2021年上海市高考英语试卷(春考)(解析卷)

2021年上海市高考英语试卷（1月份）参考答案与试题解析I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．（1分）A.Fresh.B.Salty.C.Tender.D.Dry.【解答】C【原文】1.M：Thebeeflooksfresh.W：ButIwouldrecommendthechickenwhichistender.Thebeefistoosaltyandnotjuicy.Q：Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthechicken？【点评】略2．（1分）A.Aluxurioustie.B.Asetofclassicworks.C.Aredscarf.D.Awallet.【解答】B【原文】2.W：Jackcontributedalotofmysurveyontheevolutionoffashion.Iwanttobuyhimapresentlikeascarforawallet.M：1heardhelikesreading.If1wereyou，Iwouldbuyhimasetofclassics.Q：WhatdoesthemansuggestthewomanbuyforJack？【点评】略3．（1分）A.Inabarbershop.B.Inthecinema.C.Inthemall.D.Inthelibrary.【解答】A【原文】3.W：I'dliketohavemyhaircolored.Butyouseemuptoyourneck.M：Yes，weusuallyhavealotmorecustomersontheweekend.Pleasetakeaseat.I'mafraidyouhavetobepatient.Q：Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplacefor？【点评】略4．（1分）A.Theboystayedupallnight.B.Theboycamehometooearly.C.Theboyisforgiven.D.Theboydidn'tgohomeatnight.【解答】C【原文】4.M：Sorry，mom，Ishouldhavecomebackhomeearlier.I'llneverdoitagain.W：Let'sdropitthistime.Q：Whatcanwelearnfromthisconversation？【点评】略5．（1分）A.Shewillaccompanythemanwhoasksquestions.B.Shealsodoesn'tknowthemeaningoftheterm.C.Shesympathizedwiththemanverymuch.D.Sheiswellawareofthemeaningofthenewlycoinedterm.【解答】B【原文】5.M：Alice.Ihavenoideawhatthisnewlycoinedtermmeans.W：Well，youarenotalone.Q：Whatdoesthewomanmean？【点评】略6．（1分）A.Sheneedstohurry.B.Thealarmclockdidn'tring.C.Shebrokethealarmclock.D.Sheislateforschool.【解答】A【原文】6.W：Daddidthealarmclockgooff？M：Thatwas30minutesago.Yousleptrightthroughit.Getuporyou'llbelateforschool.Q：Whatdoesthemanmean？【点评】略7．（1分）A.﹩10，000.B.¥11，000.C.¥12，000.D.﹩11，000【解答】B【原文】7.M：MayItakeanotherlookattheChinesepainting？Isitstillpriced¥10，000？W：Sorry.sir，itspricehasrisenby10%.Q：HowmuchdoestheChinesepaintingcostnow？【点评】略8．（1分）A.Hecouldn'tofferhelpbecauseofhisfootinjury.B.Hecan'tstandthenoiseoftheseboxesmoving.C.Hecan'tstandthewomancarryingtheseboxes.D.Hedoesn'twanttocarrytheboxdownfromthefifthfloor.【解答】A【原文】8.W：Movingtheseboxesuptothe5thfloorisreallybeyondme.M：Theylooksobig.Ifonlylhadn'thadmyankletwistedyesterday.Q：Whatdoesthemanimply？【点评】略9．（1分）A.Heisjustanordinaryman，notahero.B.Hewantsthewomantopublicizehisdeeds.C.Hehasalreadyfinishedfinancialaidforstudents.D.Hewantsthewomantokeepitasecret.【解答】D【原文】9.W：Whatanunsungheroyouare.Younevertoldmethatyouhavebeenfinanciallyassistingthestudentsforyears.M：Letthematterrest.It'sjustbetweenyouandme.Q：Whatdoesthemanmean？【点评】略10．（1分）A.Thewomanlikestotakeashowerbeforegoingtobed.B.Themancan'thaveashowerbeforegoingtobed.C.Hotwaterissuppliedinthehoteluntil10p.m.inwinter.D.Thehotelstillsupplieshotwaterafter10p.m.【解答】B【原文】10.M：1hopethereishotwaterinthehotelafterten.Iliketohaveashowerbeforebed，especiallyinwinter.W：Butthefrontdesksayshotwaterisavailabletill9：00pmQ：Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation？【点评】略11．