2024年广东省梅州市某中学高考英语质检试卷（含详细答案解析）

2024年广东省梅州市兴宁一中高考英语质检试卷

一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。

A

Ifyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,science,orculture,thenaninternship（实习）at

UNESCOwillbeidealforyou.

Whocanapply?

Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies；oryouarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster's

degree.

Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.

Whataretherequirements?

Youmustbeatleast20yearsold.

Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench.

Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.

Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment.

Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.

Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?

Visa：Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas.

Travel：Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship.

Medicalinsurance：Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid（有效的）inthetarget

countryfortheentireperiodoftheintemship.UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,

000fortheinternshipperiod.

Medicalcertificate：Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork.

Motivationletter：Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.Your

applicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths.Wedonotrespond

toeverycandidate.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsix

months,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.

1.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.

A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscience

B.haveinternationalworkexperience

C.befluentineitherEnglishorFrench

D.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution

2.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod?

A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage.

B.Trainingincommunicationskills.

C.Amedicalcertificateforwork.

D.Financialsupportfortravel.

3.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform?

A.ContactUNESCOmanagers.B.Getaccesstothedatabase.

C.Keepamotivationletterathand.D.Workinateamforsixmonths.

B

Myfriendneverdidwellinschoolbutalwayshadasharpeyeforbeauty.OnedayIwasbusyarrangingsome

flowersinavasebutjustcouldn'tgetthemtolookright.Shecamealong,andwithafewskillfulwavesofher

hand,transformedthemintoastunningbouquet.Whenpraisedforhavingthisamazingability,sheshruggedoff

thecompliment.Shesimplydidn'tviewhercreativityasanythingspecial.

Toooftenweunderestimateourowntalentsinthisway.Maybeit'sbecausewe'vebecomeusedtobelievingthat

onlyabilitieslikeahighI.Q.,agiftformathematicsoralargevocabularyhavecognitive（认知的）value.Iwas

fortunatetolearnotherwiseatayoungage.

WhenIenteredhighschool,aguidancecounselortoldmymotherIwasn*tcollegematerialbecauseIhad

performedmiserablyonthespellingsectionofastandardizedtest.Thankfullymymotherrecognizedmyother

intellectual（智力的）giftsandstoodupforme,insistingIbeputintothecollege-trackcurriculum.This

experienceliterallydefinedthecourseofmylife.ltshowedmehowimportantitisnottoacceptalabelsomeone

elseputonmeanditallowedmetorealizemyfullpotential.

Intheearly1980,s,HowardGardner,aprominentHarvardresearcher,pioneeredaconceptof"multiple

intelligences".Inhisbook,FramesofMind：TheTheoryofMultipleIntelligences,hesuggestedthatintelligence

isnotlimitedtoatraditionalinterpretationbutinsteadincludesawiderangeofcognitiveabilities.

WhatIloveaboutthemultipleintelligencestheoryisthatitallowsyoutoreframeyourownabilitiesandtalents,

especiallythosethatdon'tnecessarilyfitintoneatacademicboxes.Whileit'strueonemustmeetabasiclevelof

intelligenceforachievement,theanalyticalskillsmeasuredbyI.Q.donottellthewholestory.Thisiswhywe

shouldcelebrateallofourtalentsandabilities.They*repartofwhatmakesyourindividualbrainsowonderfuland

unique.

4.Whoseabilityisprobablyunderestimatedaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Achildwhohasalargevocabulary.

B.AchildwhoisgoodatbuildingLegoblocks.

C.Achildwhohasaneasytimelearninghowtomultiply.

D.Achildwhoquicklyfitsintoacademiclearningprocess.

5.Whatdoes"otherwise"underlinedinparagraph2referto?

A.Itsuitedmewelltotakecollege-trackcourses.

B.Intelligencecanbeinterpretedbyvariousabilities.

C.Spellingabilityinastandardizedtestisofgreatvalue.

D.AhighI.Q.makesnosenseinrealizingmyfullpotential.

6.WhydidtheauthormentionHowardGardner'sbook?

A.Tointroduceanewtopic.B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Torecommendthebook.D.Tosupporthisopinion.

