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非谓语动词非谓语动词概述1.什么是非谓语动词?非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式,在句子中可以充当谓语以外的成分。2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用一个句子中已存在一个主句(含谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下,再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。eg.Shegotoffthebus,butsheleftherhandbagontheseat.(有并列连词,所以用谓语动词)Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagontheseat.(没有连词,所以用非谓语动词)3.非谓语动词的种类:动词的-ing形式、过去分词和不定式。考点一动词的-ing形式Reading①isoneofXiaoMeng’shobbies.Sinceshewasachild,shehasbeendreamingofbecoming②awriter.Lastmonth,shereadabookdescribing③lovebetweenabossandasleeping④beauty—agirlwhosegiftissolving⑤difficultproblemsinherdreams.Hercolleaguesoftenfoundhersolving⑥problemswhilesleeping⑦soundly.Thebookisveryinteresting⑤.XiaoMengreallyenjoysreading②thenovelandimaginessolving②difficultproblemsinherowndreams.动词的-ing形式在句子中作什么成分①作主语②作宾语③作后置定语④作前置定语⑤作表语⑥作宾补⑦作状语一、-ing的形式语态形式时态形式主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二、核心考点1.动词-ing形式作主语(doing/beingdone作主语不表示正在进行,只表示主/被动)(1)动名词短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数,但表示多于一个的概念时,谓语动词则用复数。Playingcellphonegamesishisfavourite.玩手机游戏是他的最爱。Dancingandskatingaremyhobbies,andIalsoliketoreadshortstories.跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好,同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。Beinglaughedatinpublicmademeembarrassed.当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。(2)有时用it作形式主语,常用于Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsth.结构中。Itisnousetryingtopersuadesuchastubbornperson.想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。Itisnopleasurebeingblamedinthefaceofotherstudents.当着其他同学的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的。2.动词-ing形式作宾语(doing/beingdone作宾语不表示正在进行,只表示主/被动)(1)动词-ing形式可以作介词的宾语IhelpMumoutbydoingthehouseworkthatIcando.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。Theboycriedloudlyfornotbeingallowedtoentertheamusementpark.这孩子因不被允许进入游乐场而大声哭泣。注意:以下短语中to都是介词beusedtodoing习惯于objectto反对devoteoneselfto致力于stickto坚持payattentionto注意lookforwardto期盼adaptto适应adjustto使适应于owe...to归咎于beaddictedto对……上瘾(2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语,只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词有:mind(介意),miss(错过),mention(提到),enjoy(喜欢),escape(逃避),practise(练习),postpone(推迟),permit(允许),suggest(建议),stand(bear,tolerate)(忍受),consider(考虑),keep(保持),avoid(避免),admit(承认),advise(建议),allow(允许),appreciate(感激),risk(冒险),resist(抵制),recommend(建议),finish(完成),forbid(禁止),imagine(想象),dislike(不喜欢),delay(延迟),quit(放弃),deny(否认)Thethiefkeptrunningtoavoid/escapebeingcaughtbythepolice.小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。LittleTomisconsideringquittingpractisingplayingtheviolin,becausehisneighborcan’ttoleratelisteningtothenoiseeveryday.Theotherday,shepromisedtogiveTomtendollarsaweekifhegaveupdoingit.Tomimagineshavinglotsofmoneyandcan’tresisttakingheradvice.小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴,因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪音。前几天,她答应每周给汤姆10美元如果他放弃练琴的话。汤姆想象着有很多钱,忍不住接受了她的建议。3.动词-ing形式作表语(1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时doing名词意义较强,doing/beingdone作表语不表示正在进行,只表示主/被动)Myhobbyisreadingbooks.我的兴趣爱好是读书。WhatmademehappywasbeingadmittedtoPekingUniversity.让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。(2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强,表示“令人……的”,往往物作主语。如:amazing,boring,confusing,disappointing,exciting,frightening等等。Thenewsissurprising.这则消息令人吃惊。单句语法填空1.Heenjoyslistening(listen)toviolinmusic,playing(play)mah-jong,swimming(swim)andreading(read).2.Mary’sbeinglate(late)forclassmadeherteacherangry.3.Itisnousearguing(argue)withhimaboutsuchamatter.4.DrYuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding(expand)theareaofthefields.5.Spending(spend)moneyonhimselforleading(lead)acomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.4.