北京市北京第一零一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期统考三英语试题

北京市第一○一中学2024—2025学年度统考三高三英语第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Inmyeyes,mymotheriscapableofdoinganything,especiallychoressuchasironingandcooking.However,teachingherhowtousetheInternetisasfrustratingasuntangling(解开)wires.Once,mymothercametometoaskforhelponhowtofindarecipeforallbeefLasagna.Igavehervery___1___verbalinstructions—gotothehomepageofaparticularsearchengineand___2___in“recipeforallbeefLasagna”.Fifteenminuteslater,shecametome,tellingmeshecouldn’tfindtheInterneticon.Iwentovertotheputerandpointedouttheicontoher.AnotherfifteenminuteswentbywhenIfeltataponmyshoulder.Thistime,shewasunabletosearchfortheparticularrecipe.Gritting(咬)myteeth,Iwalkedtoherroomagain.Isawthatshehadtyped“allbeefLasaga”instead.Withfrustratedstrokes,Itypedinthecorrect___3___.Yetwhenmymothertimidlytappedmyshoulderagain,Istormednextdoorwithout___4___tohidemyfrustration.Themainpageofthewebsitehadnotshiftedonebit.Ithenrealisedthatshedidnotknowhowto___5___thepage.Whathad___6___seemedlikeaneasytaskwasturningouttobeanintenseone.Toavoidbeing___7___again,Idecidedtofindtherecipeforher.Withoutaword,Irapidlydownloadedafewrecipes,printedthemoutandpassedthemtomymother.However,seeingher___8___,Ibegantoregretmyimpatienceduringthewholeprocess.Atthatmoment,memoriesflashedthroughmymind.WhenIwasyoung,mymother____9____myendlessquestions,enlighteningmewithmuchpatience.NowthatIamolder,the_____10_____slowlyreverse.Asmymothermayincreasinglyneedmyhelp,shouldn’tIrethinkhowtorespondtoherneeds?1.A.logical B.familiar C.simple D.smart2.A.turn B.print C.bring D.key3.A.spelling B.decision C.explanation D.bination4.A.assuming B.bothering C.expecting D.preparing5.A.relyon B.scrolldown C.runacross D.speedup6.A.basically B.currently C.technically D.initially7.A.blamed B.disturbed C.trapped D.tested8.A.optimism B.unwillingness C.pleasure D.embarrassment9.A.tolerated B.forgave C.unlocked D.doubted10.A.principles B.roles C.beliefs D.practices【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B5.B6.D7.B8.D9.A10.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在帮助母亲使用互联网时感到挫败，但最终反思并意识到要给予耐心。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我给了她非常简单的口头说明——去一个特定搜索引擎的主页，输入“全牛肉千层面食谱”。A.logical逻辑的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.simple简单的；D.smart聪明的。根据下文“gotothehomepageofaparticularsearchengineand2in“recipeforallbeefLasagna””可知，这是非常简单的步骤，所以作者给了母亲非常简单的口头说明。故选C。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.turn转动；B.print打印；C.bring带来；D.key（用键盘）输入。根据上文“gotothehomepageofaparticularsearchengine”和一般使用搜索引擎方法可知，此处指去搜索引擎的主页输入想要搜索的内容。故选D。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：带着沮丧的心情，我输入了正确的拼写。A.spelling拼写；B.decision决定；C.explanation解释；D.bination结合。根据上文“shehadtyped“allbeefLasaga”instead”可知，母亲拼写错误，所以此处指作者输入了正确的拼写。故选A。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我的母亲再次胆怯地拍了拍我的肩膀时，我冲到了隔壁房间，没有掩饰我的沮丧。A.assuming假设；B.bothering打扰；C.expecting期望；D.preparing准备。根据上文“Istormednextdoor”和下文“tohidemyfrustration”可知，作者急促地走过去，说明未顾忌隐藏沮丧的情绪，bothertodo意为“费心做某事”。故选B。