（4.5分）（1）A.HaveaprofessionalenergycheckupB.UpdateallthehouseholdappliancesC.Makeado﹣it﹣yourselfhomeenergycheckupD.Findtheleaksontheoutsideofyourhome（2）A.Becauseitcanhelpyousaveenergyinahouse.B.Becauseitcanhelpyoudecidewhereshouldbeupgradedfirst.C.Becauseitcanhelpyourememberwhereyouhaveinspected.D.Becauseitcanhelpyoureducetheairleaks.（3）A.Howtochooseaprofessionalenergycheckup.B.Howtoconductthehomeenergycheckup.C.Howtomakealistofobviousairleaks.D.Howtosaveenergyinyourhome.【解答】11—13CBB【原文】Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ahomeenergycheckuphelpsdeterminewhereyourhouseislosingenergyandmoney.Whensuchproblemsarecorrectedyourhomewillbemoreenergyefficient.Whileaprofessionalenergycheckupprovidesacompletepictureofyourhome'senergyuse，adiligentselfassessmentcanalsohelpyoufindsmallproblemareas.First，makealistofobviousairleaks.Checkforindoorairleaks，suchasgapsalongtheedgeoftheflooringandjointsofthewallsandceiling.Alsochecktheleaksontheoutsideofyourhome，especiallyinareaswheretwodifferentbuildingmaterialsmeet.Finallyremembertocheckotherplacesforleaksincludingwindows，doorsandswitches.Thepotentialenergysavingsfromreducingleaksinourownmayrangefrom10%to20%peryear.Thisdo﹣it﹣yourselfhomeenergycheckupwillnotbeasthoroughasaprofessionalhomeenergyassessment，butitcanhelpyouhighlightsomeoftheeasierareastoaddress.Whenwalkingthroughyourhome，keepachecklistoftheareasyouhaveinspectedandtheproblemsyouhavefound.Thislistwillhelpyoudecidewhichenergyefficiencyupgradeshouldbegivenpriorityto.Nowlistenagain.11.Whichofthefollowingisthemostprobablewaytosaveenergyinahouse？12.Whydoesthespeakerrecommendyoutokeepachecklist？13.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout？【点评】略12．（4.5分）（1）A.Tomakepeoplerememberhim.B.Toshowhisexcellenttalent.C.Torememberthemomentsinuniversity.D.Torecallhischildhood.（2）A.Itusedsomeadvancednarrativeskills.B.Itiseasytounderstandthedeepmeaning.C.Ithasakindofbellringingquality.D.Itissuitabletorecitealoudwithexpression.（3）A.Helikestocomposepoemsatquietcorners.B.HegraduatedfromHarvardUniversityin1995.C.Hewroteonlytwopoemsinhislife.D.HehadagoodtimeatHarvard.【解答】14—16CCD【原文】Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SeamusHeaneywasawardedtheNobelprizeinliteraturein1995whenhewasteachingatHarvardUniversity.OnthedaywhenHarvardcelebrateditsthreehundredseventy﹣fifthanniversarybeforealargeaudience，herecitedhispoemcomposedin1986fortheuniversitythreehundredandfiftiethanniversary.This1986poemreliesonthepowerofrepeatingwordsandsounds.Heaneysaidinaninterview，"There'sakindofbellringingqualitytothepoem，whichmakesiteasyontheair."HerememberedwritingjusttwopoemsduringhisearlyyearsatHarvardwhenhetaughtandreadalot.Onepoemistheanniversarypoem.Andtheotherisaboutlearningthealphabetsatprimaryschool.HeaneyalsorecalledthephysicalHarvardwherehehadmanyhappymoments.Hesaid，"Istillremembertheexcitementofdrivingaroundthecampusandseeingtheoutlinesofthehouses.AndIenjoyedafewquietcornersoncampuswhereIwouldsitdownandtakeanap.ThelibraryatAdam'shouseforoneandtheWoodberrypoetryroomforanother.Thentherewastheyard.ItwastheinspirationfortheanniversarypoemandalsoaplacethatremindedmeofmyownboyhoodinthecountrysidebecauseItusedtobeacowyard."Nowlistenagain.Questions：14.ForwhatpurposedidSeamusHeamycomposehis1986poem？