网站上。故选A。五、（湖北省武汉中学20242025学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题）完形填空VolunteeringatGreenpeaceismorethanasimpleindividualaction.Itisacollectiveforce41avisionofagreenerandfairerworld.WhenItookmyfirststepasavolunteerwithGreenpeaceBrazil,Ihadnoideahowthisexperiencewould42mylifeandmymitmenttoourplanet.ThroughGreenpeace.I43otherpeople,understoodhowthemunityfunctioned,andexchanged44withfellowmembers.Today,lookingback,Iseehow45impactfulthisjourneyhasbeen,notonlyformebutalsoforthemunitiesinthelocalgroupsthat,weembraced(拥抱)with46.Whatmakesthisexperienceevenmore47ishowourcampaignsetolifethroughthe48ofeveryoneandthepassioneachofusnurturesfortheenvironment.Whetherinthefightagainstclimatechange,thedefenseofforests,ortheprotectionofoceans,eachofusplaysa49roleinourownway.Overtime,Ihaveseenourlocalmunity50awarenessandtakingactiononlocalenvironmentalissues,especiallyregardingthemining51wefaceinourstate.Iwitnessedthebuildingofstrongconnectionswithotherorganizations,52ourmovementforasustainableplanet.MyinitialmotivationforvolunteeringatGreenpeacewastodomypartin53theenvironment.Today,IknowthatIamdoingmuchmore.Iampartofaglobalmovementthatischangingtheworld.Inthis54,Ihavefoundnotonlyanincrediblemunityofpeoplebutalsoapurposethat55meeveryday.41．A．improving B．increasing C．discovering D．shaping42．A．introduce B．transform C．control D．create43．A．connectedwith B．petedagainst C．wentthrough D．gotacross44．A．impression B．money C．experience D．work45．A．incredibly B．strangely C．unfairly D．fortunately46．A．creativity B．friendship C．success D．passion47．A．expensive B．weling C．meaningful D．inviting48．A．kindness B．support C．agreement D．consideration49．A．general B．familiar C．normal D．decisive50．A．raising B．encouraging C．developing D．building51．A．benefits B．businesses C．challenges D．operations52．A．starting B．strengthening C．designing D．reducing53．A．decorating B．constructing C．changing D．protecting54．A．journey B．career C．environment D．campaign55．A．orders B．surprises C．inspires D．calls【答案】41．D42．B43．A44．C45．A46．D47．C48．B49．D50．A51．C52．B53．D54．A55．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为绿色和平组织志愿者的经历和感受。作者通过参与绿色和平组织的活动，不仅个人获得了成长和见识，而且深刻体会到了环保行动的重要性和影响力。41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是一种集体力量，塑造了一个更绿色、更公平的世界的愿景。A.improving提高；B.increasing增加；C.discovering发现；D.shaping塑造。根据倒数第二段中“Iwitnessedthebuildingofstrongconnectionswithotherorganizations,

strengtheningourmovementforasustainableplanet.”可知，作者目睹了与其他组织建立紧密联系，从而强化了建设可持续地球的运动，由此可知，绿色和平组织的志愿者们塑造了一个更绿色更加公平的世界愿景。故选D。42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我作为巴西绿色和平组织的志愿者迈出第一步时，我不知道这段经历会如何改变我的生活和我对地球的承诺。A.introduce介绍；B.transform转变；C.control控制；D.create创造。根据后文“Today,lookingback,Iseehowincrediblyimpactfulthisjourneyhasbeen,notonlyformebutalsoforthemunitiesinthelocalgroupsthat,weembraced(拥抱)with

passion.”可知，志愿活动对志愿者本人及社区都有很大的影响，故此处指作者最初加入这个组织时，不知道这次经历将会如何改变它的人生和他对地球承诺。故选B。43．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过绿色和平组织。我与其他人联系，了解社区如何运作，并与其他成员交流经验。A.connectedwith与……相连；B.petedagainst与……竞争；C.wentthrough经历；D.gotacross被理解。根据后文“andexchangedexperiencewithfellowmembers”可知，作者通过绿色和平组织，接触到了其他人及与其他人建立联系。故选A。44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.impression印象；B.money钱；C.experience经验；D.work工作。根据前文“exchanged”可知，此处指出作者与组织中的其他志愿者交流经验。故选C。45．考查副词词义辨析。句意：今天，回首过去，我看到了这段旅程的难以置信的影响力，这不仅是对我而言，更是对我们满怀热情地拥抱的当地群体中的社区。A.incredibly难以置信地；B.strangely奇怪地；C.unfairly不公平地；D.fortunately幸运地。根据后文“notonlyformebutalsoforthemunitiesinthelocalgroups”以及后文的“passioneachofusnurturesfortheenvironment”可知，回首往事，作者发现这段旅程产生了难以置信的影响，不仅对自己，而且对志愿者们热情拥抱的当地团体中的社区。故选A。46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.creativity创造力；B.friendship友谊；C.success成功；D.passion热情。根据本句中“weembraced(拥抱)with”可知，作者是出于对保护环境的热情去作志愿者即满怀热情地拥抱当地群体中的社区。故选D。47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让这次经历更有意义的是，我们的活动是如何通过每个人的支持和我们每个人对环境的热情来实现的。