2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)第04讲 Unit4重点单词+词组+重点句型讲 练(选择性必修三)（教师版）

第04讲Unit4AdversityandCourage重点单词+词组+重点句型讲练(选择性必修三)一、精讲X3U4重点单词+词组1、adversityn.困境；逆境adverseadj.不利的，有害的；反面的overcomeadversity克服逆境inthefaceofadversity面对逆境Heovercamemanypersonaladversities.多次身处逆境,他都挺了过来。Asfiretriesgold,sodoesadversitytryvirtue.烈火炼真金，逆境见美德。2.wagen.工资wagedadj.有报酬的minimumwage最低工资aweeklywageof...周薪......wagecuts减薪awageincrease/riseof.........的加薪earnalivingwage谋生,挣工资3.bitteradj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的bitterlyadv.痛苦地;严寒地bittercold严寒abitterwind刺骨寒风alongandbitterdispute一场漫长而激烈的争论comeoutwithabittersmile苦笑着出来4.expeditionn.探险；远征；探险队expeditionaryadj.远征的apolarexpedition南极探险5.endurancen.忍耐力；耐久力endurevt.忍受physicalendurance身体耐力endurev.忍耐，容忍powersofendurance耐力anendurancetest一次耐力测试beyondendurance忍无可忍can'tenduredoing/todosth.不能容忍做某事6.vigourn.精力；力量；活力vigorn.活力（美式拼写）fullofvigour充满活力vigorousadj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;强壮的avigorousyoungman身强力壮的年轻人qualifiedadj.符合资格；具备……的知识qualificationn.资格；资历aqualifiedteacher合格的教师bequalifiedfor具备·····的学历/资历/知识/技能bequalifiedtodosth.具备资历做某aqualifiedlawyer取得执业资格的律师qualifyv.使具备·资格behighly/suitably/fullyqualified高度/正好/完全符合资格qualificationn.资格;学历;资历disqualificationn.取消资格;剥夺资格8.enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的enthusiasmn.热情showenthusiasm展现热情be/becomeenthusiasticaboutdoingsth.对做某事感兴趣,对做某事热心anenthusiasticsupporter热心的支持者anenthusiasticwelcome热烈欢迎enthusiasticallyadv.热情地enthusiasmn.热情,热忱with(great)enthusiasm(非常)热情地fullofenthusiasm充满热情9.aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)aboardadj.在船(或飞机、车)上的goaboard上船区分:abroadadv.在国外,到国外goaboard上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车beaboardtheplane/ship在飞机/船上Welcomeaboard!欢迎乘坐!Allaboard!请大家上船/火车/公共汽车!形近词:abroadadv.在国外;到国外goabroad出国athomeandabroad国内外10.cupboardn.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜Cupboardsn.橱柜（复数）kitchencupboard厨房橱柜11.assignvt.分派；布置；分配assignmentn.分配；任务assignatask分配任务assignsth.tosb./assignsb.sth.给某人分派某任务assignsb.to/assth.指派某人做某工作/担任某职务threewrittenassignments三项书面作业onassignment受委派12.stewardn.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员stewardess[ˈstjuːərdəs]n.女乘务员airlinesteward航空公司乘务员13.envyn.&vt.羡慕；妒忌enviousadj.羡慕的feelenvious感到羡慕theenvyofsb.某人羡慕/妒忌的对象outofenvy出于嫉妒withenvy羡慕地,妒忌地envysb.sth.羡慕某人某事envysb.forsth.因某事而羡慕某人14.crushvt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n.拥挤的人群crushedadj.被压碎的acrushofpeople拥挤的人群becrushedtodeath压死getcrushed被压坏/压碎15.sinkvi.(sanksunk,sunk)沉没；下沉；下降sinkin被理解沉;使沉没n.洗碗槽sinktothebottomof沉到······的底部thesinkingsun落日拓：sink一词多义:倒下;颓然坐下;陷入sinkintoachair颓然倒在椅子上sinkdown沉落sinkintopoverty陷入贫困中asinkingfeeling不祥的感觉;沮丧之情besunkinthought陷人沉思16.abandonvt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃abandonedadj.被遗弃的abandonship弃船abandondoingsth.放弃做某事abandononeselfto沉湎于(某种情感)拓：anabandonedfarm废弃的农场abandonedadj.