15.WhatisafeatureofSeamusHeaney's1986poem？16.WhatcanbelearnedaboutSeamusHeaney？【点评】略13．（6分）（1）A.Hisofficeisrichlydecorated.B.Hehasusedthisofficeforaweek.C.Hisofficeisverymodem.D.Hisofficespaceisspaciousenough.（2）A.Torecordhistripnextweek.B.Tocommunicatewithoverseasscholars.C.Tocollectcost﹣effectivewebcameras.D.Torecordthecontentsofthereportfile.（3）A.Achairthatrisesupanddownandhasarms.B.Amodemsimplechair.C.Afoldedchairwithoutahandle.D.Asecond﹣handsolidwoodchair.（4）A.Howtochooseawebcamera.B.Howtoprepareforanonlinemeetingreport.C.HowtoimproveProfessorWhite'soffice.D.HowtodecorateProfessorWhite'sOffice.【解答】17—20DBAC【原文】Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.W：Hi，professorWhite.M：Hi，Maggie.W：It'sbeenaweeksinceyouarrivedatthecity.Doyoulikeyouroffice？M：Yeah，it'sgreattohavesomuchroomandIlovetoseeyou.W：I'mgladtohearthat.Doyouneedanyequipmentorsupplies？M：Actually，thereareafewthingsI'vebeenthinkingabout.W：OK.Whatdoyouneed？M：Well，I'llgiveapresentationatanonlineconferencenextweek.Isitpossibletogetawebcameraforthecomputer？W：Noproblem.Itisalreadyatthetopofouragenda.Wewanttoencourageusingtechnologytocommunicatewithoverseasscholarsratherthanexpensivetraveling.M：Exactly.It'ssomucheasierandcheapertodothingsthatway.W：Thedepartmentchairlikestohearthatkindofthinking.Anythingelse？M：Well，IhopeI'mnotaskingtoomuch，butcanIgetanewchair？Thisoneisreallyuncomfortable.W：Ithinkthat'sanoldchair.Sorryaboutthat.Isthereaspecifickindyouwant，likeafoldingchairorarockingone？M：ljustlikeonethatrisesupanddownandhasarms.W：Sure，Igotit.M：Thanks.Nowlistenagain.Questions：17.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisoffice？18.Whydoesthemanneedawebcameraforhiscomputer？19.Whatkindofchairdoesthemanwant？20.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout？That'stheendoflisteningcomprehension.【点评】略II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．（10分）WhyBeinginaBandIsCoolWhenyouwereyounger，apianolessonmayhaveruinedyourday.Carryingaflute（长笛）fromclasstoclassjustforahalf﹣hourlesson（1）mayhaveseemedpointless.Butasyouentertheadultworldsuddenlyyourealisethatknowinghowtoplayaninstrumentisprettycool.Yes，eventheflute.So，whatmakesbeinginabandsocool？Isitbecauseyougettogoonstageandplaytomillionsofadoringfans？Well，yes，butit'llbeafewyearsbeforeyourdodgyrenditionof'Twinkle，TwinkleLittleStar'startstoresembleaMozartsymphony.（2）Howevertalentedyou'vebeeninmusicit'sstillnoteasytoorganiseaband，buthere'saquickguidetogetyoustarted：（1）Findyourmembers.You'llneedadrummer，aguitarist，abassguitaristandasinger.Anyotherinstrumentsareabonus.Thisiswhere（3）playing（play）theflutecomesin，ifyoucanmakeplayingtheflutecool，youdeserveallthefameandfortuneintheworld!