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后我意识到她不知道如何滚动页面。A.relyon依靠；B.scrolldown滚动（网页或文档）以便看到更多内容；C.runacross偶遇；D.speedup加速。根据上文“Themainpageofthewebsitehadnotshiftedonebit”可知，电脑操作中“toscroll”指的是在网页中上下移动页面，此处因网页内容没有移动，所以作者意识到母亲不知道如何滚动页面。故选B。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初看似简单的任务，结果却变得十分艰难。A.basically基本上；B.currently目前；C.technically技术上；D.initially最初。根据下文“seemedlikeaneasytaskwasturningouttobeanintenseone”可知，此处指作者原本认为教母亲上网找食谱是一件容易的事，但实际操作过程中遇到了很多困难。故选D。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了避免再次被打扰，我决定为她找到食谱。A.blamed责备；B.disturbed打扰；C.trapped使陷入困境；D.tested测试。根据上文“Yetwhenmymothertimidlytappedmyshoulderagain”和下文“Idecidedtofindtherecipeforher”可知，作者不想再被母亲频繁地询问问题，所以选择了直接帮她完成任务。故选B。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，看到她尴尬的样子，我开始后悔自己在整个过程中的不耐烦。A.optimism乐观；B.unwillingness不乐意；C.pleasure快乐；D.embarrassment尴尬。根据上文“Irapidlydownloadedafewrecipes,printedthemoutandpassedthemtomymother”和后文“Ibegantoregretmyimpatienceduringthewholeprocess.”可知，结合我后悔自己的不耐烦，这里应该表达母亲面对技术不熟练感到难堪和害羞，她是表现出尴尬情绪。故选D。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我小的时候，母亲容忍我问不完的问题，耐心地给我开导。A.tolerated忍受；B.forgave原谅；C.unlocked打开；D.doubted怀疑。根据上文“Atthatmoment,memoriesflashedthroughmymind.WhenIwasyoung”和下文“enlighteningmewithmuchpatience”可知，小时候是母亲耐心地回答作者的问题，也就是说母亲容忍我问不完的问题，耐心地给我开导。故选A。10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在我长大了，角色慢慢地颠倒了。A.principles原则；B.roles角色；C.beliefs信仰；D.practices实践。根据上文“WhenIwasyoung,mymotherenduredmyendlessquestions,enlighteningmewithmuchpatience”和下文“Asmymothermayincreasinglyneedmyhelp,shouldn’tIrethinkhowtorespondtoherneeds?”可知，小时候是母亲耐心地回答作者的问题，现在作者长大了，角色慢慢地颠倒了，应该是作者耐心地对待母亲。此处指角色互换。故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumesthataimtodescribe____11____digitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.Eachvolumeinthesetexploresawiderangeofmaterials,____12____(clarify)thebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems,anddiscussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.Wemainlyfocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.Readers____13____(encourage)tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceofourFurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.【答案】11.how12.clarifies13.areencouraged【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过描述数字系统对社会的影响，以及介绍其基本概念和应用，帮助读者理解数字世界。【11题详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：《数字世界》是一系列旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会的卷册，帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多相互作用的部分。根据句子结构，这里需要一个连接词来引导宾语从句，并且表示方式或方法。因此，使用how“如何”来引导从句，说明数字系统影响社会的方式。故填how。【12题详解】考查时态。句意：这套书中的每一卷都探索了一系列材料，阐明数字系统主要应用的基本概念，并讨论它们对日常生活的影响。explores与空格处单词以及后文and后的discusses构成并列的谓语动词，句子时态为一般现在时。由于主语Eachvolume是单数形式，因此空格处使用第三人称单数形式。故填clarifies。【13题详解】考查被动语态。句意：我们鼓励读者在每一卷中特色展示的“进一步资源”部分的指导下继续探索数字世界。结合上一句中的focus和句意，可知句子时态用一般现在时，主语Readers与encourage之间是被动关系，此处需用一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done，主语为Readers，be动词需用are。故填areencouraged。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。