动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时,用doing;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时,用beingdone)(1)单个的动词-ing形式作定语,放在被修饰词之前。fallingleaves正在落下的树叶asleepingchild睡着的孩子aswimmingpool游泳池areadingroom阅览室(动名词可置于名词前作定语,表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能)(2)动词-ing形式短语作定语,要放在被修饰词之后。thegirlwearingareddress穿红裙子的女孩thebridgebeingbuiltnow现在在建的大桥5.动词-ing形式作状语(1)doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.走在大街上,我碰到一个老朋友。(2)havingdone与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,且先于谓语动作发生。Havingwaitedinlinefortwohours,theoldmanbecameimpatient.已经排了两小时的队,这个老人变得不耐烦了。(3)havingbeendone与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动作发生。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,theboystillmadethesamemistakeagainandagain.已经被告知很多次,这个小男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。6.动词-ing形式作宾补现在分词作宾语补足语时,宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,结构为vt.+sb./sth.+doing...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有:“一感一抓一发现,二听四让和五看”(feel,catch,find,listento/hear,have/keep/get/leave,see/watch/lookat/observe/notice)WhenIleftschool,Isawthemplayingbasketballontheplayground.当我离开学校时,我看到他们在操场上打篮球。Iamsorryforkeepingyouwaitingmeforsuchalongtime.很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。Theheadmasterwasangrytocatchsomestudentssmokingagain.又一次抓住一些学生吸烟,校长很生气。单句语法填空1.Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewinding(wind)itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.2.Thematterbeingdiscussed(discuss)nowissoimportantthatitwillattracteveryone’sattention.3.FacialrecognitiontechnologyisworkingwellattouristattractionsaroundChina,reducing(reduce)thetimepeoplespendstandinginlinesatentriesorsecuritycheck.动词的过去分词形式Dropped①ontheground,thecellphone’sscreenwasbroken;thoughseen①inthedistance,itstilllookedOK.XiaoMinghadtogetitrepaired②.However,torepairsuchabroken③cellphoneneededalotofmoney.XiaoMingwasreallyworried④.动词的过去分词形式在句子中作什么成分①作状语②作宾补③作定语④作表语1.过去分词作定语当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时,用done。单个的过去分词作定语,往往放在被修饰词之前;过去分词短语作定语,常放在被修饰词之后。thepollutedwater被污染的水abrokenglass一只打碎的玻璃杯thebridgecompletedlastmonth上周竣工的大桥theflowersplantedlastyear去年种的花2.过去分词作状语其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,且主语是过去分词动作的承受者,过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。Praisedbytheteacher,helookedveryexcited.受到了老师的表扬,他看起来很激动。Seenfromthetopofthemountain,ourcitylooksbeautiful.从山顶上望去,我们的城市很美。3.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾语补足语时,宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系,构成vt.+sb./sth.+done结构。可以用于此结构的动词有:(1)感官动词see,watch,hear,feel,find,notice等;(2)使役动词have,make,keep,leave,get等;(3)表示“想、希望、好恶”的单词,如want,wish,like等。IhearthesongsungeverytimeIpassbythecoffeeshop.每当我经过这家咖啡屋,我都能听到有人唱这首歌。Shehadtoraisehervoicetomakeherselfheard.她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。Theoldmanwantedhisoldwatchrepaired.这个老人想要找人修他的旧手表。4.过去分词作表语如果是和情绪相关的动词的过去分词形式,则形容词意义较强,表示“感到……的”,往往人作主语。如:amazed,bored,confused,disappointed,excited,frightened等等。Ifeltreallysurprisedwhenshetoldmetheexcitingnews.当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时,我感到非常惊讶。单句语法填空1.However,inthearranged(arrange)marriagesoftheolddaysofChina,therewereindeedquitealotofbrideswhocriedovertheirunsatisfactorymarriageandeventheirmiserablelife.2.Hewassleepingwhenheheardhisnameshouted(shout)fromtheoutside.3.Offered(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.考点三动词的不定式CiaoMingwantstoplay①cellphonegameseverydayandhisdreamistoplay②videogamesforthreedaysandnightscontinuously.Buthehassomuchhomeworktodo③.Inordertohave④achancetoplay③cellphonegames,XiaoMingdecidestostudy①hardtoget④ahighscore.Hereallyhopesthathisfatherwillallowhimtoplay⑤cellphonegameseveryday.Toobtain⑥suchachanceisnoteasy.