（2）Organiseabandpractice.Ifyouareluckyenoughtohaveabandmember（4）withadrumkitandparentswhoarehardofhearing，youcanpractiseathomeforfree.Otherwise，you'llneedtofindalocalstudio（5）which/thatcanbeexpensive.（6）Divide（divide）thecostequally，includingthecostofhiringanyequipmentsuchascymbalsforthedrummer，yourocktogether，yourolltogether!（3）Beproductive.Ifyou'repayingforastudio，thelastthingyouwantistospenditcatchingupwitheachother，someethalfanhourinadvancetogetallthechatting（7）finished（finish）.（4）Agreeonsongstolearn，andlearnthem!Eachbandmembershouldchooseasongforthewholeband（8）tolearn（learn）readyforrehearsal.Thiswillallowyoutosee（9）whatgenres（类型）workforyourgroup.（5）Startwriting.Onceyouknowwhatmusicworksforyou，startwriting!Youcandothisindividuallyorasabandbutthemostimportantthingistorespectotherpeople'ssongs.It'sveryraretofind（10）someonewhoisn'tshyaboutsharingtheirfirstfewpiecesofwriting，sobenice!Ifthatsoundslikealotofhardwork，thenyou'reright!Ifitalsosoundslikealotoffun，getstarted!Butwhatisitthatmakesallthathardworkworthit？Beinginabandteachesyoupreciouslifelessons.Itisafunwayoflearningabouthowtoshareopinionsrespectfully，becreative，becomemoreconfidentandworkasateam.Onceyoucandothatyou'llbewellonyourwaytofindingwhatitisaboutyouthatmakesyouunique，specialandcool!【答案】（1）may（2）However（3）playing（4）with（5）which/that（6）Divide（7）finished（8）tolearn（9）what（10）someone【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述如何组织一支乐队及如何组织乐队练习等。【解答】（1）考查情态动词。句意：在半个小时的课上，带着一支长笛从一节课到另一节课似乎毫无意义。此处用情态动词may表示不确定的推测。故填may。（2）考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你在音乐方面多么有天赋，组织一支乐队仍然不容易，但这里有一个快速指南让你开始。根据句意及句中形容词talented可知，要用连词however引导让步状语从句，因在句首，首字母大写。故填However。（3）考查动名词。句意：这就是吹笛子的由来，如果你能把吹笛子变得很酷，你就配得上世界上所有的名利!句中缺少主语，用动名词短语playingtheflute作主语。故填playing。（4）考查介词。句意：如果你足够幸运，有一个带架子鼓的乐队成员，父母听力不好，你可以在家里免费练习。根据句意，此处用介词with，意为"带有"。故填with。（5）考查定语从句。句意：否则，你需要找一家当地的工作室，这可能会很贵。先行词alocalstudio在定语从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which/that引导从句。故填which/that。（6）考查祈使句。句意：平均分配成本，包括为鼓手租用任何设备的成本，比如铙钹，你们一起摇滚，一起打鼓!divide"分配"，祈使句中要用动词原形，因在句首，首字母大写。故填Divide。（7）考查过去分词。句意：如果你付了工作室的钱，你最不想要的就是把时间花在互相聊天上，所以提前半小时见面，完成所有的聊天。此处是"getsth.done"结构，意为"让别人做某事"，chatting与finish之间是动宾关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填finished。（8）考查动词不定式。句意：每个乐队成员应该为整个乐队选择一首歌曲，为排练做准备。根据句意，此处用动词不定式短语作目的状语。故填tolearn。（9）考查宾语从句。句意：这将让你看到哪种类型适合你的团队。genres缺少定语，用what作其定语，同时引导宾语从句。故填what。（10）考查不定代词。句意：很少有人不羞于分享他们最初的几篇文章，所以要友善!find是及物动词，根据句意，此处用不定代词someone作宾语，同时作关系代词who的先行词。故填someone。【点评】在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。要做好语法填空题，理解短文是解题的前提，扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础，英语国家的背景知识是必要的补充。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．