病毒的基本性状Basiccharacteristicsofviruses讲解

病毒的基本性状Basiccharacteristicsofviruses主讲老师：王利沙WeifangNursingVocationalCollege潍坊护理职业学院病毒与人类关系密切Viruseshaveacloserelationship

withhuman临床传染病约80%由病毒引起有些病毒传染性强、危害性大，可引起世界大流行关系病毒与人类关系密切Viruseshaveacloserelationship

withhuman临床传染病约80%由病毒引起

About80%ofclinicalinfectious

diseasesarecausedbyviruses.有些病毒传染性强、危害性大，可引起世界大流行Somevirusesarehighlycontagiousandharmful,andcancauseaglobalpandemic.有些病毒病情严重，病死率高Someviruseshaveseveresymptomsandhighmortalityrates.目前无特效药物Currently,therearenospecificdrugsavailable.关系病毒与人类关系密切Viruseshaveacloserelationship

withhuman个体微小

Individualistiny结构简单

Simplestructure只含一类核酸（DNA/RNA）Containonlyonetypeofnucleicacid(DNA/RNA)活的易感细胞Livingsusceptiblecells病毒非细胞型微生物复制方式增殖Proliferationthroughreplication01病毒的大小及形态Thesizeandmorphologyofthevirus病毒的大小及形态Thesizeandmorphologyofthevirus病毒的大小

Thesizeofthevirus最大：300nm

Maximum:300nm最小：20nm

Minimum:20nm个体微小

Individualistiny以纳米（nm）为测量单位

Measuredinnanometers(nm)电子显微镜

electronmicroscope病毒的大小及形态Thesizeandmorphologyofthevirus病毒的形态

Themorphologyofthevirus形态多样

Diverseforms主要为球形、杆状、砖形、蝌蚪形及长丝状等

Mainlyspherical,rod-shaped,brickshaped,tadpoleshapedandfilamentous,etc引起人或动物疾病的病毒多数为球形

Mostvirusesthatcausediseasesinhumansor

animalsaresphericalinshape02病毒的结构和化学组成Thestructureandchemicalcompositionofviruses病毒的结构和化学组成Thestructureandchemicalcompositionofviruses基本结构有核心和衣壳,称为核衣壳，有些病毒还有包膜。Thebasicstructureconsistsofacoreandacapsid,knownasanucleocapsid，andsomevirusesalsohaveanenvelope.包膜病毒和裸露病毒

Envelopedvirusandnakedvirus病毒的结构和化学组成Thestructureandchemicalcompositionofviruses核心

Core单一核酸：DNA/RNA

Singlenucleicacid:DNA/RNA决定病毒遗传、变异、增殖、感染等，是生命活动的物质基础。Theinheritance,mutation,proliferation,

andinfectionofvirusesarethematerialbasisof

lifeactivities.病毒的结构和化学组成Thestructureandchemicalcompositionofviruses衣壳

Clothingshell蛋白质外壳

Proteinshell三种形式：螺旋对称型、二十面体对称型、复合对称型。

Threeforms:spiralsymmetry,icosahedral

symmetry,andcompositesymmetry.功能：保护病毒核酸、参与感染过程等。Function:Protectvirusnucleicacid,participateintheinfectionprocess,etc.

病毒的结构和化学组成Thestructureandchemicalcompositionofviruses包膜

Capsule膜状结构，脂类+蛋白质+糖

Membranelikestructure,consistingoflipids,

proteins,andsugars刺突

Spikeprocess功能：维持结构完整性及保护；参与感染；与病毒的分型、致病性等有关。Function:Maintain