A.expensive昂贵的；B.weling欢迎的；C.meaningful有意义的；D.inviting吸引人的。根据后文“Whetherinthefightagainstclimatechange,thedefenseofforests,ortheprotectionofoceans”可知，无论是在应对气候变化、保护森林还是保护海洋方面志愿者们都发挥了重要作用，因此作者认为志愿活动是非常有意义的。故选C。48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.kindness善良；B.support支持；C.agreement同意；D.consideration考虑。根据后文“ofeveryoneandthepassioneachofusnurturesfortheenvironment.”可知，志愿者活动通过每个人的支持和每个人对环境的热情来实现的。故选B。49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论是应对气候变化、保护森林还是保护海洋，我们每个人都以自己的方式发挥着决定性作用。A.general普遍的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.normal正常的；D.decisive决定性的。根据前文“Whetherinthefightagainstclimatechange,thedefenseofforests,ortheprotectionofoceans,eachofus”可知，无论是应对气候变化、保护森林还是保护海洋，我们每个人都以自己的方式发挥着决定性作用。故选D。50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我看到我们当地社区提高了对当地环境问题的认识并采取了行动，特别是在我们州面临的采矿挑战方面。A.raising提高；B.encouraging鼓励；C.developing发展；D.building建造。根据后文“awarenessandtakingactiononlocalenvironmentalissues,”可知，随着时间的推移，作者看到了当地社区提高了对当地环境问题的认识并采取了行动。故选A。51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.benefits好处；B.businesses商业；C.challenges挑战；D.operations操作。根据前文“localenvironmentalissues,”可知，当地社区提高了对当地环境问题的认识并采取了行动，特别是作者所在州面临的采矿方面的挑战。故选C。52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我见证了与其他组织建立紧密联系，加强了我们的可持续发展地球运动。A.starting开始；B.strengthening加强；C.designing设计；D.reducing减少。根据前文“thebuildingofstrongconnectionswithotherorganizations”可知，各个组织之间建立了紧密联系，从而强化了建设可持续性地球的运动。故选B。53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在绿色和平组织做志愿者的最初动机是为保护环境尽自己的一份力量。A.decorating装饰；B.constructing建造；C.changing改变；D.protecting保护。根据第一段中“Itisacollectiveforceshapingavisionofagreenerandfairerworld”可知，绿色和平组织的宗旨是保护环境，保护地球。故选D。54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这段旅程中，我不仅发现了一个令人难以置信的社区，而且发现了一个每天都在激励我的目标。A.journey旅程；B.career职业；C.environment环境；D.campaign运动。根据前文“Today,lookingback,Iseehowincrediblyimpactfulthisjourneyhasbeen,notonlyformebutalsoforthemunitiesinthelocalgroups”可知，作者把自己参加志愿活动的经历描述成保护地球和家园的旅程。故选A。55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.orders命令；B.surprises使惊讶；C.inspires激励；D.calls打。根据前文“Iampartofaglobalmovementthatischangingtheworld.”可知，作者认为自己是一个正在改变世界的全球运动的一部分，这个目标每天都在激励着作者自己。故选C。六、（河北衡水武邑中学20242025学年高二上学期模拟练习）读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Duringbreakfast,AlansuggestedgoingtotheLegoLandtohavefunandhismomagreed.“We’llstopbythesupermarketandbuysomesnacksandfruits.Nowhurryandeatandthenwe’llgo.It’sgoingtobealovelyday.Grandmaisingwithus.She’llbehereanyminute.”Alanatehisbreakfastandthenranintohisroomtogethisshoes.Theproblemwasthathecouldonlyfindoneofthem.Helookedunderhisbed,butallhecouldseeweredirtypants.Hemovedsomeofhistoysoutoftheway,butstillcouldn’tfindhisshoe.Afterhehadcheckedeverywhereinhisroom,heranintothekitchen.“Mom,Ican’tfindmyshoe.WillyouwaitwhileIlookforit?”heasked.Hismomthoughtabouthowmanytimesshe’dtoldAlantocleanhisroomup.ShesaidsomethingtoAlan’sgrandmainalowvoice.Then,shesaidtoAlan,“Youwillhavetostayhome.YourdadandIwilltakeyourbrotherAlextotheLegoLand.Grandmawillstayathomewithyou.”“No!Pleasewaitforme.IwanttogototheLegoLand,”Alancried.“I’msorry,Alan.I’vetoldyouadozentimestocleanyourroomandyoudidnotdoit.Youcan’tfindyourshoenow.It’syourownfaultfornotcleaningyourroom.Youwillstayathome.”Alanranintohisbedroom,crying.Hismomcametothedoorandsaid,“Alan,cleanthatroomofyoursbeforeIgethome.I’vetoldGrandmanottogiveyouanysweetsuntilyoumakeyourroomcleanandtidy.”ShewentoutwithAlexandthebrothers’dad.Afteraminute,theydroveaway.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。Paragraph1:Alansatonhisbedandcriedforalongtime.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Alanandhisgrandmaweresittingatthetable,eatingwhenhismom,dadandAlexcamehome.______________________________________________