（10分）A.applaudingB.entry﹣levelC.struckD.fascinationE.back﹣seatF.stuckG.standH.promoterI.hookJ.dominantK.empoweredThenatureispartofus.Therefore，itholdsamysterious（1）Dforme.Inmymemory，thevalleywasquietandcalm，onlytoseethewheatalloverthemountainswavingtogetherinrhythmwhenthewindblewthrough，likeaballettroupe.Thesunroseeverymorningasusual，sweepingacrossthevalleyandultimatelyfallingbehindthepeaks.Thesnowthatfallsinwinteralwaysmeltsinspring，bringingnewhopetothisnaturewhereeverythingwaspleasantandbeautiful.Ledbyfate，Ihavebecameanenvironmentalistandhadthehonorofbeinginvitedtoaddressstudentsaboutmygreenlifestyleforalongtime，Thestudentsweresurprisedatmylifestyleandmaybetheythoughtmylifestylewasnolongersuitableformodernlife.Fortunately，theywerestilllistenedtowholelecture，salutingor（2）Ame—tosomeextenttheapplauseimpliedtheirencouragementtome.AsIbegantointeractwiththemunderthestage，Iwas（3）Cbykids'lackofknowledgeofnaturesothattheyhadlittleknowledgeofprotectingenvironment.Aftertheaddress，Iputupastandinthe（4）Eofferinggreenfood，hopingtheminterestedinittogetthe（5）Gexperiencingafirst﹣handfeelingofthegreenlifestylenooneshowsanyinterestin.So1decidedtoteamupwiththeconcert（6）Htorunacampaign："anyonewhocananswera（n）（7）Benvironmentalquestionisqualifiedtoattendtheconcert.Soonthemusiccan（8）Ithemcominghere".Sincethen，Ihavebeenconsideringwhykidstodaydonothavethesamedeepappreciationfornaturethat1do.Oneofthesignificantfactorsmaybethattheformerruralcivilizationhasbeenreplacedbytheurbancivilization.Inthepast，thepoorplayedthe（9）Jroleinthenature，sotheyclearedthewasteland，plantedcropsandreproducedcivilization.Withthemassiveinvasionofindustrializationandurbanization，peoplewereforcedtomoveawayfromnature.Thestrugglebetweentraditionandmodernity，theconfrontationbetweenhumansandnaturehasledpeopletobelievethattheyarethemastersoftheuniverse.Isthisreallythecase？Itistimetothinkaboutwho（10）Kustodestroynature.【答案】DACEGHBIJK【分析】本文为记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者参与环境保护活动的经过。【解答】（1）考查名词。句意：因此，它对我有一种神秘的吸引力。根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词。而且结合下文中的景色描写以及whereeverythingwaspleasantandbeautiful可知这里使用名词fascination，意为"吸引力"，这是不可数名词。故选D。（2）考查动词的现在分词。句意：幸运的是，他们仍然听了整个讲座，在某种程度上向我致敬或鼓掌。根据句子结构分析，此处or连接两个动词，应该填入动词的现在分词形式。而且根据下文tosomeextenttheapplauseimpliedtheirencouragementtome的提示，可知，此处使用动词"鼓掌"（applauding）的现在分词。故选A。（3）考场固定搭配。句意：被孩子们缺乏保护自然的知识所震惊。根据句子结构分析，此处为被动语态，需要填入动词的过去分词形式。而且根据上文可知作者是一个环保主义者，又根据下文theyhadlittleknowledgeofprotectingenvironment提示，此处使用短语bestruckby被...所侵袭；被...所触动；被...所迷惑，故选C。（4）考查名词。句意：演讲结束后，我在后座设立了一个展台。结合上文可知，作者做了一场关于环保的演讲，而且根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词，故可推测，作者是在演讲场地设置的摊位，故此处使用名词，后座（back﹣seat）。故选E。（5）考查名词。句意：希望对它感兴趣的学生能够在展台上亲身体验。结合上文作者设置了一个展台，可知此处讲述的还是同一件事情，故可推知，此处使用名词，展台（stand）。故选G。（6）考查名词。句意：我决定与音乐会发起人合作开展一项活动。根据文章分析，此处应该是音乐会的相关负责人与作者一起举办了活动，故可推知此处使用名词，发起人（promoter）。故选H。（7）考查形容词。句意：任何能回答入门级环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会。根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入修饰词，及对环境问题的修饰词，故此处使用形容词，入门级（entry﹣level），修饰environmentalquestion。故选B。（8）考查动词。