寒假分层作业09 简单句（原卷版）-2024年八年级英语寒假培优练

PAGEPAGE1限时练习：40min完成时间：月日天气：作业09简单句英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：①基本句型一：S＋Ｖi（主＋谓）②基本句型二：S＋Ｖt＋O（主＋谓＋宾）③基本句型三：S＋LinkＶ＋P（主＋谓＋表）④基本句型四：S＋Ｖt＋IO＋DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）⑤基本句型五：S＋Ｖt＋DO＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）【精讲】(1)基本句型一：Ｓ＋Ｖ（主＋谓）→Ｓ＋Ｖi（主＋谓）此句型有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。Ｓ（主语）Ｖi（不及物动词）句意1Thegirlsaresinginginthemusicroom.那些女孩正在音乐教室唱歌。2Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳在东方升起。3Thebusstopped.公共汽车停了。4Theytalkedforhalfanhour.他们谈了半个小时。★常用的不及物动词（vi.)：stop,dance,sing,look,listen,travel,arrive,run,swim,jump,rise,laugh,cry,fly,come,go,fall等。【精讲】(2)基本句型二:Ｓ＋Ｖ＋O（主＋谓＋宾）→Ｓ＋Ｖt＋DO（主＋谓＋宾）此句型的共同点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。Ｓ（主语）Ｖt（及物动词）O句意1Tomknowstheanswer.汤姆知道答案。2Heismakingacake。他正在做蛋糕。3Heenjoysreading.他喜欢看书。4Iwanttodrinktea.我想喝茶.5IthinkthatTomisright.我认为汤姆是对的。★特殊情况：有的语法认为：主语+不及物的动词+介词+宾语可以构成主谓宾结构。因为不及物动词+介词，相当于及物动词用法。如：（1）Ilistentoyou.(人称代词作宾语）（2）Helooksatadog.(名词作宾语）【精讲】(3)基本句型三：Ｓ＋Ｖ＋Ｐ（主＋谓＋表）→Ｓ＋LinkＶ＋Ｐ（主＋谓＋表）此句型有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：一类表示情况如be,look,sound,smell,taste,stay,feel,keep,seem等；另一类，表示变化如get,grow,become,turn,get等。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。Ｓ（主语）LinkＶ（连系动词）P（表语）句意1Thisisabook.（名词）这是一本书。2Thefishsmellsgood.（形容词）这鱼肉闻起来不错。3Sheseemsunhappy.（形容词）她似乎不开心。4Autumnleavesturnbrown.（形容词）秋天的树叶变成棕褐色。5Mydreamistobeadoctor.（不定式）我的梦想是当一名医生。★本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成。系动词有:（1）表示特征和存在状态的：be,seem,feel,look,smell,taste,sound;（2）表示状态延续的：stay,keep（3）表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow【精讲】(4)基本句型四:Ｓ＋Ｖt＋IO＋DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）此句型有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动的直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作的间接承受者（多指人）。Ｓ（主语）Ｖt（及物动词））IO（间接宾语，常为人）DO（直接宾语，常为物）1Motherismakingmeanewdress.2Heboughthissonanewbike.3Theyofferedusmuchhelp.4Iamshowinghimmyphotos.5Jacktellsusfunnystories.★当这一间接承受者放在直接承受者之后时，要用一个介词（for或to）来连接。可以用于这种句式动词主要有：(A)buy/build/catch/cut/choose/cook/find/get/keep/make/draw/do【用for】如：Heboughtmeanewbike.也可以改为forsb.的句式=Heboughtanewbikeforme.(B)give/take/send/bring/teach/show/tell/pay/write/read/sell/lend/pass/return/throw/offer/hand【用to】如：Shelentmeabook.也可以改为tosb.的句式=Shelentabooktome.(C)provide【用for,with】:providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.注意：当两宾语都为代词时，必须用介词把人放后面。Eg：Pleasegiveittome.【精讲】(5)基本句型五:S＋Ｖ＋DO＋OC→S＋Ｖt＋DO＋OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整，补足语说明宾语的状态或情况或动作由宾语去执行，宾语补足语能是：形容词、名词、动词不定式或现在分词短语等。Ｓ（主语）Ｖt（及物动词））DO（直接宾语）OC(宾语补足语）1IfindEnglisheasy.(形容词)2Tomoftenmakesushappy.(形容词)3IthinkKateaclevergirl.(名词短语)3Tomoftenmakesuslaugh.(不定式)4Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.(不定式)5WecallherXiaoLi.(名词)8Isawthemdancing.(现在分词短语)★可以用于这种句式的动词主要有:(A)let/have/makesb.dosth.(B)ask/want/tell/allow/wish/get/expect/encourage/invite/teachsb.todosth.