被遗弃的,被抛弃的anabandonedcar被抛弃的小汽车anabandonedchild被遗弃的孩子abandonhope放弃希望17.blanketn.毯子blanketsn.毯子（复数）awarmblanket一条温暖的毯子18.belongingsn.[pl.]财物；动产belongvi适应;应在(某处)personalbelongings个人物品拓：常用复数形式的名词:earnings薪水belongings财物findings调研结果savings储蓄金goods货物woods树林tears泪水ruins废墟congratulations祝贺surroundings环境instructions指示;说明personalbelongings个人财物19.miserableadj.痛苦的；令人难受的miserablyadv.痛苦地;非常难受地;悲惨地lookmiserable一副闷阿不乐的样子miserableconditions恶劣的条件wanderaroundmiserably可怜兮兮地四处游荡amiserablycoldday令人难受的寒冷天气feelmiserable感到痛苦20.voyagen.&vi.航海；航行voyagesn.航海（复数）anaround-the-worldvoyage环球航行onthevoyageout/home出航途中/归航途中avoyageinspace航天goon/make/takeavoyage去航海(强调动作)beonavoyage在航海(强调状态)make/takeavoyageto..航海到···...make/takeavoyagetoAfrica航海去非洲辨：各种“旅行”:海上航行用voyage长途陆路用journey;短途短期用trip;旅游观光用tourtravel用法最普遍,特别指“游记”。21.navyn.海军；海军部队navaladj.海军的navalforce海军力量22.decentadj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的decencyn.适当；体面decentlyadv.正派地;得体地adecentjob一份体面的工作23.cosyadj.温馨的；舒适的acosylittleroom温暖舒适的小房间acosyfeeling惬意的感觉warmandcosy暖和又舒适acosyroom一个温馨的房间24.selfishadj.自私的selflessadj.无私的selflesslyadv无私地；忘我地selfishbehaviour自私的行为Itisselfishofsb.todosth.某人做某事是自私的。workselflessly忘我工作actselfishly自私行事25.good/bad-temperedadj.脾气好的/坏的Tempern.脾气agood-temperedchild脾气好的孩子26.genuineadj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的genuinelyadv.真正地geniusn.天才fakeadj.假的27、genuinediamond/gold真钻石/真金genuinelove真诚的爱genuinesignature亲笔签名28.perseverevi.坚持；孜孜以求Perseverancen.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神perseverevi.坚持；孜孜以求fullofenergyandperseverance充满活力和毅力persevereinanattempttodosth.坚持尝试做某事29.resolvevi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)resolutionn.决心；坚定的信念,决议；解决；坚定resolveaconflict解决冲突resolveaproblem解决问题resolvetodosth.决心/决定（做）某事resolvethat...决心/决定（做）某事resolveondoingsth.决心/决定（做）某事makearesolutiontodosth.决定做某事makearesolution做出决心31.crewn.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人crews[kruːz]n.工作人员（复数）thecrewofaship船员32.crueladj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的cruellyadv.残酷地acruelact一个残酷的行为33.thoroughadj.深入的；彻底的；细致的thoroughlyadv.彻底地athoroughinvestigation彻底调查34.furnituren.家具furnishvt.供应家具officefurniture办公家具35.unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遗憾地unfortunateadj.不幸的36.fortunatelyadv.幸运地fortunateadj.幸运的37.dampadj.潮湿的；湿气重的dampern.减震器dampweather潮湿的天气38.recreationn.娱乐；消遣；游戏recreationaladj.娱乐的outdoorrecreation户外运动39.guidancen.指导；引导；导航Guidevt.指导careerguidance职业指导nephewn.侄子；外甥niecen.侄女；外甥女mynephew我的侄子41.advertisingn.广告活动；广告业advertisevt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告advertisingcampaign广告活动42.corporateadj.公司的；法人的；社团的corporationn.公司acorporateevent公司活动43.roughadj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的roughlyadv.大致上aroughsea汹涌的海44.navigatorn.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者navigationn.航行askillednavigator熟练的领航员45.loyaladj.忠诚的；忠实的loyaltyn.忠诚loyalcustomers忠诚的顾客46.motorn.发动机；马达adj.有引擎的；机动车的motorizedadj.