动词的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分①作宾语②作表语③作定语④作状语⑤作宾补⑥作主语一、不定式的形式语态形式时态形式主动被动一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone二、核心考点1.不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语时,可以直接放在句首,谓语动词常常用单数。Toenteragooduniversityforfurtherstudyismygoalnow.进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。(2)不定式作主语时,更多放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语,常用于“Itis/was+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+todosth.”结构中。It’srudetoturnyourbacktoyourteacherandrefusetoanswer.背对着老师,拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。It’snecessaryforustohelpthoseinneed.我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。2.不定式作宾语(1)不定式可在intend(打算),plan(计划),expect(期望),pretend(假装),wouldlike/love/prefer(喜欢),wish(希望),decide(决定),agree(同意),help(帮助),manage(设法),persuade(说服),refuse(拒绝),seem/appear(好像),promise(答应),attempt(企图),choose(选择),ask(询问),learn(学习),tell(告诉),fail(失败),afford(付得起)等后作宾语。Theteacherdecidedtopretendtohaveknownwhattheboyshaddone.Hechosenottoasktheboysbutexpectedtobetoldeverything.老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们,但是期望被告知一切。(2)在某些动词如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe等后,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语不定式后置。Hefeels/thinksitimportanttolearnEnglishwell,butfindsitdifficulttorememberthewords.他认为学好英语很重要,但是发现记单词很难。3.不定式作表语不定式作表语,主语往往是dream,goal,aim,purpose,plan等表示意向、打算、计划的词。Mydreamistobecomeadoctoraftermygraduationfromuniversity.我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。Theaimofthetalentshowistoenrichstudents’extra-curricularactivities.这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。4.不定式作定语(1)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词,theonly,thenext等修饰时,常常用todo作定语。Johnisalwaysthefirstonetocomeupwithagoodidea.约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。(2)用在固定句型sb.havesth.todo和therebesth.todo中。Studentscomplainthattheyhaveendlesshomeworktodoeveryday.学生们抱怨他们每天有做不完的作业。(3)修饰某些名词,如chance,opportunity,way,ability,plan等。Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtohavethechancetodeliveraspeechhere.有机会在这里发表演讲,我感到万分荣幸。5.不定式作状语(1)不定式作目的状语时,常位于句首或句中,形式上可用inordertodo,soastodo,todo等,但soastodo不能置于句首。Igotupearlysoasto/inorderto/tocatchtheearlybusinthemorning.我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。(2)不定式作结果状语时,常用于too...todo,enoughto,so/such...asto结构中。only/justtodo常表示出乎意料的结果。IaskedMumtoputupthetentexcitedly,onlytobetoldthetenthadbeenleftbehind.我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷,却被告知忘带帐篷了。EverytimeIprepareforanimportantexamination,Iwillbetooanxioustofallasleep.每次我准备重要考试时,我都会因太焦虑而睡不着。(3)在behappy/glad/sorry/sad/surprisedtodosth.结构中作原因状语。IamextremelygladtoknowthatyouarecomingtoChinaforavisitduringthesummerholiday.我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。6.不定式作宾补(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语,如ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等。Iamwritingtoinviteyoutocometomybirthdayparty.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日晚会。(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语:“一感”(feel),“二听”(hear,listento),“三使”(let,have,make),“五看”(see,notice,observe,watch,lookat),“半帮助”(help),但在变为被动语态时需加to。Ioftenhearthegirlsingthesongwhichispopularrecently.=Thegirlisoftenheardtosingthesongwhichispopularrecently.我经常听到这个小女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。单句语法填空1.Theairporttobecompleted(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.2.Tostay(stay)warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,andthensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.3.Somepeopletrytoknockmedown,onlytomake(make)memoredeterminedtodobetter.4.Theworkersseemtohavecompromised(compromise)withtheboss,becausetheyarepreparedtoreturntowork.