(C)find/see/hear/watch/notice/feelsb.dosth./sb.doingsth.(D)helpsb.(to)dosth(E)find/keep/think/make/leave/wish+宾语+形容词或名词性短语(作宾补)一、单项选择1．Whatisthecorrectsentencestructureof“Johnplaysfootballeveryday”?A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+O D．S+V+P2．DuFushowedhiscaretofarmersinhispoemHappyRainonaSpringNight.句子结构是________。A．主语+及物动词+宾语 B．主语+系动词+表语 C．主语+及物动词+双宾语3．下列句子是“主语+及物动词+宾语”结构的是________。A．Ilikeplayingtennis.B．Youcanaskhimtohelpyou.C．Thecomputerisonthedesk.4．Couldyoutellushowtokeephealthy?该句句子结构是。A．主语+系动词+表语B．主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语C．主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5．Thesentencestructure(结构)of“Teachersoftenaskustoreadmore.”is________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC6．“Thosesweetmemoriesofsummerdaysareaboutquietstreamsandtreesandshade.”Thissentencestructureis________.A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC7．“TheythinkJohnthebeststudent.”Thesentencestructureis________.A．S+VB．S+V+PC．S+V+IO+DOD．S+V+DO+OC8．There________acartoonfestivalinShanghainextSaturday.A．isgoingtohave B．willhave C．have D．isgoingtobe9．Thesentencestructureof“Mikeboughtmeatoy.”is________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P10．—Shallwegotothemuseumnow?—It’s5:30p.m.now.I’mafraidthemuseum______after5:30p.m.everyday.A．opens B．isopen C．closes D．isclosed11．Thestructureofthesentence“Allofusshouldmakeourcountystrongerandstronger.”is________.A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+OC12．Thesentencestructureof“EddieiswatchingHobowork.”is________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC13．Laughingcanmakepeoplewhoareupsetfeelalittlebetter.句子结构是________。A．主语+及物动词+宾语 B．主语+系动词+表语 C．主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语14．“Mymotherboughtmeanicenotebook.”Thestructureofthesentenceis________.A．S+V+DO+OC B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O D．S+V+P15．Theshoppingmall________at8a.m.andit________forfourteenhourseveryday.A．opens;opens B．isopen;isopen C．opens;isopen D．isopen;opens二、完型填空Oncethereweretwoneighborslivingnexttoeachother.Oneofthemwasaretired(退休的)teacherandtheotherwasanengineer.16ofthemplantedthesameplantsintheirgardens.Theretiredteacherwasgivingasmallamount(数量)ofwater17hisplantsandhedidn’talwaysgiveafullattentiontothem.18theotherneighborwasinterestedintechnology(科技):gavealotofwatertohisplants.He19themtoowell.Oneday,astorm(暴风雨)startedsuddenly20thenight.Thenextmorning,theengineerwas21toseethathisplantscameofffromtheroots(根).Buttheretiredteacher’splantswereverywell.Theengineerwenttotheretiredteacherandasked,“Webothgrewthe22plantstogether.Ilookedaftermyplants23thanyoudidforyours,andevengavethemmorewater.Still,myplantscameofffromtheroots,whileyoursdidn’t.Howisthat