机动的amotorvehicle机动车47.candidaten.候选人；应试者candidacyn.候选人资格apresidentialcandidate总统候选人48.episoden.(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲episodesn.插曲（复数）amemorableepisode难忘的经历49.commitmentn.承诺；保证；奉献commitvt.承诺asenseofcommitment承诺感50.motiven.动机；原因；目的motivatedadj.有动机的motiveforaction行动的动机51.turnsb.down拒绝(某人)turndown调低turnup出现;到达;调高turnout结果是,证明是turnto求助于;翻到turnaround转身turnon接通(电流、水等);打开turnoff关掉turnover翻身;翻转;移交turnin上交;退还52.be/get/becomestuckin被困在···be/getstuckinatrafficjam遇到交通堵塞be/gettrappedin(=be/getstuckin)被困在·····.be/getcaughtin突然遭遇(风暴等)常用的“get+过去分词”结构:gethurt受伤害getcured被治愈getinvited被邀请getbroken坏了getpunished受到惩罚53.keepone'sspiritsup保持某人高昂的情绪ateamspirit团队精神aspiritofadventure冒险精神inlow/highspirits情绪低落/高涨raise/liftone'sspirits振奋某人的情绪spirit表示“情绪”时,用复数形式one'sspiritsrise/lift/sink某人高兴起来/情绪低落54.makeit准时到达;获得成功;设法做成makeitto(尤指在困难情况下)到达,赶上makeittotheairportjustintime及时到达机场makeup编造;化妆;和好;组成makeupfor补偿;弥补makesense讲得通;有意义makeone'sway(to)去,前往makeuseof利用,使用makethemostof充分利用(=makefulluseof)55、holdon等一等;坚持住;(电话用语)别挂断holdonuntilhelparrives坚持直到援助到来holdonto抓紧,不松开holdontomyarm抓住我的手臂holdback阻止;抑制(眼泪等)精讲X3U4重点句型1、turnsb.down：However,whenIappliedtojointheexpedition,ShackletonturnedmedownbecausehethoughtIwastooyoungandwasn'tqualified.此句型中“turnsb.down”表示“拒绝某人”，如：I'mafraidourbosswillturnmedown.另外，需注意“turndown”还有“调小”的意思，如turndowntheradio

.2、bequalifiedfor/todosth.：Theladyisideallyqualifiedforthejob.其中“bequalifiedfor”表示“具备……资格的；适合担任……的”，“bequalifiedtodosth.”表示“有资格做某事”，是常用表达，如：HeisqualifiedtoteachEnglish.其动词形式为qualify，名词形式为qualification.3、abandonsth.tosb.：Theyhadtoabandontheirlandstotheinvadingforces.“abandon”意为“舍弃；抛弃；放弃”，常用搭配有“abandononeselfto(doing)sth.”表示“纵情/沉溺于(做)某事”，“abandondoingsth.”表示“放弃做某事”，如：Heabandonedhimselftoplayingcomputergames.形容词形式为abandoned，意为“废弃的；被遗弃的；放任的”.4、holdon：Holdonnow,Perce.“holdon”有“稍等；挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断”等意思，如：Holdonforaminute,I'vejustgottoputonmymake-up.其相关短语有“holdup”表示“支撑起；承受住；延迟，阻碍；抢劫”；“holdonto”表示“抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持”等5、allowsb.todosth./allowdoingsth.：Wewerenotallowedtotakemostofourpersonalbelongings.此句中“allowsb.todosth.”表示“允许某人做某事”，而“allowdoingsth.”则表示“允许做某事”，如：MyparentsallowmetowatchTVonweekends./Theydon'tallowsmokinghere.6、managetodosth.：Wehavemanagedtosurvive.“managetodosth.”表示“努力做某事（成功）”，强调经过努力最终达到目的，如：Hemanagedtofinishtheworkontime.7、aslongas：Aslongaswedon'tloseheart,wewillsucceed.“aslongas”引导条件状语从句，意为“只要……”，如：Youcangoouttoplayaslongasyoufinishyourhomework.8、whatif：Whatiftheyweredelayed?“whatif”用于提出假设或疑问，意为“如果……将会怎么样”，如：Whatifitrainstomorrow?.9、Ithappenedthat...：IthappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.此句型表示“碰巧……”，如：IthappenedthatImethimonthestreet..10、beenthusiasticabout：Iamenthusiasticabouttheidea.“beenthusiasticabout...”表示“对……热情”，如：Sheisenthusiasticaboutdancing.11、getalong/onwith：Igetalongwellwithmyclassmates.“getalong/onwith...”