句意：很快音乐就把他们吸引到这里来了。根据句子结构分析，此处缺少动词，而且根据上文提及的音乐会活动可知，此处使用动词，吸引（hook）。故选I。（9）考查动词。句意：在过去，穷人在大自然中起着主导作用。根据固定搭配可知，此处应填入一个形容词，而且根据上一句Theonceruralcivilizationhasbeenreplacedbytheurbancivilization可知，此处使用形容词dominant，意为"主导的"。故选J。（10）考查动词。句意：是时候想想是谁赋予了我们破坏自然的力量了。根据句子结构分析可知，此处为定语从句，定语从句中缺少谓语动，而且结合上文作者提及的工业化和城市化带来的变化，可推知，此处使用动词empowered，意为"授权"。故选K。【点评】选词填空的解题思路分为题干分析和选项分析。首先是题干分析。分析的原则是将题干空缺处的句意概括出来。一般概括的方式是先上下文找提示词或者提示句，然后用提示词句来推测空缺的含义。其次是选项分析。选项分析过程中，可以借助概括出来的空缺含义进行对照，符合空缺含义的选项先保留，不符合的排除，最后进行词语的辨析。在剩下的均符合的选项中，去辨析一下词语的含义侧重，语义轻重和感情色彩等，去选择相对最符合题干的选项。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．（15分）ThemiseryofmybikecommuteinCalgary，Alberta，istherivervalleyhill.It'snotparticularlysteep，butataboutamilelong，Irarelyclimbedupwithoutarrivingwithsweat.Studieshaveshowntheprospectofarrivingatworksweatyisoneofthebiggest（1）Ctogettingwould﹣bebikecommutersoutoftheircars.That'sespeciallytrueinacitylikeLosAngeles，where（2）Amayfacelongroutes，hillsorhotstreetswithalackofshade."Pedelec"，orpedalelectric﹣assistedbikesliketheoneIrode，canendthatworry.Theylookandactliketraditionalbicycles，buttheirmotorsmakepedalingmucheasierwhenrequired.Sometimescalledthemostenergy﹣efficientmotorizedmodeoftransportationeverbuilt，they'realsoincrediblygreen.Thebiggestbarriermaybetheoutdatedattitudethatseesbikesonlyasarecreationalathleticopportunityratherthanapractical（3）Doption.AtatimewhencitiesacrossNorthAmericaarestrugglingtocombatcripplingtrafficandreduceclimateemissions，e﹣bikeshavethe（4）Btoeasebothproblems.Andyetridershiphasyettotruly（5）DAbout152，0000e﹣bikesweresoldlastyearintheU.S.，afigurethatwouldbemorethan5millionifAmericansusedthematthesamerateaswesternEuropeans.Manyofthebarrierstoe﹣bike（6）BinNorthAmericaarelegislative.Patchworkrulestreate﹣bikesmorelikemopedsthantraditionalpedalbikesinsomejurisdictions，meaningtheyare（7）Cfrombikelanesandfromboardingpublictransportation.Fewplacesonthecontinent，（8）A，arebetterpoisedtobreakthroughthesebarriersthanCalifornia.Legislationwasapprovedlastyeartoencouragee﹣bikeuse，bylegallydifferentiatingthecyclesfrommopeds.Inanattempttoheadoffworriesaboutturbochargedmachinesflyingdownsidewalksandbikelanesatunsafespeeds，thelawclassifiesbikesintodifferenttiersto（9）Clower﹣speede﹣bikes，whichtopoutat20mph，fromfaster﹣moving"speedpedelecs"，whicharerestrictedfromprotectedbikepaths.Amidtheselegislative（10）B，e﹣bikeshavebecomemoreaccessibletoconsumer.Findingtheminbikeshopsisn'tas（11）Dasitoncewas，andtheircosthasfallenasthepriceoflithium﹣ionbatterieshasdropped.Today，adecente﹣bike，whilestill（12）A，iscomparableinpricetoahigh﹣endmountainbike.Afteryearsof（13）Bovermixingpedalandmotorpower，cyclingadvocacyorganizationsalsoarefinallythrowingtheirsupportbehinde﹣bikes.DaveSnyder，theexecutivedirectoroftheCaliforniaBicycleCoalition，（14）Athestate'snewlegislationbasedpartlyonthe（15）Dthate﹣bikeshelpoutthosewho"justcan'trideasfarorasfastastheyneedto".