SanDiego’snewestgiantpandamadetheirpublicappearanceonThursdayintheSanDiegoZoo’sPandaRidgehabitat.Thepair,YunChuanandXinBao,arethefirstpandas____14____(enter)theUnitedStatesin21years.ThePandaRidgehabitat____15____thepairwillliveisfourtimeslargerthanthepreviouspandaenclosureandtakescuesfromChina’slandscape,____16____manyfeaturesimitatingcanyons,mountainsandcliffs.Visitorstothezoocanmakereservationsforan80minuteearlymorningwalkingtourtoseepandas,whichisnotincludedinthepriceof____17____(admit).【答案】14.toenter15.where16.with17.admission【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了圣地亚哥动物园最新引进的两只大熊猫及其生活环境和参观安排的相关信息。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一对，云川和鑫宝，是21年来首批进入美国的大熊猫。根据空格前的“thefirstpandas”可知，被修饰名词被序数词修饰，此处需用不定式作后置定语，表示“首批进入美国的大熊猫”。故填toenter。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这对熊猫将居住的熊猫岭栖息地比之前的熊猫围栏大四倍，并借鉴了中国的景观，许多特征模仿峡谷、山脉和悬崖。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ThePandaRidgehabitat，指物，在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。【16题详解】考查介词。句意同上。此处需用介词with表示“具有，带有”的意思，后接宾语manyfeatures，构成with复合结构，在句中作状语。故填with。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：动物园的游客可以预订一个80分钟的清晨徒步旅行来看大熊猫，这个旅行不在门票价格之内。根据空前的介词of可知，此处需用名词作宾语，admit的名词是admission，表示“允许进入，入场费”，为不可数名词。故填admission。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Withthethemeof“Kineticrush”,the9thWorldRendering(渲染)petition,acontestwhereparticipantsengageintheprocessofcreatingthreedimensionalanimations,____18____(challenge)participantstocreateuniqueanimations.Itattractedthousandsof3Dartistsfromaroundtheworld,____19____(receive)adiversecollectionofimaginativeentriesthataremasterfullycreated.Amongthese,theworkofKaraok,a3DartistfromChengduChinastoodout.____20____(inspire)byanEgyptianParalympictabletennisplayer,hisanimationtellsthestoryofanarmlessboyenthusiasticallypursuinghisdreamofplayingpingpongdespitehisdisabilities.【答案】18.challenged19.receiving20.Inspired【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了第九届世界渲染大赛及其参赛作品。【18题详解】考查动词时态。句意：以“动力冲刺”为主题的第九届世界渲染大赛是一项参赛者参与创作三维动画的比赛，它挑战参赛者创作独特的动画。结合后文“Itattractedthousandsof3Dartistsfromaroundtheworld”可知第九届世界渲染大赛发生在过去，句子时态为一般过去时，空格处是谓语动词，应该使用过去式。故填challenged。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它吸引了来自世界各地的数千名3D艺术家，收到了精心创作的各种富有想象力的参赛作品。句子谓语动词是attracted，空格处应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语It构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填receiving。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到一名埃及残奥会乒乓球运动员的启发，他的动画讲述了一个无臂男孩尽管身有残疾，但仍满怀热情地追求打乒乓球的梦想的故事。句子谓语动词是tells，空格处应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Inspired。第二部分阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。