7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ChangeYourCognitiveValue

B.DevelopYourAcademicAbility

C.AppreciateYourMultipleIntelligences

D.ExploretheTheoryofMultipleIntelligences

c

WhenAmericananthropologistColinTurnbullpublishedTheMountainPeoplein1972,hereferredtohis

subjects一aUgandangroupcalledtheIk一as"thelovelesspeople."Aftertwoyearsofobservations,hedecided

thattheyreflectedhumanity'sbasicinstincts：cheat,thievery,andpitilessness.ButwhenAthenaAktipisandher

colleaguesfromtheHumanGenerosityProjecttookadeeperlook,theyidentifiedacommunitythatshared

everything.''TurnbullhadvisitedUgandaduringadisastrousfamine（饥荒）.Allhesawiswhathappenswhen

peoplearestarving."saysAktipis.Butherteamrevealedthatdespitelivingunderpressure,theIkplacedahigh

valueonhelpingoneanotherwhentheycould.

Aktipisbelievesthataltruismismorecommonandbeneficialthanevolutionarysocialsciencehaslongthought.HIt

wasassumedthatpeoplearedesignedtoonlydothingstohelpthemselvesortheirrelatives.'1shesays.Bystudying

theunique,selflesspracticesthathelpedninecommunitiesacrosstheworldtocontinuetoexist,theexpertsfrom

theProjectarelookingtoshowthatweareindeedcapableofwidespreadcooperation.

TheMaasaipeopleinKenyaprovideoneoftheprojectsmainpoints.Theyrelyontwo-wayfriendshipsfor

resourceslikefoodorwaterwhenthey'reinneed,withoutexpectinganyrepayment.Also,aworldaway,in

NewMexico,whilefolksoftenhelptransportcattleandreceivesupportinreturn,theywillassistwithout

repaymentifsomeonefacesdifficulties,suchasaninjuryorthedeathofalovedone.

Aktipisbelievestheoreticalframeworksshe'sperfectedthroughstudyingthesegroupscanapplybroadlytoany

interdependentsystems.Herbiggoalistodesignsocial-servicesystemsthatsupporteveryone.Takemarket-based

insuranceintheUnitedStatesasanexample：It'spricedbasedonindividualriskfactorssuchashealthhistories

andwherepeoplelive,whichmeansmillionsofAmericanscan'taffordit.Butinasystembuiltonneighboring,

pooled（合并）costswouldleveltheburdenduringcollectivehardshiplikenaturaldisastersandpandemics.

8.WhatdidTurnbullthinkoftheIkpeople?

A.Heartless.B.Helpful.C.Restless.D.Generous.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"altruism"inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Tryingtobestrongandtoughtosurvive.

B.Makingfulluseofthesurroundingresources.

C.Beingdevotedtothemselvesortheirrelatives.

D.Caringabouttheneedsandhappinessofothers.

10.Whatdoesparagraph3intendtoconvey?

A.Friendshipsguaranteeawell-beinglife.

B.Folksassisteachothertogetsupport.

C.Cooperationisagoodandnaturalinstinct.

D.Peopletendtoprovideresourcesforfree.

11.HowdoesAktipisintendtoapplyherfindings?

A.Bydesigningapolicyforpublichealth.

B.Bymonitoringindividualhealthhistories.

C.Bycreatingasystemagainstcollectivehardship.

D.Byloweringinsurancepricesforindividualvictims.

D

Ourspecies*incrediblecapacitytoquicklyacquirewordsfrom300byage2toover1,000byage4isn'tfully

understood.Somecognitivescientistsandlinguistshavetheorizedthatpeoplearebomwithbuilt-inexpectations

andlogicalconstraints（约束）thatmakethispossible.Now,however,machine-learningresearchisshowing

thatpreprogrammedassumptionsaren*tnecessarytoswiftlypickupwordmeaningsfromminimaldata.

Ateamofscientistshassuccessfullytrainedabasicartificialintelligencemodeltomatchimagestowordsusing

just61hoursofnaturalisticfootage（镜头）andsound一previouslycollectedfromachildnamedSamin2013

and2014.Althoughit'sasmallsliceofachild'slife,itwasapparentlyenoughtoprompttheAItofigureoutwhat

certainwordsmean.

Thefindingssuggestthatlanguageacquisitioncouldbesimplerthanpreviouslythought.MaybechildrenHdon'tneed

acustom-built,high-classlanguage-specificmechanismntoefficientlygraspwordmeanings,saysJessica

Sullivan,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatSkidmoreCollege."Thisisareallybeautifulstudy,"shesays,

becauseitoffersevidencethatsimpleinformationfromachild'sworldviewisrichenoughtokick-startpattern

recognitionandwordcomprehension.

