初中定语从句讲解

初中定语从句讲解

2016-09-25

一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的引导词分为：关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等，和关系副词where,when,why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份，不可省略。

1.由who引导的定语从句中，who用作主语，如：Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.

2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.

3.由whose引导的定语从句中，whose用作定语，如：Doyouknowthegirlwhoseskirtiswhite?

4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语。

如：Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop（车间）.

Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean.

Thisisthepenwhichyouwant.

注意 ：

whom,which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。

如：Heistheverypersonwhomwemusttakegoodcareof.

引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that。

如：Ihavelostmybag,whichIlikeverymuch.

(3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，即介词后只能用which,不能用that.

如：ThebookthatIboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.

注意：在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。

先行词是不定代词something,nothing,anything，everything等,

如：AllthatwehavetodoistopractiseEnglish.

先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，

如：ThefirstletterthatIgotfromhimwillbekeptinmycase.

先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰，

如：Ihaveeatenupallthefoodthatyougaveme.

先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时,

如:HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.

先行词既有人又有物时，

如:Theytalkaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.

当句中已有who时,为避免重复，

如：Whoisthemanthatisgivingustheclass?

由when,where,why引导的定语从句，

如:Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.

Thisistheplacewherewehavelivedfor5years.

I'llneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiforthefirsttime.

注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。Thisisthehousewhich/thathehaslivedinfor15years.(wherehehaslivedfor15year.)

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：

（1）限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等，这些关系代词都不可省。

非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句，不影响主句意思的完整性，一般用逗号将其与主句隔开，关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who.

Eg:Ihavetwobrothers,whobotharebothstudents.

如何简化定于从句

定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。

Eg:Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagewhichisfarawayfromhere.

→Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagefarawayfromhere.

定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。

Eg:ThemanwhoisstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.

→ThemanstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.

Isawthehousethatwasburning（燃烧）atthattime.

→Isawthehouseburningatthattime.

定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。

Eg:Iliketoeatthecakeswhicharemadebymymother.

→Iliketoeatthecakesmadebymymother.

定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。

Eg:Sheisalwaysthefirstpersonthatcomestoschool.主动

→Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocometoschool.

Thereportwhichwillbegiventomorrowisveryimportanceforus.被动

→Thereporttobegiventomorrowisveryimportanceforus.

定语从句简化为what从句。

Eg:Icouldn’trememberthewordsthathesaid.

Icouldn’trememberwhathesaid.

练习、I单选题

1.Thesilk_______ismadeinHangzhousellswell.

A.thatB.whoC.whatD./

2.Theman_______todayleftthismessageforyou.

A.calledB.hascalledC.whomcalledD.whocalled

3.Doyoulivenearthebuilding______colorisyellow?

A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.its

4.Hehelpedhisfatheronthefarm______theylived.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

5.I’moneoftheboys_____neverlateforschool.

A.thatisB.whoisC.whoareD.whoam

6.All_____shouldbedonehasbeendone.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whatever

7.Jacktoldmeeverything_______heknewaboutit.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who

8.Myfatherworksinthefactory______thistypeoftruckismade.

A.inwhereB.inwhichC.fromwhichD.ofwhich

9.Theschool_______wevisitedlastweekwasbuiltin1956.

A./B.whereC.thatD.bothAandC

10.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______Ihaveeverseen.

A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.ofthat

11.InfacttheSwede(瑞典人）didnotunderstandthethreequestions_______wereaskedinFrench.

A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which

12.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.

A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which

13.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimplaywithanyone________familywaspoor.

A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose

14.All_______isneededisawonderfulmeal.

A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which

15.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.

A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom

16.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.

A.itB.whichC.thisD.that

II用适当的关系词填空：

1)I’llneverforgetthedayon________theymetfortheveryfirsttimelastsummer.

2)Thisistheplace_________hesooftenmentioned(提及、谈论）tome.

3)Theonlything________interestedhimwasthathecoulddoanything_________hewantedto.

4)“Whatascientist!Whatawonderfulinvention!”hetalkedexcitedlyaboutBillGatesandhisMicrosoftCompany_________isnowafocus(焦点)ofnewspapersandtelevision.

5)Heisold,________factisimportantinthiscase.

6)Finally,thethiefhandedeverything__________hehadstolen.

7)Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons_________wesawthen.

8)With_________wereyoutalking?

9)Thisistheverypresent__________mymothergaveme.10)Theyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandthings________theyareontheirwayhome.

11)Whichisthebike__________ismadeinShanghai?

12)Ithinkthisisthemostbeautifuldress______Iown.

13)Those_______wanttobuythehousemaysigntheirnames(签名）first.

14)Mysis