THETEMPEFESTIVALOFTHEARTSDecember6–8,2024,Friday–Saturday10:00AM–5:30PM&Sunday10:00AM–4:30PMKIDSBLOCKAhandsoninteractiveblockforyoungartistsandayouthexhibitionfeaturingover450studentworksfromaroundtheValleyondisplayandforsale.Gettheyoungcreativesinvolvedwiththefestivalinanewwaywithmunitypartners,whowillbeonsitedoingtakeawayprojectswithyoungvisitors!YouthcanstarttheirappreciationfortheartsatayoungagebyvisitingYoungCollectorsonSaturdayandSunday.Forjust$5childrencanbegintheirartcollectingjourney.YOUNGARTISTEXHIBITIONEachfestivalwereceivehundredsofpiecesofartworkcreatedbytalentedValleyyouthwhoareinterestedinhavingtheirworksexhibitedforachancetowinacashprize,andfortheopportunitytoselltheirworks(pleaserefertoeachnameplatetoidentifywhichpiecesareforsale).YoucanvisittheexhibitionnearKidsBlock,FridaySundayatthefestival.YOUNGCOLLECTORSGALLERYEachyear,ourartistshavetheoptiontodonateapiecetothegallery,offeringchildrenthechancetopurchaseandbringhometheirveryownpiece.Weencourageyoungcollectorstoshopontheirown,learningfreedominwhattheylike.Volunteerswillbeinplacetoassistchildren.TheYoungCollectorssectionwillbeopenonSaturdayandSundayofthefestival.APPLICATIONSARENOWOPEN!AllstudentsMUSThaveasignedandpleteddigitalPermissionFormtoenterthefestival.21.WhencanchildrenvisitKIDSBLOCK?A.10:00AM5:30PMFriday. B.10:30AM4:00PMSunday.C.9:00AM5:00PMSaturday. D.10:00AM7:00PMSaturday.22.WhatisspecialaboutYOUNGARTISTEXHIBITION?AItrequiresonsiteregistration.B.Itofferscashassistancetoyouth.C.Itincludesapetitionforparticipants.D.Itgiveskidsachancetorecreatetheirworks.23.Whatdothethreesectionshaveinmon?A.Kidscanmakeanartpurchase. B.Visitorsmaydonatetheirworks.C.Volunteerswillbebadlyneeded. D.Youngartistscangainmoreprofit.【答案】21.B22.C23.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了即将开幕的艺术节及青少年可参与的活动内容。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段内容“December6–8,2024,Friday–Saturday10:00AM–5:30PM&Sunday10:00AM–4:30PM(2024年12月6日至8日，周五至周六上午10:00至下午5:30，周日上午10:00至晚上4:30)”和“KIDSBLOCK”部分关键句“YouthcanstarttheirappreciationfortheartsatayoungagebyvisitingYoungCollectorsonSaturdayandSunday.(年轻人可以在周六和周日参观青年收藏家，在年轻时就开始欣赏艺术。)”可知，“KIDSBLOCK”的参观时间是周六和周日，周五至周六上午10:00至下午5:30，周日上午10:00至晚上4:30，结合选项可知，孩子们在周日上午10:30至下午4:00可以参观KIDSBLOCK。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据“YOUNGARTISTEXHIBITION”部分关键句“EachfestivalwereceivehundredsofpiecesofartworkcreatedbytalentedValleyyouthwhoareinterestedinhavingtheirworksexhibitedforachancetowinacashprize,andfortheopportunitytoselltheirworks(pleaserefertoeachnameplatetoidentifywhichpiecesareforsale).(每个节日，我们都会收到数百件由才华横溢的山谷青年创作的艺术品，他们有兴趣展出自己的作品，有机会获得现金奖励，并有机会出售自己的作品（请参阅每个名牌以确定哪些作品可以出售）。)”可知，“YOUNGARTISTEXHIBITION”为参与者提供了竞赛机会，获胜者有机会获得现金奖励，由此可知，“YOUNGARTISTEXHIBITION”的特别之处在于它包括一场参与者的竞赛。故选C项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据“KIDSBLOCK”部分关键句“Ahandsoninteractiveblockforyoungartistsandayouthexhibitionfeaturingover450studentworksfromaroundtheValleyondisplayandforsale.(一个面向年轻艺术家的动手互动块和一个青年展览，展出和出售来自山谷各地的450多件学生作品。)”、“YOUNGARTISTEXHIBITION”部分关键句“EachfestivalwereceivehundredsofpiecesofartworkcreatedbytalentedValleyyouthwhoareinterestedinhavingtheirworksexhibitedforachancetowinacashprize,andfortheopportunitytoselltheirworks(pleaserefertoeachnameplatetoidentifywhichpiecesareforsale).(每个节日，我们都会收到数百件由才华横溢的山谷青年创作的艺术品，他们有兴趣展出自己的作品，有机会获得现金奖励，并有机会出售自己的作品（请参阅每个名牌以确定哪些作品可以出售）。)”和“YOUNGCOLLECTORSGALLERY”部分关键句“Eachyear,ourartistshavetheoptiontodonateapiecetothegallery,offeringchildrenthechancetopurchaseandbringhometheirveryownpiece.