表示“和……相处”，如：Howdoyougetalongwithyournewpartner?.三、X3U4精练试题1、词汇精练：1．_________n．困境；逆境2．_________adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的3．________n．探险；远征；探险队4．_______adj.自私的5．_________adv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)6．______vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n．拥挤的人群7．______vi.沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没8．_______vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃9．________adj.痛苦的；令人难受的10．_________adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的11．_________adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的12．________n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人13．__________adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的14．__________n．家具15．_______adj.潮湿的；湿气重的16．__________-n．娱乐；消遣；游戏17．__________adj.公司的；法人的；社团的18．_______adj.忠诚的；忠实的19．_________n．候选人；应试者2、词汇拓展1．_______n．忍耐力；耐久力→________vt.忍耐；忍受2．________adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)________vt.取得资格；使合格3．________-adj.热情的；热心的→_________n．热情；热忱4．_______vt.分派；布置；分配→________n．分配的任务5．______-n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌→_________adj.妒忌的6．________n．[pl.]财物；动产→_________vi.属于7．_________n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→________vi.坚持；孜孜以求8．_______vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n．决心；坚定的信念_______n．决议；解决；坚定9．________adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→__________-adv.彻底地10．________-adv.不幸地；遗憾地→__________adv.幸运地11．__________n．申请；请求；应用→________-v．申请；应用→_________n．申请人12．_______n．指导；引导；导航→_______-v．引导13．________n．广告活动；广告业→_________vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告14．_______adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→_________adv.粗略地15．________n．承诺；保证；奉献→_________-vt.&vi.(使)作出保证；投入16．________n．动机；原因；目的adj.发动的→_________n．动机3、单句语法填空1.English(navigate)JamesCook,whosailedalongthiscoastin1770,wasthefirstEuropeanknowntohavesightedFraserIsland.2.Nativespeciesdisappearedatarateof(rough)twoperyear,whilemorethanonenewcomerarrived.3.HeisloyalthePartyandhewillalwaysremainso.4.Allthemorereasonfor(candidate)tobechosenonthebasisofcompetence,notplaceofbirth.5.Thismeansthattheclosenessandattractiontheyoncefeltisgone,andtheystaytogetheronlyoutof(commit).6.Agood(motor)mustleadtogoodeffect,andagoodpurposemustberealizedbygoodmeasures.7.WheneverIencounterdifficulties,hereyeswillencouragemeandhelpmecheer.8.Thepollutedair(give)offbycarswilldogreatharmtoourhealth,andtoomanyprivatecarswillleadtotrafficjamsandagreatdealofenergywillbewasted.9.Thedevelopmentand(apply)ofnewtechnologiesarekeytothesmoothconstructionofChina’ssmartairports.10.Gothiswayabouttenminutes.Whenyouseeamotorcar(advertise),turnleft.4、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Formostcitizens,(wage)aretheonlysourceofincome.2.Although38percentofthepeoplediedofdiseasesduringthe(expedite),Cook’sdietofproperfoodkepttherestofthemhealthy.