Thenewstudyalsodemonstratesthatit'spossibleformachinestolearnsimilarlytothewaythathumansdo.Large

languagemodelsaretrainedonenormousamountsofdatathatcanincludebillionsandsometimestrillionsofword

combinations.Humansgetbyonordersofmagnitudelessinformation,saysthepapefsleadauthorWaiKeen

Vong.Withtherighttypeofdata,thatgapbetweenmachineandhumanlearningcouldnarrowdramatically.

Yetadditionalstudyisnecessaryincertainaspectsofthenewresearch.Forone,thescientistsacknowledgethat

theirfindingsdon'tprovehowchildrenacquirewords.Moreover,thestudyonlyfocusedonrecognizingthewords

forphysicalobjects.

Still,it'sasteptowardadeeperunderstandingofourownmind,whichcanultimatelyhelpusimprovehuman

education,saysEvaPortelance,acomputationallinguisticsresearcher.ShenotesthatAIresearchcanalsobring

claritytolong-unansweredquestionsaboutourselves."Wecanusethesemodelsinagoodway,tobenefitscience

andsociety,"Portelanceadds.

12.Whatisasignificantfindingofmachine-learningresearch?

A.Vocabularyincreasesgraduallywithage.

B.Vocabularycanbeacquiredfromminimaldata.

C.Languageacquisitionistiedtobuilt-inexpectations.

D.Languageacquisitionisascomplexasformerlyassumed.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prompt"inparagraph2mean?

A.Facilitate.B.Persuade.C.Advise.D.Expect.

14.Whatisdiscussedaboutthenewresearchinparagraph5?

A.Itslimitations.B.Itsstrengths.

C.Itsuniqueness.D.Itsprocess.

15.WhatisEvaPortelance'sattitudetotheAIresearch?

A.Doubtful.B.Cautious.C.Dismissive.D.Positive.

二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。

AfterbuildingsomeMstandarducargobikes,(1),thistimewithsomethingveryspecial.Iwantedto

buildanidealcargobikecombiningthestabilityofathree-wheelerwiththepossibilitytochangedirectionslike

beingontwowheels.

Thefirststepwastodoextensiveresearch(2).Anincrediblesourceoftechnicalinspirationwasthe

onlineTiltingGroup.Althoughprimarily-concernedwithtilting(倾斜)conceptsofenginedriven

constructions,thegroupissurelythebestplacetofindinformationaboutconstructingatilter.

Afterresearchingandoutliningafewideas,Igrabbedsomepartsandstartedwithaverysimpleprototype(雏

形).Buildingsuchavehicleneedsahighdegreeofaccuracy,whichwasnotthecasewithmyprototype(3)

.SoImadeafewmoresketches(草图),whichledtoanimprovedversionofthedrivingandtilting

mechanism.

ThenIstartedbuildingthetricycle.Buildingthestructurewasquitestraightforward.AsusualItookanoldbike

apartforthebacktriangleandthenaddedthefrontpart.Afteraddingacargobaskettothestructure,(4)

Nowcamethehardpart：thedrivingmechanism.Istartedwiththeusualdesignusedfortwo-wheelcargobikes,

butittookmequitesometimetofigureouthowtopassthedrivingforcetobothwheelswithoutallowingthe

wholethingtolockitselfinanyangle(5),butI'msureIcanusetheknowledgeIgainedonewayor

another.

A.Theprojectwasdemanding

B.Idecidedtogetmyhandsdirtyagain

C.Ifellinlovewiththree-wheelerbikes

D.Iputallthepartstogetherforthefirsttime

E.Ittookmequitesometimetounderstandtheideasbehindit

F.Theenginedrivenconstructionswerealwaysthemostdifficulttofix

D.Theconsequencewasthatthedrivingmechanismlockeditselfoccasionally

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinnorthwesternChina,Ihadthekind

ofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful(1)withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.A

youngChineseman(2)meonthetrain.My(3)friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soI

happilytookthe(4)topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad(5)atwoyearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfind

ajob(6)highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost(7).however,wasthe

factthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould(8)

atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican(9)asa

whole.nAndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?nI(10)himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto(11)myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmore

thanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,(12),andadmirableperson

preventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he(13)mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom

(14)withanopenmind,andawillingnessto(15)withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.