(每年，我们的艺术家都可以选择向画廊捐赠一件作品，让孩子们有机会购买并带回家自己的作品。)”可知，三个部分都给孩子提供了购买艺术品的机会，由此可知，三个部分的共同点是孩子们可以从中购买艺术品。故选A项。BThelastfewmonthshadbroughttomyattentionanimportantinpatibilitybetweenus—onethatI’dnevernoticedbefore.Despitebeingapairoflifelongtravelers,FelipeandIseldomtravelinasimilarway.TherealityaboutFelipeisthathe’sboththebesttravelerI’veevermetandbyfartheworst.Hehatesstrangebathroomsanddirtyrestaurantsandunfortabletrainsandforeignbeds.Givenachoice,hewillalwaysselectalifestyleofroutine,familiarity,andreassuringlyboringeverydaypractices.Allofwhichmightmakeyouassumethatthemanisnotfittobeatraveleratall.Butyouwouldbewrongtoassumethat,forhereisFelipe’stravelinggift,hissuperpower,thesecretweaponthatmakeshimpeerless.Hecancreateafamiliarhabitatofboringeverydaypracticesforhimselfanyplace,ifyoujustlethimstayinonespot.Hecanassimilateabsolutelyanywhereontheplanetinaboutthreedays,andthenhe’scapableofstayingputinthatplaceforthenextdecadeorsowithoutplaint.ThisiswhyFelipehasbeenabletoliveallovertheworld.Notmerelytravel,butlive.OvertheyearhehasfoldedhimselfintosocietiesfromSouthAmericatoEurope,fromtheMiddleEasttotheSouthPacific.Hearrivessomewheretotallynew,decideshelikestheplace,movesrightin,learnsthelanguage,andinstantlybeesalocal.WhileFelipecanfindacorneranywhereintheworldandsettledownforgood,Ican’t.Iaminfinitelycuriousandalmostinfinitelypatientwithminordisasters,whichmakesmeafarbetterdaytodaytravelerthanhewilleverbe.SoIcangoanywhereontheplanet—that’snotaproblem.TheproblemisIjustcan’tliveanywhereontheplanet.I’drealizedthisonlyafewweeksearlier,backinnorthernLaos,whenFelipehadwokenuponelovelymorninginLuangPrabangandsaid,“Darling,let’sstayhere.”“Sure,”I’dsaid.“Wecanstayhereforafewmoredaysifyouwant.”“No,Imeanlet’smovehere.Let’sforgetaboutmeimmigratingtoAmerica.It’stoomuchtrouble.Thisisawonderfultown.Ilikethefeelingofit.ItremindsmeofBrazilthirtyyearsago.Itwouldn’ttakemuchmoneyoreffortforustorunalittlehotelorshophere,rentanapartment,settlein...”Hewasserious.Hewouldjustdothat.ButIcan’t.24.Theword“inpatibility”(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto“”.A.harmony B.negotiation C.difference D.tension25.Accordingtothewriter,whatisFelipe’stravelinggift?A.Hecanspeakdozensoflanguages.B.Hecanmakehimselfathomeanywhere.C.Hecandecideatfirstsightifhelikestheplace.D.Hecanfindinterestingactivitiesinboringplaces.26.Accordingtothewriter,whyissheabettertravelerthanFelipe?A.Sheismuchmorerestlessthanheis.B.Shecantravelforalongertimethanhecan.C.Sheismorecuriousaboutlocallifethanheis.D.Shecanlivebetterinpoorplacesthanhecan.【答案】24.C25.B26.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与Felipe之间旅行方式上的差异及其适应能力的比较。【24题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Thelastfewmonthshadbroughttomyattentionanimportantinpatibilitybetweenus—onethatI’dnevernoticedbefore.Despitebeingapairoflifelongtravelers,FelipeandIseldomtravelinasimilarway.(过去的几个月让我注意到我们之间一个重要的inpatibility——一个我以前从未注意到的问题。尽管费利佩和我一生都在旅行，但他们很少以相同的方式旅行)”并上下文可知，inpatibility指双方旅行方式不同，存在差异。故inpatibility一词与“difference(差异)”意义最接近。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“He