24?”Theretiredteachersmiledandsaid,“Yougaveyourplantsmoreattentionandwater,butbecauseofthattheydidn’tneedtowork25forwater.Youmadeiteasyforthem.WhileIgavethemjustproper(恰当的)waterand26theirrootssearch(寻找)formore.Andtheirrootswentdeeperanddeeper,whichmadethem27.”Thisstoryisaboutparentingwherechildrenarelikeplants28everythingisgiventothem,theywillnotunderstandthehardworkittakestohavethosethings.Teachthem29towalk,butletthemgotheirownway.Sometimesit’sbesttoguidetheminsteadof(而不是)30them.16．A．None B．All C．Both D．Neither17．A．at B．to C．in D．on18．A．But B．For C．Or D．So19．A．tookoff B．grewup C．lookedafter D．turnedon20．A．during B．between C．into D．from21．A．famous B．lucky C．glad D．surprised22．A．rich B．close C．different D．same23．A．worse B．better C．smaller D．less24．A．possible B．physical C．popular D．terrible25．A．itself B．yourself C．myself D．themselves26．A．let B．print C．travel D．solve27．A．quieter B．shyer C．funnier D．stronger28．A．And B．Though C．If D．Until29．A．why B．who C．what D．how30．A．discussing B．digging C．giving D．touching三、阅读理解Havingahobbyisagreatwayforyoutofeelhappyandmeetnewpeople.Infact,therearelotsofhobbiesthataregoodforyou.Hobbiesaresimplyanythingyoudothat’sforfun.Youaren’tgettingpaidtodoit;it’ssomethingyouliketodowithyourfreetime.ForalotofpeoplethesedaysitseemsliketheironlyleisureactivitiesarewatchingtelevisionandstayingontheInternet.That’sapity,becausehobbies—fromrockclimbingtocollectingsomething—canhaverealbenefits.Hobbiesoftenprovidesomethingthatyoumightnotgetinyoureverydaylife.Theyallowyoutodosomethingthat’sjustforyou,andtheycanhelpyouforgetyourdailyproblemsandgiveyoualotofpleasure.Ifyoucanfindlike-mindedpeopleinyourarea,goingoutsidecanalsobeagreatwaytomeetnewpeopleandexperiencenewadventures.Ifyouareaddinganewthingintoyourlife,youhavetotaketimeandfocusawayfromsomethingelse.Thegoodnewsisthatmostofushavealotoftimewearenotusingwell,eitherbecausewearespendingalotoftimeonlineorwatchingTVorjustwastingtimewecouldbespendingonourhobbies.Ofcourseeveryoneisdifferentandyourpersonalitydoesplayaroleinwhatsortsofhobbiesyou’lllike.Maybeyoureallylikehangingoutwithfriends,soyouneedtotakeaclassorhaveaninterestthatyoucandowithagroup.Ifyoutravelalot,somethingthatyoucandoanywhereishelpful;ifyou’reahomebodyyoumightlovetobesurroundedbyacoolcollection.Thetruthisthatyoumaynothittheperfectactivityforyourightoutofthegate,butyoucanhavealotoffuntryingoutnewthingsandexploringwhat’soutthere.Dosomewebsearches,visitthelibrary;don’tbeafraidtotrynewthings,andsoonyou’llhaveahobbythatprovidesyouwithalotoffunandstressrelief,too.31．Whichofthefollowinghobbiesisgoodforyouaccordingtothewriter?A．Watchingtelevision. B．StayingontheInternet.C．Rockclimbing. D．Goingoutalot.32．Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsus______.A．whyhobbiesareimportantB．whathobbiesactuallyareC．hobbieshelpyouforgetproblemsD．hobbieshelpyouexperiencenewadventures33．Ifyoulikestayingathome,asahobbyyouhadbetter______.A．spendalotoftimeonlineB．watchalotofTVC．takeaclassorjoininagroupD．collectsomethingyoulike34．Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“hit”inthelastparagraphissimilarto______.A．pickup B．runinto C．findout D．turnto35．Inthepassagethewritermainlysuggeststhatwe