2024-2025学年高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtection单元语法二-被动语态学案含解析北师大版选修8

PAGEUnit22EnvironmentalProtection单元语法(二)——被动语态[语法图解][语法感悟]单句语法填空1．Thelittlegirlisafraidofbeing_attacked(attack)bythedogs.2．Yourshoesrequiremending/to_be_mended(mend)．3．Theproblemto_be_discussed(discuss)attomorrow'smeetingisverydifficult.4．Nodecisionwill_be_made(make)aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.5．Theysaidthattheproblemwould_be_discussed(discuss)soon.一、谓语动词的被动语态1．被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，一般来说，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态。动作的执行者一般由介词by引起的短语来充当(常省略)。被动语态由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成，常用于下列三种状况：(1)当强调动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时用被动语态。MrWhiteisgreatlyrespectedbyallofus.怀特先生很受我们大家的敬重。(2)当没有必要说出动作的执行者或根本不知道动作的执行者是谁时常用被动语态。PrintingisintroducedintoEuropefromChina.印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。(3)当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时常用被动语态。Thewindowwasbrokenbyastone.那扇窗户是被一块石头打碎的。运用被动语态的状况：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要；突出承受者或礼貌，用被动语态错不了。2．被动语态的构成时态形式例句一般现在时am/is/are＋过去分词Newproblemsaredealtwitheveryday.每天都有新的问题被处理。一般过去时was/were＋过去分词Theseletterswerewrittenin1990.这些信是1990年写的。一般将来时will/shall/begoingto/beto＋be＋过去分词Manytreeswillbeplantednextyear.明年将种很多树。现在进行时am/is/are＋being＋过去分词Thequestionisbeingdiscussedatpresent.问题现在正在被探讨。过去进行时was/were＋being＋过去分词Atthattimetheywerebeingshownhowtoswim.那时他们正在被教如何游泳。现在完成时has/have＋been＋过去分词Boththetowershavealreadybeenrepaired.两个塔都已被修复完毕。过去完成时had＋been＋过去分词Hesaidthatsomebridgeshadbeenwashedaway.他说一些桥已被冲走。将来完成时will/shallhave＋been＋过去分词Thedesignwillhavebeendonebytheendofthisweek.这个设计在本周末会做完。过去将来时would＋be＋过去分词Hesaidthattheplanwouldbecarriedout.他说安排将会被执行。3.下列几类动词作谓语时，用主动形式表被动含义：(1)表示起先、结束类的动词，如start,open,close,finish,stop,end等。Themeetingstartsat8o'clock.会议八点起先。(2)表示主语特征、状态的动词，如read,write,sell,keep,show,play,clean,look,wash,wear,burn,settle等。Thissweaterwasheswell.这件外套很好洗。Thepenwriteswell.这支钢笔很好用。(3)表示运动改变的某些动词，如drive,change,move等。Thetrafficlightchangedgreen.交通灯变绿了。(4)表示主语状态、特征的连系动词，如look,feel,taste,smell,sound等。Thatsoundsterrible.那听起来很可怕。[即学即用1]单句语法填空1．You'vefailedtodowhatyouwere_expected(expect)toandI'mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.2．Thechurchtowerwhichis_being_restored(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.3．Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreementhad_been_reached(reach)．4．Parkeris_being_operated(operate)onbyamostexperienceddoctorinthehospitalnow.5．Thechildhas_been_taken(take)careofbyGrandmaalltheseyears.二、非谓语动词的被动形式1．动词­ing的被动形式(1)当主语是v.­ing形式所表示的动作的对象时，v.­ing形式用被动语态。被动语态有两种形式：being＋过去分词(一般形式)；havingbeen＋过去分词(完成形式)。Hecouldnotbearbeingmadefunoflikethat.他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。Havingbeeninvited,MrLiwenttheretogiveaspeechthoughhewasbusy.李先生受邀去那儿做演讲，尽管很忙，但他还是去了。(2)v.­ing被动形式的语法功能v．­ing的被动形式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。Beingexposedtosunlightfortoomuchtimeisharmfultoyourskin.过多地暴露在阳光下对你的皮肤有害。Hehatesbeinginterrupted.他不情愿被人打断。Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.这个问题远远没有得到解决。Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourteachingbuilding.那栋正在被修理的建筑是我们的教学楼。Havingbeengivensomuchmoney,Ididn'tknowwhattodo.拿到这么多钱，我有些手足无措。IheardthissongbeingsunginEnglishthen.那时，我听到有人在用英语唱这首歌。2．不定式的被动形式(1)当动词不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，要用其被动形式。不定式的被动形式包括一般式(tobedone)和完成式(tohavebeendone)两种形式。Thenextthingtobedoneistocarryawaytheearth.下一步要做的事是把土运走。Noharmseemstohavebeendone.好像并没有造成损害。(2)不定式的被动形式的语法功能不定式的被动形式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。Itisanhonourtobechosenasavolunteer.能被选上做志愿者，真是一件荣幸的事情。Theboyaskedtobegivenanopportunitytotryagain.那个男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。3．主动形式表示被动意义的几种常见结构(1)不定式用于某些动词(have,get,want等)的宾语后作定语，且其逻辑主语与句子的主语一样。We'velotsofdifficultiestoovercomeforthetimebeing.目前我们还有很多困难要克服。Pleaselendmeapentowritewith.请借给我一支笔写字。(2)在“be＋adj.＋不定式”结构中，形容词说明的是不定式表示的动作的特征时，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。Thechairisverycomfortabletositon.这椅子坐着很舒适。(3)在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式动作与疑问词之间存在动宾关系，可用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Whodoyouthinkcantelluswhattodo?你认为谁能告知我们该怎么做？(4)在therebe结构中，主语后的不定式可用主动形式表示被动意义。There'snothingformetodotoday.今日我没什么事情要做。(5)在“be＋adj./adv.＋enough＋不定式”结构中，可用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Thestorywasnotinterestingenoughtopublish.这个故事不够好玩，不足以发表。(6)表示“须要”意义的动词如need,want,require及worth之后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。Hiswatchisoutoforderandneedsrepairing.他的表坏了，须要修理。[即学即用2]单句语法填空1．Theproblemhastobe_dealt(deal)withrightnow.2．Greatattentionwillkeeponbeing_paid(pay)toChina'seconomicgrowthperformancein2024.3．Becauseoffear,manypeopleareafraidofbeing_judged(judge)andputdown.4．Tonywasveryunhappyfornothaving_been_invited(invite)totheparty.5．Whichdriverwasto_blame(blame)fortheaccident？Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theairportto_be_completed(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.2．ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrombeing_attacked(attack)intheSouthChinaSea.3．Thismachineisveryeasyto_operate(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.4．Having_been_asked(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.5．Theoldbuildingneedsrepairing/to_be_repaired(repair)．6．Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,becauseacoldfrontis_expected(expect)toarrive.7．Thenewsuspensionbridgehad_been_designed(design)bytheendoflastmonth.8．Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshave_been_produced(produce)allovertheworld.9．Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatitwas_being_decorated(decorate)．10．Hewasseenbeing_taken(take)awaybythepolice.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Oncethisdifficultyisovercome,otherproblemswillbe_easy_to_solve.攻下这一关，其他问题就好办了。2．Thedoctoradvised_me_to_takemoreexercise.医生叮嘱我多加熬炼。3．Incourt,themandeclared_thathehaddonenothingwron