层级一基础达标练单句语法填空1.Sometimeswefindher(drive)thetractoronthefarm.【答案】driving此处考查find+sb.+宾补,宾语her与drive为主谓关系。所以用driving。2.LiLeiisaskinghisdeskmate(help)himthinkofaforeignname.【答案】tohelp此处考查todo作宾补。asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事。所以用tohelp。3.—Hi,LiHong!Ididn’tseeyouattheparty.—Oh,Iwasbusy(get)readyforthecomingexams.【答案】getting此处考查固定搭配bebusydoingsth.,所以填getting。4.Theoldmenenjoy(listen)tothesingingofthebirdsinthepark.【答案】listening此处考查非谓语动词作宾语。enjoy之后跟doing作宾语,所以填listening。5.Thegirl(stand)underthetreeismycousinKate.【答案】standing此处考查非谓语作定语。thegirl和stand之间为主谓关系,所以填standing。6.Books(write)ineasyEnglishareverypopularamongChinesemiddleschoolstudents.【答案】written此处考查非谓语动词作后置定语。books和write之间是被动关系,所以填written。7.Ifoundthedoor(close)whenIgothome.【答案】closed此处考查非谓语动词作宾补。宾语thedoor和close之间是被动关系,所以填closed。8.Whentheymetagain,theyweretooexcited(say)aword.【答案】tosay此处为too+adj.+todo固定结构,其中todo表示结果,所以填tosay。9.I’mhungry.Getmesomething(eat).【答案】toeat此处考查todo作定语。10.—Howlongdidittakeyou(do)yourhomeworkyesterday?—Abouthalfanhour.【答案】todo此处it为形式主语,结构为ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.,所以此处填todo。层级二高考真题练单句语法填空1.Theyrepresenttheearth(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.(2020·全国Ⅱ)【答案】coming考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词theearth与comebackto之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。2.Theyareeasy(care)forandmakegreatpresents.(2020·全国Ⅱ)【答案】tocare考查非谓语动词。这里考查“be+形容词+todo”结构。故填tocare。3.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout(find)thewell-knownpainter.(2020·全国Ⅲ)【答案】tofind考查非谓语动词。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为setouttodosth.,故填tofind。4.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.(2020·全国Ⅲ)【答案】surrounding考查非谓语动词。在“see+宾语+宾补”结构中,宾语与宾补之间是主动关系,用现在分词,表示动作正在进行。surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。5.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor(walk)througharainforest.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)【答案】walking此处与living是并列成分,共同作imagine的宾补,imaginesb.doingsth.想象某人做某事。故填walking。6.Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology(change)lives.(2020·浙江)【答案】tochange考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,简单句中已有动词gave,设空处需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式作定语,修饰technology。故填tochange。7.(complete)in1931,theEmpireStateBuilding,thehighestskyscraperuntil1954,inspiredtheimaginationoftheworld.(2020·天津,5月)【答案】Completed考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词是inspired,此处用非谓语动词。主语theEmpireStateBuilding和动词complete是被动关系,用过去分词作状语。位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Completed。8.Thelocalgovernmentdoesn’thavetosacrificeenvironmentalprotection(promote)economicgrowth.(2020·天津,5月)【答案】topromote考查非谓语动词。通过分析句子可知,句中存在谓语doesn’thavetosacrifice,空处需使用非谓语动词且表示目的,因此使用动词不定式形式。9.(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.(2019·天津)【答案】Learning考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句子缺少主语成分,故用动名词作主语,故填Learning。10.Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.(2019·全国Ⅰ)【答案】toperform考查非谓语动词。本句含有“主语+be+adj.+不定式”结构,主语通常是不定式动作的承受者,不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故此处填toperform。层级三语篇提能练语法填空(改编自2020·全国Ⅰ)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry1.(land)aspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thename2.(inspire)byanancientChinesemoongoddess—toucheddownlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.3.(land)onthemoon’sfarsideisextremely4.(challenge).Becausethemoon’sbody5.(block)directradiocommunicationwith
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