21.A.experimentB.encounterC.competitionD.appointment

22.A.treatedB.savedC.lecturedD.approached

23.A.trueB.so-calledC.newD.long-lost

24.A.chanceB.adviceC.troubleD.right

25.A.visitedB.financedC.attendedD.founded

26.A.buildingB.sweepingC.checkingD.guarding

27.A.typicalB.obviousC.naturalD.remarkable

28.A.publishB.quoteC.copyD.download

29.A.writersB.historiansC.workersD.students

30.A.anticipateB.imagineC.recallD.catch

31.A.lookintoB.relyonC.gooverD.dealwith

32.A.well-behavedB.multi-skilledC.warm-heartedD.self-educated

33.A.askedB.warnedC.showedD.promised

34.A.travelingB.readingC.searchingD.teaching

35.A.cooperateB.sideC.negotiateD.engage

四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。

36.TheYinxuMuseumopensinAnyang,Henanprovince,todisplaythebrillianceofthe3,000-year-old

Shangcivilization.

Nearly4,000unearthedculturalrelicsaredisplayedinthemuseum.Morethanthreequartersofthesehavenever

been(1)(public)exhibitedbefore.The23vehiclesunearthedfromYinxuarethe(2)

(highlight)inthenewgalleries.Alsoondisplay(3)(be)Shangrelicscollectedfromacrossthe

restofpresent-dayChina.

TheYinxuRuins,(4)(list)asaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2006,hostedalaterperiod

Shangcapitalcity.Thesitealsoproducedrichfindingsof3,300-year-oldbones,(5)(reveal)the

oldest-knownestablishedwritingsystemofChinesecharacters,(6)areextraordinaryandserveasa

vitallinkinthedevelopmentoftheChinesenation.

Manykeybreakthroughs(7)(make)inrecentyearsattheYinxusiteanditssurroundingareas.For

example,(8)urbanroadsystemandtheremainsofanartificiallakeintheroyaltempleareawere

found.

Thesediscoveriesfurtherdisplayedagrandpictureofacapitalcity(9)carriedforwardtheprojectof

trackingtheoriginsoftheChinesecivilization.Throughtheexhibits,thepubliccancomprehensivelyunderstand

theachievementsmadebytheShangDynastyinterms(10)politics,economy,agriculture,military

affairs,amongothers.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。

37.又到凤凰花开时，又是一年毕业季。你校英文报正在举行以“校园最美瞬间”为主题的征文活动，请你按

照以下要点写一篇短文投稿：

(1)你的回忆；

(2)你的感受。

注意：

(1)写作词数应为80左右；

(2)请按如下格式作答。

TheMostBeautifulMomentonCampus

38.EveryOctober,myneighborhoodhasaHalloweencostumecontest.AndeveryOctober,myneighborOllie

andIracetotheannouncementboardintheparktofindoutthetheme.Oneyear,thethemewas"Dressupasyour

favoritebookcharacter."Anotheryear,itwas"Besomethingscary."Butthisyear,thethemewaskindof,

well,themeless.

"Becreative?”Isaid,readingtheannouncementboard."That'snotreallyatheme,isit?”

Olliehoppedoffhisskateboardstogetacloserlook."You'reright,“heagreed.nIthinkmyfavoritethemeever

was'Superheroes'.IlovedmySuper-ForceFlyingEaglescostumesomuch,Ikeptthatthinghanginginmycloset

foryears!"

“Myfavoritethemewas'FarmAnimals'.nIgiggled."RememberhowyouinsistedonbeingaStegosaurus(剑J

龙)？”

"WhenIwasfive,dinosaursweremyworld."Ollielaughed."IwouldhavelovedtoseeaStegosaurusoutgrazing

withthecows."

nNowthat*sthecreativespiritweneedforthischallenge!"Isaid."Maybe,sincewedon'tknowexactlywhatwe

wanttobeyet,weshouldstartbychoosingsomecoolcostume-makingmaterials."

"I'vegotit!"Olliesaid,scoopingupabunchoffallenleaves.

"Really?”Isaid."You'regoingtomakeanentirecostumeoutofleaves?"

nWhynot?"hesaid,scoopingupsomemore.

"They'retotallyfree,andIcanguarantee,noonewillbeatreeasgreatasme."

nDon'tyoumean,atreeasgreataswe?"Igrinned.