can

create

a

familiar

habitat

of

boring

everyday

practices

for

himself

anyplace,

if

you

just

let

him

stay

in

one

spot.

He

can

assimilate

absolutely

anywhere

on

the

planet

in

about

three

days,

and

then

he’s

capable

of

staying

put

in

that

place

for

the

next

decade

or

so

without

plaint.(如果只让他呆在一个地方，他就能在任何地方为自己创造一个熟悉的乏味日常习惯。他能在大约三天内完全适应地球上的任何地方，然后他能够在下一个十年左右的时间里安然待在那个地方而毫无怨言)”可知，Felipe的旅行天赋在于他可以在任何地方让自己感到宾至如归。故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Iaminfinitelycuriousandalmostinfinitelypatientwithminordisasters,whichmakesmeafarbetterdaytodaytravelerthanhewilleverbe.SoIcangoanywhereontheplanet—that’snotaproblem.(我对任何事情都充满了无限的好奇心，并且对于小灾难几乎有着无限的耐心，这让我成为了一个比他更好的日常旅行者。所以我可以去地球上的任何地方——这没有问题。)”可知，作者对任何事情都充满了无限的好奇心，并且对于小灾难几乎有着无限的耐心，这让其成为了一个比Felipe更好的日常旅行者。由此可推知，作者比Felipe更加的不安于现状，希望探求的更多。故选A。Forthousandsofyears,theTaklamakanDesertpreservedmorethanthebodiesofthoseburiedinChina’sTarimBasin.Archaeologistsfoundpebblesizedpiecesofayellowishsubstance:theworld’soldestcheese,scatteringaroundthenecksofsomebodiesinXiaohe,aBronzeAgecemetery.Arecentstudy,publishedinCell,analyzestheDNAofthisancientdairy,sheddinglightonhowitwasmadeandhowitsproductionspread.Inapreviousstudy,researcherstooktinysamplesofthe3,500yearoldcheeseattachedtothemummies’necks.AnanalysisofproteinsinthosebitsunveiledthepresenceofLactobacilluskefiranofaciens,amicrobe(发酵菌)usedtoproduceatypeoffermentedcheesecalledkefir.“Thatwasreallyamazing”,saysQiaomeiFu,ascientistatChineseAcademyofSciencesinBeijing.HavingworkedwithancienthumanDNA,shewantedtostudythemicrobe’sDNA.However,extractingpleteDNAfromsuchancientsamplesprovedchallenging,asitbrokedownovertimeandmixedwithgeneticinformationfromtheenvironment.In2014,Fubegandesigningspecialmolecules(分子)thatcouldefficientlycapturethemicrobe’sancientDNAfromthecheese.Afteryearsofwork,Fuandherteammanagedtoreconstruct92percentoftheancientmicrobe’sDNA.Fromthismicrobe’sDNA,theteamcouldexplorethehistoryofthecheese’sproduction.Kefirismadebymixingmilkwithanexistingmicrobe,andasitspread,sodidthemicrobesusedtomakeit.ByparingtheDNAfromtheXiaohecheesewiththatofothers,twobranchesemerged:onefromEuropeandthePacificIslands,andtheotherfromTibetandEastAsia,whichsuggestsapossiblerouteforkefir’sspreadfromXinjiangtoEastAsia,possiblythroughmigration.TheDNAanalysisalsopointedtotheinteractionofancientpeoples.Ituncoveredthatsamplesfromcowsandgoatswerefound.Interestingly,thegoatDNAresembledthatofotherancientCentralAsiangoats,suggestingthemixingofpopulationinXinjiangwithotherBronzeAgepopulations.Researchersanticipatethatfurtheranalysisofmicrobesinthecheese,alongwithotherbiologicalsamples,couldprovidedeeperinsightsintointeractionsbetweenancientpopulations.27.What’sthesignificanceoftheDNAanalysisoftheancientcheese?A.ItreflectsthecivilizationoftheBronzeAge.B.ItprovesChinatobethefirsttoproducedairyproducts.C.ItuncoversthemysteriousburiedbodiesinXiaohecemetery.D.Itrevealsproductionmethodsandtransmissionroutesofthecheese.28.WhatobstacledidFu’steamencounterintheirstudy?A.ThepletesetofDNAwashardtoobtain.B.TheteamlackedworkingexperiencewithDNA.C.Thepreviousstudyprovedtheabsenceofamicrobe.D.ThecheesesampleswereresistanttoDNAextractionmethods.