（1）A.advantagesB.processesC.barriersD.complements（2）A.ridersB.buildersC.customersD.volunteers（3）A.productionB.communicationC.facilitiesD.transportation（4）A.routineB.potentialC.temporaryD.major（5）A.makeofB.carryonC.bringupD.takeoff（6）A.adaptationB.adoptionC.adjustmentD.justification（7）A.provedB.alertedC.bannedD.authorized（8）A.howeverB.unlessC.meanwhileD.anyway（9）A.originateB.combineC.separateD.satisfy（10）A.factorsB.benefitsC.limitsD.damages（11）A.properB.criticalC.sensationalD.difficult（12）A.expensiveB.distinctiveC.sensitiveD.intensive（13）A.troubleB.concernC.powerD.scale（14）A.favoredB.foldedC.referredD.gifted（15）A.appealB.addressC.amountD.advocate【答案】CADBDBCACBDABAD【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电动助力自行车（e﹣bikes）在解决交通拥堵和减少气候排放方面的潜力，以及在北美地区推广e﹣bikes所面临的障碍。短文提到，e﹣bikes可以解决骑行者担心到达目的地会出汗的问题，因为它们的电动机可以在需要时提供辅助骑行。然而，e﹣bikes在北美地区的普及受到了立法的限制，一些地区将其视为摩托车而不是传统自行车，限制了它们在自行车道和公共交通工具上的使用。加州通过了法律来鼓励e﹣bike的使用，并将其与摩托车区分开来。此外，e﹣bikes在价格上也更加亲民，现在可以与高端山地自行车相媲美。最后，自行车倡导组织也开始支持e﹣bikes，认为它们可以帮助那些无法骑行得太远或太快的人。【解答】（1）考查名词与语境理解。A.advantages优势；B.processes进程；C.barriers障碍；D.complements补充。句意：研究表明，汗流浃背地上班是让想骑车上下班的人下车的最大障碍之一。根据前一句可知，在阿尔伯塔省卡尔加里骑自行车上下班的痛苦之处是要经过很陡的河谷山，所以汗流浃背地上班是让想骑车上下班的人下车的最大障碍之一。故选C。（2）考查名词与语境理解。A.riders骑车者；B.builders施工人员；C.customers客户；D.volunteers志愿者。句意：在洛杉矶这样的城市尤其如此，在那里，骑车者可能要面对漫长的路线、山丘或炎热的街道，而且没有树荫。该空所在处是非限定性定语从句的主语，此处指"骑行者"。故选A。（3）考查名词与语境理解。A.production生产；B.communication交流；C.facilities设施；D.transportation交通。句意：最大的障碍可能是过时的态度，认为自行车只是一种娱乐运动的机会，而不是一种实用的交通选择。根据句意可知，该空指的是骑自行车是一种交通选择。故选D。（4）考查名词与语境理解。A.routine常规；B.potential可能性；C.temporary临时工；D.major专业。句意：在北美各城市都在努力应对交通拥堵和减少气候排放的时候，电动自行车有可能缓解这两个问题。根据空前句可知，自行车有缓解交通拥堵和减少气候排放的可能。故选B。（5）考查动词短语与语境理解。A.makeof理解；B.carryon继续；C.bringup抚养；D.takeoff腾飞。句意：然而，乘客数量尚未真正腾飞。根据后文的"去年，美国售出了大约15.2万辆电动自行车，如果美国人的使用速度和西欧人一样，这个数字将超过500万辆。"可知，销售数量还没有腾飞。选D。（6）考查名词与语境理解。A.adaptation改编；B.adoption采用；C.adjustment调整；D.justification正当理由。句意：在北美，电动自行车普及的许多障碍都是立法方面。根据句意可知，该空指的是：采用电动自行车作为交通工具，即普及电动自行车的障碍来自立法方面。故选B。（7）考查动词与语境理解。A.proved证明；B.alerted使警觉；C.banned禁止；D.authorized授权。句意：在一些司法管辖区，相关规定将电动自行车更像助力车，而不是传统的脚踏自行车，这意味着它们被禁止进入自行车道，也不能登上公共交通工具。根据空后的"也不能登上公共交通工具"可知，该空意思是"禁止"。故选C。（8）考查副词与语境理解。A.however然而；B.unless除非；C.meanwhile与此同时；D.anyway不管怎样。句意：然而，在欧洲大陆上，没有几个地方比加州更有能力突破这些障碍。根据后文可知，加州突破了这一禁止，该空表示前后文意思的转折。故选A。（9）考查动词与语境理解。A.originate起源；B.combine组合；C.separate区分；D.satisfy使满意。句意：为了消除人们对涡轮增压发动机以不安全的速度在人行道和自行车道上飞驰的担忧，该法律将自行车分为不同的等级，以区分低速电动自行车（最高时速为20英里）和速度更快的"速度自行车"（限速为20英里/小时），后者被限制在受保护的自行车道上。根据该空上下文意思可知，该空意思是"区分"。故选C。（10）考查名词与语境理解。A.factors因素；B.benefits益处；C.limits范围；D.damages损害。句意：在这些立法上的好处中，消费者更容易获得电动自行车。根据空后的"消费者更容易获得电动自行车"可知，该空意思是"好处，益处"。故选B。（11）考查形容词与语境理解。A.proper合适的；B.critical批判的；C.sensational激动人心的；D.difficult困难的。句意：在自行车店里找到电动自行车并不像以前那么困难，而且随着锂离子电池价格的下降，电动自行车的成本也在下降。该句含notas…as…，表示比较，结合句意可知，该空意思是"困难"。故选D。（12）考查形容词与语境理解。A.expensive昂贵的；B.distinctive独特的；C.sensitive过敏的；D.intensive加强的。句意：如今，一辆像样的电动自行车虽然仍然很贵，但价格与一辆高端山地车相当。该句是while引导的让步主语从句，根据空后意思可推测，意思是"贵的"。故选A。（13）考查名词与语境理解。A.trouble困难；B.concern担心；C.power权力；D.scale规模。