3.Finallyoneday,Ididit,I(turn)downanunreasonablerequest.4.Idon’tknowmuchaboutit,soIdon’tfeel(qualify)tocomment.5.SheisinGreeceonan(assign)foroneoftheSundaynewspapers.6.Thedigginghadleftanetworkof(abandon)minesandtunnels.7.Hehasneverstoppedtryingandshowedgreat(persevere).8.Theymadea(resolve)tolosealltheweightgainedduringtheChristmasholidays.9.Ithinkthe(apply)deadlinewasNovember1st.10.Our(commit)willbeofthehighestorder.5、语法1.We(discuss)theprojectfortwohours.Let’stakeabreak.2.Atpresent,thereform(approach)itsfinalgoalthatisschoolimprovement.3.“I(dream)ofarurallifefordecades,butmyworkhampers(阻碍)me,”Chengsays.4.Analystsfoundthattwomillionofus(abandon)DIYoverthepasttwoyears.5.Thecompany(promise)ariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.6.Sofar,onlythreecountries(manage)toindependentlysendhumansintospace:China,RussiaandtheU.S.6、课文语法填空(1)ASUCCESSFULFAILUREPerceBlackborowjoinedanexpeditionwithSirErnestShackletontoAntarcticaontheshipEndurancein1914.Shackletonwasoneofthemostfamous_1______________(explore)ofhisdayanditwasconsideredagreathonourtobepartofhisexpeditions.Below_2_________(be)someofBlackborow'sdiaryentries.31Oct,1914...Well,itsohappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.Anexpedition_3_________theSouthPolewiththegreatSirErnestShackleton-thisistheadventurethatI_4______________(dream)of.AndIwasreadyforit.Attheageof19,Iamfitandfullofvigour._5______________,whenIappliedtojointheexpedition,ShackletonturnedmedownbecausehethoughtIwastooyoungandwasn't_6______________(qualify).ButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththem_7_____________Isecretlywentaboardhisship,theEndurance,andhidinasmallcupboard._8______________(unfortunate),threedaysafterwesetoffIwasdiscovered.Shackletondidnotwanttoturnbacksohe_9______________(offer)meajob,butonlyafterhepromisedme,"Ifanyonehastobeeaten,thenyouwillbethefirst!"Heassignedmetobeasteward,andInowservemealsfortwenty-eightmen,threetimes_10___________day.HoweveryonewillenvymewhenIcomebackandtellthemabouttheamazingplacesIhavebeen_11________!21Nov,1915Thejourneyhasnotbeeneasy.Endurancebecame_12______________(stick)intheiceasweapproachedAntarctica.Theicefrozearoundusandwewerewelland_13______________(true)stuck!Wesawtheshipget_14______________(crush)bytheice.Andwhentheshipsank,ourheartssank_15_______it._16___________weabandonedtheship,Shackletoncalmlycalledustogetherandtoldustorescueourmostessentialsupplies-thesmallboats,ourfood,thecookstove,candles,clothes,andblankets.Thiswasnotime_17______________(panic).Wewerenotallowedtotakemostofourpersonal_18______________(belonging),andShackletonhimselfthrewawayallhisgold.Buttooursurprise,heallowedHusseytokeephisbanjo.Husseyoftenplaysittokeepour_19______________(spirit)up.Wehavenowcampedontheiceandwehavebeenmanagingtosurvive,butspringiscoming,andtheicewillsoonbegintomelt.20May,1916We_20______________(struggle)fordays,butthingsonElephantIslandaregoingfrombadtoworse.Wearenowcrowdedtogetherunderoneofourboatsonthe_21______________(rock)shoreofthismiserableplace.Soonafterwearrived,ShackletonleftustofindhelponSouthGeorgiaIsland,1,320kilometresaway-thevoyagewastoodangerousanddifficultforallofustomake_22_________inoursmallboats.IfShackletonfails,willwehaveanyhopeofrescue?No.NonavyintheworldeverstopsatElephantIsland,andnooneelseknowsthatwearehere.Ifeellow.It'scoldandwindy.Theislandhasnoplants.Sometimesweareabletocatchasealorapenguintoeat.Otherwise,thereisnofood.Itrytothinkofhappierthings:decentfood,warmanddryclothes,acosybedroom,sunnydays,andmymother'sface..._23____________,thesehappymemoriesaresooninterruptedby_24_________suddencoldrushofair.Ishouted,"Shutthedoor!""Holdonnow,Perce.Don'tyougo_25______________(turn)intoanotherTom,"camethereply."We'vecaughtanotherpenguin,soit'spenguinsouptonight!"BlessFrankWild,thekindestmanthereisafterourleader,ErnestShackleton.HowcouldIbecome_26___________selfishandbad-temperedasThomasOrde-Lees!WithoutFrankandErnest,we'dallbedeadbynow.Theirgenuineconcernforothers,their_27______________(persevere),andtheirresolvefillmewithhope.Perhapsthereisachancewewillreturnhome,afterall.(2)THEREWARDFORPERSEVERANCEWewatchedasShackletonandtheboatsailedawayfromElephantIsland.Itwaseasy_1______________(imagine)thedangeraheadofthem.Wouldtheyeverreturntofindus?Whatmighthappentothem?Whatifthey_2______________(delay)?Wefeltsoaloneanddesperate.Butitwasnotforlong.Therewasnothinglikeagooddinnerandsomemusic_3______________(cheer)usup.Life_4______________(fall)intoaregularpattern.Stayingalivetookallourtimeandenergy.Forexample,weneededwater,andElephantIslandhadnone.Wefoundthatwecouldmelticefromtheoceananddrinkthewaterfromit.Buthowcouldwemakefire?Therewerenotrees_5______________(grow)onAntarcticaandnooil,sotheonlyfuelwecouldusewasanimalfat.Thisgave_6___________oily,blacksmoke,butitstayed_7______________(burn)eveninstrongwinds.Foodwasalsoaproblem,aswedidnotfindanyvegetablesorfruitontheisland.Oneofourgroupmembers,LionelGreenstreet,notedinhisdiaryabouthowboredhewas_8____________themeals:"Thefoodnowisprettywellallmeatofseacreatures."Ifitweren'tforseaanimals,wewouldallstarve.Asachef,itwasmydutytocook,soItriedtovarythemealsin_9____________wayIcould.Butitwasdifficult.Wehadtobecarefulnottogooutsidetoooften,asthechangingtemperaturescouldmakeusill.Itwasalmost_10__________dangeroustobecometoohotfromwearingtoomanyclothesastobecometoocoldfromwearingtoofew.Thesweatcouldfreezeveryquickly.Manyofusalsobecameillfromtheblacksmokeoftheanimalfatweburnt_11___________ourfires.Itdamagedoureyesandburntourlungs.Thetwenty-twoofuslivedlikethisinthecoldforfourmonths.Ourdisciplineandteamspiritkeptusoptimisticandhelpedusdealwithourfears_12__________apositiveandsuccessfulway.Wealsocelebratedourbirthdays,festivals,andeventhetimes_13____________wecaughtaseaanimal.ThiswasanepisodeinmylifethatIwouldneverforget.Whenwewerefinallyrescued,wefelt_14___________reliefandjoythatmanyofuscouldnothideourtears.Wewereatlastfreetogohometowarmbeds,goodfood,andthecareofourfamilyandfriends.Ouroptimismandfaith_15___________Shackletonhadhelpeduspersevereinstayingalive.Andhepaidusbackbyhiscommitmenttosaveusfromaslow_16___________painfuldeath.X3U4精练试题答案一、1.adversity