"Um,first,thatgrammardoesn'tsoundright,"saidOllie."Andsecond,noway!Thinkofyourowncreative

ideas."

"Aw,comeon,"Isaid."YoushouldbeflatteredthatIlikeyourideasomuch.Plus,Ijustthoughtoftheperfect

waytomakebranches."

Finally,OlliesaidOK.

注意：

(1)续写词数应为150左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph1：

Weendedupfillingtwojumbobagswithdifferentkindsofleaves.

Paragraph2：

Thenthebigmomentcame.___

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、A、C

【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据Whataretherequirements?部分的Youshouldhaveagoodcommand

（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench（你应该精通英语或法语）可知，申请者必须精通英语或法语。故选

Co

（2）A.细节理解题。根据Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?部分的UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurance

coverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod（联合国教科文组织将为实习期间提供不超过3万美元

的有限保险）可知，教科文组织为实习期间提供有限的医疗保险。故选A。

（3）C.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingoutthe

applicationform（在填写申请表之前，你应该准备好你的动机信）可知，在填写申请表之前，申请人应将

动机信放在手边。故选C。

本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是联合国教科文组织的实习项目。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔

细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌

胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

4~7.【答案】B、B、B、C

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段

Maybeit'sbecausewe'vebecomeusedtobelievingthatonlyabilitieslikeahighI.Q.,

agiftformathematicsoralargevocabularyhavecognitive（认知的）value.（也许这是因为我们已经习惯于

相信，只有高智商、数学天赋或大词汇量等能力才具有认知价值。）和第一段的

"hesimplydidn'tviewhercreativityasanythingspecial.（她只是不认为自己的创造力有什么特另ll的。）可

知，一个擅长搭乐高积木的孩子并不是我们习惯上认知的在学习方面很有才能的孩子，他有着自己独特的

创造力，他的能力很可能被人们低估了。故选B。

（2）词句猜测题。根据第三段

Itshowedmehowimportantitisnottoacceptalabelsomeoneelseputonmeanditallowedmetorealizemyfull

potential.（它告诉我，不接受别人给我的标签是多么重要，它让我意识到我的全部潜力。）和第四段

Inhisbook,FramesofMind：TheTheoryofMultipleIntelligences,

hesuggestedthatintelligenceisnotlimitedtoatraditionalinterpretationbutinsteadincludesawiderangeofcogni

tiveabilities.（在他的《思维框架：多元智能理论》一书中，他提出，智能不局限于传统的解释，而是包括

广泛的认知能力。）并结合划线词所在句Iwasfortunatetolearnotherwiseatayoungage.（幸运的是，我在

很小的时候就学会了otherwise。）可知，作者很小就懂得了智力不是只局限于传统的学习方面的能力，而

是可以用各种能力来诠释的。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据第四段Intheearly1980's,HowardGardner,aprominentHarvardresearcher,

pioneeredaconceptof"multipleintelligences".（20世纪80年代初，哈佛大学著名研究员HowardGardner率

先提出了"多元智能"的概念。）及在书中阐述的Inhisbook,FramesofMind：

TheTheoryofMultipleIntelligences,

hesuggestedthatintelligenceisnotlimitedtoatraditionalinterpretationbutinsteadincludesawiderangeofcogni

tiveabilities.（在他的《思维框架：多元智能理论》一书中，他提出，智能不局限于传统的解释，而是包括

广泛的认知能力。）可知，作者提到HowardGardener的书是为了阐明“多元智能”的概念。

A.Tointroduceanewtopic.弓［入一个新的话题；B.Toclarifyaconcept.澄清一个概念；

C.Torecommendthebook.推荐这本书；D.Tosupporthisopinion.来支持他的观点。故选B。

（4）标题归纳题。根据最后一段

WhatIloveaboutthemultipleintelligencestheoryisthatitallowsyoutoreframeyourownabilitiesandtalents,

especiallythosethatdon'tnecessarilyfitintoneatacademicboxes.（我喜欢多元智能理论的原因是，它可以让

你重新构建自己的能力和天赋，尤其是那些不一定符合整齐的学术框架的能力和天赋。）及

Thisiswhyweshouldcelebrateallofourtalentsandabilities.They'repartofwhatmakesyourindividualbrainso

wonderfulandunique.（这就是为什么我们应该赞美我们所有的天赋和能力，它们是让你的大脑如此美妙和

独特的原因之一。）以及全文内容可知，本文主要表达了我们应该欣赏和赞美所拥有的各种天赋和能力的

观点，C.AppreciateYourMultipleIntelligences"欣赏你的多元智能"符合文意。故选C。

本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历，表达了自己的观点：虽然一个人智力水平和学术成绩很重