句意：多年来，人们一直对踏板和马达的混合动力感到担忧，如今，倡导骑自行车的组织终于开始支持电动自行车。根据句意，该空处意思是"担心"。故选B。（14）考查动词与语境理解。A.favored支持；B.folded折叠；C.referred参考；D.gifted赠送。句意：加州自行车联盟的执行董事戴夫•斯奈德支持该州的新立法，部分原因是有人主张，电动自行车可以帮助那些"骑得不够远或不够快"的人。根据空后文可知，戴夫•斯奈德持支持态度。故选A。（15）考查名词与语境理解。A.appeal呼吁；B.address地址；C.amount数量；D.advocate倡导。句意：加州自行车联盟的执行董事戴夫•斯奈德支持该州的新立法，部分原因是有人主张，电动自行车可以帮助那些"骑得不够远或不够快"的人。该空位于介词on后，应该是名词，其后是that引导的同位语从句，该空表达的是"基于这个倡导上"。故选D。【点评】完形填空所涉及的内容广泛，考查的知识点难度在逐渐提高。要做好此类题，首先要通读全文，初步了解文章大意；然后结合选项，再读文章，考虑上下文句意的衔接，结合语法、句法、词法，做到语义通顺，初步确定选项；完成初步填后，再通读文章，检查文章是否通顺流畅，用词是否得当，意思是否完整。SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，candD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.17．（8分）Amongallthedifferenttypesofjourneythatpeopleundertaketherearealsothoseofaspiritualnature.Someofthetripswedoinourlivesarepurelyforpleasure，somearemeanttomakeusstronger，sometimeswetraveltoexploreandlearn，andinalloftheseundertakingswegrowandbecomewiser.Thereisalotwecanlearnfromthelandthatsurroundsusandthebestwaytoacquirethatknowledgeisbytravelingandexperiencing.Thisancientaboriginalinitiationritualinvolvesexactlythis：alongspiritualhikeacrosstheindigenousland.Althoughwidelyknownas"Walkabout，"inlateryearstheritualhasbeenreferredtoas"temporarymobility，"becausetheformerisoftenusedasaderogatoryterminAustralianculture.AyoungmanonWalkaboutHistoricallyspeaking，thewalkaboutisariteofpassageinwhichyoung（adolescent）AboriginalAustraliansundertakeajourneythatwillhelp"transform"themintoadults.Thejourneyisusuallymadebetweentheagesof10and16.Duringthisjourneywhichcanlastforuptosixmonths，theindividualisrequiredtoliveandsurviveallaloneinthewilderness.Thisisnotaneasythingtodo，especiallynotforteenagers.Thatiswhyonlythosewhohaveproventhemselvesmentallyandphysicallyreadyareallowedtoproceedwiththewalkabout.Onlytheeldersofthegroupdecidewhetheritistimeornotforthechildtodoit.Thechildrenarenotcompletelyunpreparedforthejourney.Duringtheyearsbeforethewalkabout，theeldersinstructthemandgivethemadviceabouttheceremonyandadultlifeingeneral；theyhavebeenpassedthe"secrets"ofthetribe，theknowledgeabouttheirworld.AboriginalwomanThosewhoareinitiatedinthewalkaboutarealsodecoratedwithbodypaintandornaments.Sometimestheyaremarkedwithapermanentsymbolontheirbodies.Insomecases，atoothisremovedfromthemouth，orthenoseorearsoftheinitiatedarepierced.Traditionalwalkaboutclothesincludeonlyasimpleloinclothandnothingmore.Duringawalkabout，ayoungpersoncansometimestraveladistanceofovera1，000miles.Inordertosurvivethislonghike，theparticipantinthewalkaboutmustbeabletomaketheirownshelterandmustbecapableofprocuringfoodandwaterforthemselves.Thatmeansheneedstohunt，catchfish，andalsorecognizeandutilizeedibleandhealingplants.Theinitiatedyoungstermustlearntoidentifyplantssuchasbushtomatoes，Illawarraplums，quandongs，lilly﹣pillies，Muntariberries，wattleseeds，Kakaduplums，andbunyanuts.（1）Whatcanbereferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassage？BA.Australianslike