2.bitter3.expedition4.selfish5.aboard6.crush7.sink8.abandon9.miserable10.decent11.genuine12.crew13.cruel14.furniture15damp16.recreation17.corporate18.loyal19.candidate二、1.endurance;endure2.qualified;qualify3.enthusiastic;enthusiasm4.assign;assignment5.envy;envious6.belongings;belong7.perseverance;persevere8.resolve;resolution9.thorough;thoroughly10.unfortunately;fortunately11.application;apply;applicant12.guidance;guide13.advertising;advertise14.rough;roughly15.commitment;commit16.motive;motivation三、1.Englishnavigator(navigate)JamesCook,whosailedalongthiscoastin1770,wasthefirstEuropeanknowntohavesightedFraserIsland.2.Nativespeciesdisappearedatarateofroughly(rough)twoperyear,whilemorethanonenewcomerarrived.3.HeisloyaltothePartyandhewillalwaysremainso.4.Allthemorereasonforcandidates(candidate)tobechosenonthebasisofcompetence,notplaceofbirth.5.Thismeansthattheclosenessandattractiontheyoncefeltisgone,andtheystaytogetheronlyoutofcommitment(commit).6.Agoodmotive(motor)mustleadtogoodeffect,andagoodpurposemustberealizedbygoodmeasures.7.WheneverIencounterdifficulties,hereyeswillencouragemeandhelpmecheerup.8.Thepollutedairgiven(give)offbycarswilldogreatharmtoourhealth,andtoomanyprivatecarswillleadtotrafficjamsandagreatdealofenergywillbewasted.9.Thedevelopmentandapplication(apply)ofnewtechnologiesarekeytothesmoothconstructionofChina’ssmartairports.10.Gothiswayabouttenminutes.Whenyouseeamotorcaradvertisement(advertise),turnleft.四、1.Formostcitizens,wages(wage)aretheonlysourceofincome.2.Although38percentofthepeoplediedofdiseasesduringtheexpedition(expedite),Cook’sdietofproperfoodkepttherestofthemhealthy.

3.Finallyoneday,Ididit,Iturned(turn)downanunreasonablerequest.4.Idon’tknowmuchaboutit,soIdon’tfeelqualified(qualify)tocomment.5.SheisinGreeceonanassignment(assign)foroneoftheSundaynewspapers.6.Thedigginghadleftanetworkofabandoned(abandon)minesandtunnels.7.Hehasneverstoppedtryingandshowedgreatperseverance(persevere).8.Theymadearesolution(resolve)tolosealltheweightgainedduringtheChristmasholidays.9.Ithinktheapplication(apply)deadlinewasNovember1st.10.Ourcommitment(commit)willbeofthehighestorder.五、1.Wehavebeendiscussing(discuss)theprojectfortwohours.Let’stakeabreak.2.Atpresent,thereformhasapproached(approach)itsfinalgoalthatisschoolimprovement.3.“Ihavebeendreaming(dream)ofarurallifefordecades,butmyworkhampers(阻碍)me,”Chengsays.4.Analystsfoundthattwomillionofushaveabandoned(abandon)DIYoverthepasttwoyears.5.Thecompanyhasbeenpromising(promise)ariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.6.Sofar,onlythreecountrieshavemanaged(manage)toindependentlysendhumansintospace:China,RussiaandtheU.S.六、答案解析1、explorers：“oneof+可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，此处指“最著名的探险家之一”，所以用explore的名词复数形式explorers。2、are：此句是倒装句，主语是“someofBlackborow'sdiaryentries”，为复数概念，描述的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时的be动词复数形式are。3、to：“anexpeditionto...”表示“去……的探险”，此处指去南极的探险，用介词to表示方向。4、haddreamed：此处表示“这是我一直梦想的冒险”，梦想这个动作在“readtheadvertisement”之前就已经存在，是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时haddreame