要，但这并不能说明一切，我们应该欣赏和赞美我们所拥有的各种天赋和能力，它们是让我们的大脑如此

美妙和独特的原因之一。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限

的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、

观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感

情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题

干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了

阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节

的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不

能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认

识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文

等线索确定词义。

8~11.【答案】A、D、C、C

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中WhenAmericananthropologistColinTurnbullpublishedThe

MountainPeoplein1972,hereferredtohissubjects一aUgandangroupcalledtheIk一as"thelovelesspeople."

（当美国人类学家ColinTurnbull在1972年出版TheMountainPeople时，他把他的研究对象——一个叫做

Ik的乌干达群体一一称为“无爱的人”）可知，Turnbull认为Ik人很无情，故选A。

（2）词义猜测题。根据第一段末句Butherteamrevealedthatdespitelivingunderpressure,theIkplaceda

highvalueonhelpingoneanotherwhentheycould.（但她的团队透露，尽管生活在压力之下，但Ik人非常重

视在可能的情况下互相帮助）及划线词下文Itwasassumedthatpeoplearedesignedtoonlydothingstohelp

themselvesortheirrelatives.（人们被认为只会做有利于自己或亲人的事情）可知划线词所在句意为"Aktipis

认为，利他主义比进化社会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有益”，altruism意为”关心他人的需求和幸福

"oA.Tryingtobestrongandtoughtosurvive.努力变得坚强和坚韧来生存；B.Makingfulluseofthe

surroundingresources.充分利用周边资源；C.Beingdevotedtothemselvesortheirrelatives.对他们自己或他们

的亲属忠诚；D.Caringabouttheneedsandhappinessofothers.关心他人的需求和幸福。故选D。

（3）段落大意题。根据第三段TheMaasaipeopleinKenyaprovideoneoftheproject'smainpoints.Theyrely

ontwo-wayfriendshipsforresourceslikefoodorwaterwhenthey'reinneed,withoutexpectingany

repayment.Also,aworldaway,inNewMexico,whilefolksoftenhelptransportcattleandreceivesupportin

return,theywillassistwithoutrepaymentifsomeonefacesdifficulties,suchasaninjuryorthedeathofaloved

one.（肯尼亚的马赛人提供了该项目的主要观点之一。当他们需要食物或水等资源时，他们依靠双向友

谊，而不期望任何回报。另外，在另一个世界的新墨西哥州，虽然人们经常帮助运输牲畜并获得支持作为

回报，但如果有人遇到困难，比如亲人受伤或死亡，他们会无偿提供帮助）可知，本段旨在通过两个例子

表明，合作是一种良好而自然的本能，故选C。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中Aktipisbelievestheoreticalframeworksshe'sperfectedthroughstudying

thesegroupscanapplybroadlytoanyinterdependentsystems.Herbiggoalistodesignsocial-servicesystemsthat

supporteveryone.Takemarket-basedinsuranceintheUnitedStatesasanexample：It*spricedbasedonindividual

riskfactorssuchashealthhistoriesandwherepeoplelive,whichmeansmillionsofAmericanscan*taffordit.But

inasystembuiltonneighboring,pooled（合并）costswouldleveltheburdenduringcollectivehardshiplike

naturaldisastersandpandemics.（Aktipis认为，她通过研究这些群体而完善的理论框架可以广泛应用于任何

相互依赖的系统。她的大目标是设计支持所有人的社会服务系统。以美国基于市场的保险为例：它的定价

基于个人风险因素，如健康史和人们居住的地方，这意味着数百万美国人负担不起。但在一个建立在相邻

基础上的系统中，在自然灾害和流行病等集体困难时期，集中成本将会拉平负担。）可知，Aktipis打算通

过建立一个对抗集体困难的制度来应用她的发现，故选C。

这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述AthenaAktipis通过研究一个乌干达群体Ik人发现，他们非常重视互相帮

助，Aktipis认为利他主义比进化社会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有益，可以通过合作建立一个对抗集

体困难的制度。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的

时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观

点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情

基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干

以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅

读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的

暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能

就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不