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresearchfindings?A.Ancientpeoplemigratedtypicallywithcowsandgoats.B.Cheeseplayedanessentialroleinancientpeople’sdiets.C.KefiroriginatedinEuropeandspreadtoTibetandEastAsia.D.Kefirwaspossiblyexchangedbetweenpeoplesacrossdifferentregions.30.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.What’sintheOldestCheese?B.CanDNATellSecretsofAncientDiets?C.DidAncientCivilizationsPerfectCheeseMaking?D.HowDidtheOldestCheeseConnectwithCulturalExchange?【答案】27.D28.A29.D30.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于古代奶酪DNA的研究以及研究的有关发现。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“AnanalysisofproteinsinthosebitsunveiledthepresenceofLactobacilluskefiranofaciens,amicrobe(发酵菌)usedtoproduceatypeoffermentedcheesecalledkefir.(对这些碎片中的蛋白质进行的分析揭示了kefiranofaciens乳杆菌的存在，这种微生物用于生产一种名为kefir的发酵奶酪)”以及倒数第二段“Fromthismicrobe’sDNA,theteamcouldexplorethehistoryofthecheese’sproduction.Kefirismadebymixingmilkwithanexistingmicrobe,andasitspread,sodidthemicrobesusedtomakeit.(从这种微生物的DNA中，研究小组可以探索奶酪的生产历史。开菲尔是由牛奶和现有的微生物混合制成的，随着它的传播，用来制作它的微生物也在传播)”可知，古代奶酪的DNA分析揭示了奶酪的生产方法和传播途径。故选D。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“However,extractingpleteDNAfromsuchancientsamplesprovedchallenging,asitbrokedownovertimeandmixedwithgeneticinformationfromtheenvironment.(然而，从如此古老的样本中提取完整的DNA证明是具有挑战性的，因为它会随着时间的推移而分解，并与环境中的遗传信息混合在一起)”可知，傅的团队在他们的研究中发现完整的DNA很难获得。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Kefirismadebymixingmilkwithanexistingmicrobe,andasitspread,sodidthemicrobesusedtomakeit.ByparingtheDNAfromtheXiaohecheesewiththatofothers,twobranchesemerged:onefromEuropeandthePacificIslands,andtheotherfromTibetandEastAsia,whichsuggestsapossiblerouteforkefir’sspreadfromXinjiangtoEastAsia,possiblythroughmigration.(开菲尔是由牛奶和现有的微生物混合制成的，随着它的传播，用来制作它的微生物也在传播。通过将小河奶酪的DNA与其他奶酪的DNA进行比较，出现了两个分支：一个来自欧洲和太平洋岛屿，另一个来自西藏和东亚，这表明开菲尔可能是通过迁徙从新疆传播到东亚的)”可知，开菲尔可能是在不同地区的人们之间交换的。故选D。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Arecentstudy,publishedinCell,analyzestheDNAofthisancientdairy,sheddinglightonhowitwasmadeandhowitsproductionspread.(最近发表在《细胞》杂志上的一项研究分析了这种古老乳制品的DNA，揭示了它是如何制造的，以及它的生产是如何传播的)”结合文章主要介绍了关于古代奶酪DNA的研究以及研究的有关发现。可知，A选项“最古老的奶酪里有什么？”最符合文章标题。故选A。TheHumanSpark“Whatiscivilization?”askedKennethClark50yearsagointheseminalBBCseriesonthesubject.“Idon’tknow,andIcan’tdefineitinabstractterms,yet.ButIthinkIcanrecognizeitwhenIseeit,andI’mlookingatitnow.”Andheturnedtogesturebehindhim,atthesoaringGothictowersandflyingbuttressesofNotreDame(巴黎圣母院).Itseemsinhumantocaremoreaboutabuildingthanaboutpeople.ThatthesightofNotreDamegoingupinflameshasattractedsomuchmoreattentionthanfloodsinsouthernAfricawhichkilledover1,000arousesunderstandablefeelingsofguilt.Yetthewidespread,intensegriefatthesightofthecathedral’scollapsingsteepleisinfactprofoundlyhuman–andinaparticularly21stcenturyway.Itisnotjusttheeconomythatisglobaltoday,itisculturetoo.Peoplewandertheworldinsearchnotjustofjobsandsecuritybutalsoofbeautyandhistory.Familiaritybreedsaffection.Abuildingonwhosesunnystepsyouhaverested,infrontofwhichyouhavetakenaselfiewithyourlovedone,beesawarmpartofyourmemoriesandthusofyourself.Thisvisualagehasendowedbeautywithnewpower,andsocialmediahaveturnedgreatworksofartintosuperstars.Onlyafew,though,haveachievedthisstatus.Justasthereisonlyeverahandfulofworldfamousactors,sothepantheonofgloballyrecognizableculturalsymbolsistiny:theMonaLisa,Michelangelo’sDavid,theTajMahal,theGreatPyramid–andNotreDame.Disaster,too,isvisual.Inthe24hoursafterthefirestarted,videosonsocialmediaoftheburningcathedralwereviewednearlyaquarterofabilliontimes.Yettheemotionsthesightarousedwerelessaboutthebuildingitselfthanaboutwhatlosingitmightmean.NotreDameisanexpressionofhumanityatitscollectivebest.Nobodycouldlookupintothatvaultedceilingwithoutwonderingatthegeniusofthethousandsofanonymouscraftsmenwho,overacenturyandahalf,realizedavisionsograndinitsstructureandsodelicateinitsdetail.Itssurvivalthroughwarandrevolutionconnectsthepresenttothepast.Thefirealsobindspeopletoeachother.Theoutpouringofemotionithasbroughtforthisproofthatweareallinittogether.Whennationalismisarisingthreat,sharedsadnessmakesborderssuddenlyirrelevant;aloveofculturehasthepowertounite.WhenextremismdividesMuslimfromChristianandreligiouspeoplefromnonreligious,thoseofallfaithsandnonearemourningtogether.Anditwillberebuilt.Themorningafterthefire,themanyParisianswhowenttothecathedraltomournitsdestructionfoundfortinstead.Althoughthespireisgone,thetowersarestillstandinganditseemslikelythatthewholebuildingcanberevived.Theefforttorebuildit,likethefire,willbringpeopletogether.Within24hours,€600m($677m)hadbeenraisedfrombusinessesandrichpeople,andarashofcrowdfundingcampaignsstarted.Ahighresolutionlaserscanofthebuilding,carriedoutrecently,shouldhelp.Itwillneverbethesame,butthatisasitshouldbe.AsVictorHugowroteinTheHunchbackofNotreDame,“Greatedifices,likegreatmountains,aretheworkofcenturies.Artisoftentransformedasitisbeingmade...Timeisthearchitect.Thenationisthebuilder.”31.Accordingtotheauthor,______.A.weshouldnotcaremoreaboutabuildingthanwedoaboutpeopleB.it’sunderstandablethatthefloodsinAfricahasattractedmoreattentionC.it’shumanforpeopletofeeldeeplysorryforthedestructionofNotreDameD.peoplearesupposedtofeelguiltyiftheyaremoreconcernedaboutbuildings32.In21stcentury,whatmakegreatworksofartevenmorepopular?A.ThebeautyofartandvalueofcultureB.People’ssearchforjobsandsenseofsecurityC.TheexpressionofhumanityandamazingcraftsmanshipD.Thearrivalofvisualageandpopularityofsocialmedia33.Theauthorbelievesthatculture______.A.isanexpressionofhumanityatitscollectivebestB.arousesemotionsandremindspeoplewhattheyarelosingC.bringspeopletogetherregardlessoftheirnationalityandreligiousbeliefDthreatenstheoutpouringofemotionsandmakespeople’ssadnessirrelevant34.Whichwordcanbestdescribethewriter’sattitudetowardstherebuildingofNotreDame?A.Positive B.Negative C.Neutral D.Concerned【答案】31.C32.D33.C34.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。人类文明延续至今，已经有几千年的历史，正是有了这些伟大艺术的存在，人类才能超越个体的短暂，让精神长存。像巴黎圣母院这样的建筑不仅是法国人民的骄傲，也是全人类的瑰宝。火灾发生后，全世界的人们为巴黎圣母院哀悼，那种广泛深刻的悲痛正是人性深刻的体现。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Itseemsinhumantocaremoreaboutabuildingthanaboutpeople.ThatthesightofNotreDamegoingupinflameshasattractedsomuchmoreattentionthanfloodsinsouthernAfricawhichkilledover1,000arousesunderstandablefeelingsofguilt.Yetthewidespread,intensegriefatthesightofthecathedral’scollapsin